THE INDEX

Every paper we have read

Each one summarised from the full article, not its abstract, and kept only if it speaks to physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech-language pathology or nursing. Newest first.

35,183 PAPERS · PAGE 400 OF 704 · NEWEST FIRST

• PTRCT2021Basic research on the primary prevention of boxing-related sports injuries with the development of a quantitative motion analysis software.Journal of physical therapy scienceProfessional boxers who received video feedback on their defensive gaps allowed fewer hits to land in their next fight. This approach helped them adjust their guard and reduce exposure to head trauma, offering a practical way to lower injury risk.
• PTOTSLPCohort2021DSM-5 symptom expression in toddlers.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceCaregiver reports distinguish autism from other delays in toddlers. Repetitive behaviors and relationship deficits were most common. Insistence on sameness was rare, so two of the three remaining repetitive behavior criteria are needed for diagnosis. No single behavior is unique to autism.
• SLPOther2021Head Shadow, Summation, and Squelch in Bilateral Cochlear-Implant Users With Linked Automatic Gain Controls.Trends in hearingLinking the automatic gain controls on both cochlear implant processors made no difference to speech understanding in noise for nine bilateral users. The linked settings did not improve performance, but they also did not cause any harm or make understanding worse.
• PTMeta-Analysis2021Measuring Change in Health Status Over Time (Responsiveness): A Meta-analysis of the SF-36 in Cardiac and Pulmonary Rehabilitation.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationIn cardiac rehab, SF-36 mental scores tracked pre-post change more consistently than physical scores. In lung rehab, physical scores matched disease-specific respiratory outcomes poorly. This is about the questionnaire, not treatment benefit.
• PTOTOther2021TEXT4myBACK - The Development Process of a Self-Management Intervention Delivered Via Text Message for Low Back Pain.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationDevelopers created 82 one-way text messages for low back pain self-management. Experts and consumers rated the messages, leading to revisions in 34% and 42% of drafts respectively. The final bank covers exercise, education, mood, care, sleep, and medication, but its effectiveness is untested.
• OTCase-Control2021Tactile cortical responses and association with tactile reactivity in young children on the autism spectrum.Molecular autismEarly brain responses to touch did not differ between autistic and neurotypical children, but a later response peaked about 10 ms sooner in autism. Autistic children had more parent-reported tactile difficulties, and early responses tracked tactile reactivity differently by group.
• OTOther2021Psychometric Properties of the Sensory Processing and Self-Regulation Checklist: English Version.Occupational therapy internationalFilipino parents could use the English Sensory Processing and Self-Regulation Checklist to report children's sensory and regulation behaviours consistently over time, and scores lined up with other parent checklists.
• OTQualitative2021Participation in Community Gardening: Sowing the Seeds of Well-Being: Participation au jardinage communautaire : pour semer les graines du bien-être.Canadian journal of occupational therapy. Revue canadienne d'ergotherapiePeople living with mental health issues in a community gardening program at supported housing and a resource center described feeling safer, more confident, and more connected. They valued choice, facilitator-led and peer learning, hands-on gardening, staff and volunteers, and shared produce.
• PTOTRCT2021Effectiveness of a combined transcranial direct current stimulation and virtual reality-based intervention on upper limb function in chronic individuals post-stroke with persistent severe hemiparesis: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationIn chronic severe stroke hemiparesis, tDCS plus a self-triggered VR task followed by conventional physical therapy improved arm motor scores more than conventional physical therapy alone; sensory scores did not differ. Single components cannot be separated.
• OTCohort2021Long-term prognoses of patients with and without re-rupture after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.Journal of physical therapy sciencePatients whose rotator cuff re-ruptured after surgery still improved, but their shoulder flexion and abduction stayed worse than patients without re-rupture. Pain and daily-life scores did not differ at the final follow-up.
• PTOther2021Is the diaphragm thickness related to gait speed in patients with hemiplegia caused by cerebrovascular accident?Journal of physical therapy scienceIn 11 community walkers after stroke, the unaffected to affected diaphragm thickness ratio during deep breath was linked to faster walking. Other thickness measures were not. This does not show diaphragm training improves gait speed.
• PTOTSLPMeta-Analysis2021Occupational Stress and Burnout Among Health Care Workers in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationHealth care workers in Ethiopia reported high rates of occupational stress and burnout. Female workers, those 25 or younger, and diploma holders had higher stress odds. Married workers and those without shift work had lower burnout odds.
• SLPCohort2021Patterns of noise exposure and prevalence of hearing loss amongst Cape Town Minstrel Carnival musicians.The South African journal of communication disorders = Die Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir KommunikasieafwykingsDespite high noise exposure and no hearing protection use, only one of 43 musicians had hearing loss. Most participants reported tinnitus, but pure tone and otoacoustic emission tests showed normal hearing thresholds across the group.
• PTOther2021Relationship of the mobility of the sacroiliac joint with foot plant pressure.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn young, pain-free adults, standing balance shifted forward when sacroiliac mobility tests were positive. However, actual pressure on the foot soles did not change with these tests. A forward shift in standing balance alone does not confirm altered foot loading.
• PTOTCohort2021Correlates of improvement in the care need levels of older adults with disabilities: a two-year follow-up study.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn older adults using day-care services, better baseline cognitive, self-care, bladder and bowel control, and social-cognition scores were linked to improved care need levels over two years. Walking and strength tests did not differ between groups.
• SLPCohort2021Repeated onabotulinum neurotoxin A injections for drooling in children with neurodisability.Developmental medicine and child neurologyRepeated onabotulinum toxin A injections for drooling remained effective but showed a significantly smaller reduction in drooling after the second and third injections compared to the first. Treatment success dropped from 74% after the first injection to 41.6% after the second.
• OTOther2021The ADaptive Ability Performance Test (ADAPT): A new instrument for measuring adaptive skills in people with intellectual disabilities and borderline intellectual functioning.Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARIDClients receiving support scored lower on a caregiver adaptive-skills questionnaire than independently living people. Scores were higher with higher IQ, education and independent living. It gives reference values, not evidence that treatment helps.
• OTOther2021What is Professionalism in Occupational Therapy? A Concept Analysis: Qu'est-ce que le professionnalisme en ergothérapie? Analyse de ce concept.Canadian journal of occupational therapy. Revue canadienne d'ergotherapieThis is a concept analysis, not a clinical study. It proposes a definition of professionalism for occupational therapists but reports no patients, outcomes, or tested interventions.
• PTOTSystematic Review2021Associations Between Measures of Physical Activity and Muscle Size and Strength: A Systematic Review.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationObjective physical activity measures like accelerometers showed moderate positive associations with lower limb muscle size and strength. Self-reported activity showed negative associations in older adults. Use device-based data rather than questionnaires when predicting muscle outcomes.
• OTNarrative Review2021Looking Back to Move Forward: Canadian Occupational Therapy In Public Health, 1914-2019.Canadian journal of occupational therapy. Revue canadienne d'ergotherapieA century of Canadian literature argues occupational therapy belongs in public health, yet the two fields remain separate. Historical barriers include funding models favoring hospital-based care, professional identity conflicts, and a reactive medical approach that clashes with preventative public health goals.
• PTOTSystematic Review2021Properties of the surface electromyogram following traumatic spinal cord injury: a scoping review.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationSurface EMG can detect residual voluntary muscle signals after spinal cord injury, even when movement seems absent. Most studies reported only signal amplitude. Timing and frequency information were rarely used.
• SLPOther2021Reward Enhances Online Participants' Engagement With a Demanding Auditory Task.Trends in hearingOnline listeners performed worse than those in a lab on a difficult speech-in-noise test. Adding a small performance-based bonus to online pay raised their scores to match the lab group. This suggests the gap was due to lower motivation, not just the home environment.
• SLPSurvey2021Factors influencing speech language pathologists' and audiologists' decision to pursue postgraduate studies in South Africa.The South African journal of communication disorders = Die Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir KommunikasieafwykingsSouth African clinicians pursue postgraduate studies to meet personal goals and improve knowledge, not because a degree is required for licensure. The main barriers are lack of time, family commitments, and funding, while negative undergraduate experiences also deter return.
• PTOTOther2021Effects of trunk anterior tilt and knee joint flexion angle changes on muscle activity in the lower limb muscles.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn healthy men, tilting the trunk forward and bending the knees changed which leg muscles worked. Hamstrings and glutes fired harder as the trunk leaned forward, while the calf muscle worked harder when the knee was straight. This helps therapists choose exercises that target specific muscles.
• PTCohort2021Surgical site, gender, and place of residence influence the time to resume driving after total joint arthroplasty.Archives of physiotherapyMost patients resumed driving between weeks 4 and 9 after knee or hip replacement. Men and those living in the countryside drove earlier. Right-sided knee replacements and female patients were significantly more likely to delay driving until weeks 10 to 12.
• PTOTSystematic Review2021Early intervention evidence for infants with or at risk for cerebral palsy: an overview of systematic reviews.Developmental medicine and child neurologyEarly motor interventions for infants at risk of cerebral palsy show limited evidence. Active, task-specific training and environmental enrichment are weakly supported, but many trials are low quality. Passive techniques like stretching are ineffective. Clinicians should prioritize engaging, goal-directed activities over generalized stimulation.
• SLPCohort2021Imitation and recognition of facial emotions in autism: a computer vision approach.Molecular autismAdults with autism recognized fewer emotions and were slower than controls. They could imitate facial expressions when asked, but their imitation was less precise and slower. Precision of imitation correlated with recognition accuracy, though instructing imitation lowered immediate recognition performance.
• PTOTCase Report2021Gait training using a hybrid assistive limb after botulinum toxin treatment for cerebral palsy: a case report.Journal of physical therapy scienceA single case report describes a man with cerebral palsy who received botulinum toxin injections followed by robot-assisted gait training. Walking speed, endurance, and gross motor function improved and were maintained for three months. This describes one person's outcome, not a proven treatment.
• PTOTRCT2021Sequential motor learning transfers from real to virtual environment.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationPractising a button-press task in the real world made a subsequent virtual reaching task faster. The reverse did not happen. Practising the virtual task first did not improve performance on the real-world task.
• PTOTCase-Control2021Alterations in intermuscular coordination underlying isokinetic exercise after a stroke and their implications on neurorehabilitation.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationDuring fixed-speed upper limb movements, stroke survivors generated weaker and less accurately directed forces, used fewer coordination patterns than controls, and more impaired participants showed more altered muscle activation.
• SLPSystematic Review2021Speech input processing in children born with cleft palate: A systematic literature review with narrative synthesis.International journal of language & communication disordersChildren born with cleft palate with or without cleft lip may find it harder to hear sounds they mispronounce, especially when their speech errors are posterior. Rhyme, alliteration and sound matching performance was not clearly different from peers, but evidence is limited and mixed.
• OTQualitative2021Social Circus for People with Disabilities: A Video Analysis through the Lens of the MOHO.Occupational therapy internationalYouTube videos of social circus for people with disabilities showed fun, achievement, flexible roles, teamwork, and transferable skills like balance and communication. They describe possibilities, not proof that circus improves outcomes.
• PTOTPilot2021Robot-mediated overground gait training for transfemoral amputees with a powered bilateral hip orthosis: a pilot study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationSeven transfemoral amputees completed a four-week overground training program with a powered hip exoskeleton. Walking speed and symmetry improved after training, but wearing the device during assessment slowed walking and increased metabolic cost compared to walking without it.
• PTOTSLPRCT2021Predictors of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Performance in Patients with Stroke.Occupational therapy internationalFor stroke survivors, how independent they are in basic self-care tasks was the strongest predictor of their ability to manage complex daily activities like shopping or finances. Older age, poorer executive function, and higher depression scores also predicted worse performance.
• PTOTSLPPilot2021Short report on research trends during the COVID-19 pandemic and use of telehealth interventions and remote brain research in children with autism spectrum disorder.Autism : the international journal of research and practice6 children with ASD engaged in 60-minute Zoom gross-motor or seated-play activities twice weekly for 8 weeks. Children gave satisfaction 4.4 and parents 4.3 out of 5. No completed trial results are reported.
• PTOther2021Automatically evaluating balance using machine learning and data from a single inertial measurement unit.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationA machine learning model using sensor data rated balance exercises more accurately than patients' own self-assessments. It better identified when exercises were too difficult, potentially making home-based training safer by catching overconfidence before patients attempt unsafe movements.
• SLPOther2021Emotion Dysregulation is Substantially Elevated in Autism Compared to the General Population: Impact on Psychiatric Services.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchYouth with autism showed substantially higher emotion dysregulation than the general population, with community samples scoring in the clinical range. This impairment predicted psychiatric hospitalization, emergency service use, and medication prescription, even after accounting for age, intellectual disability, and ADHD symptoms.
• OTSLPOther2021'No idea of time': Parents report differences in autistic children's behaviour relating to time in a mixed-methods study.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceParents of autistic children reported significantly lower scores on time management and planning compared to parents of neurotypical children. Qualitative descriptions highlighted three key differences: struggles with learning time concepts, inflexible planning for the future, and time perception heavily influenced by the child's specific interests.
• OTPilot2021Objective assessment of impulse control disorder in patients with Parkinson's disease using a low-cost LEGO-like EEG headset: a feasibility study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationA low-cost EEG headset recorded usable brain responses, but impulse-control-related changes after dopamine medication were small and tentative. This pilot cannot guide medication decisions.
• OTOther2021Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Scale A-ONE: An Italian Cross-Sectional Study.Occupational therapy internationalIn 70 Italian adults with brain disorders, A-ONE daily-living scores were stable when rated by trained occupational therapists and matched Barthel scores except communication. The communication domain tracked Barthel scores poorly, so it can support OT assessment, not prove treatment works.
• PTOTSystematic Review2021Effect of virtual reality therapy, combined with physiotherapy for improving motor proficiency in individuals with Down syndrome: A systematic review.The South African journal of physiotherapyAdding Nintendo Wii exercise to standard physiotherapy or occupational therapy did not show overall better motor proficiency in Down syndrome. Agility improved in some studies, but balance, strength and coordination were mixed or inconclusive.
• PTPilot2021Leg Movement Rate Pre- and Post-Kicking Intervention in Infants with Down Syndrome.Physical & occupational therapy in pediatricsNine infants with Down syndrome increased their daily leg movement rate after an eight-week home kicking toy intervention, but they still moved less than infants with typical development. Gross motor scores improved, yet the study cannot prove the toy caused the change.
• SLPSystematic Review2021Oral and written communication skills of adolescents with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) compared with those with no/low PAE: A systematic review.International journal of language & communication disordersAdolescents with prenatal alcohol exposure often scored lower on vocabulary, word retrieval, verbal memory and reading than peers with little or no exposure, but results varied by study and measure.
• SLPSurvey2021Parental views on informational counselling provided by audiologists for children with permanent childhood hearing loss.The South African journal of communication disorders = Die Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir KommunikasieafwykingsParents reported that audiologists overwhelmingly presented only hearing aids and sign language, ignoring other communication options and educational methods. Families specifically requested information on the cause of hearing loss, parent support groups, and all available rehabilitative technologies to make truly informed decisions.
• OTOther2020Measuring the occupational balance of people with insomnia in a Chinese population: Preliminary psychometric evidence on the Chinese version of the Occupational Balance Questionnaire.Hong Kong journal of occupational therapy : HKJOTPeople with more severe insomnia had lower occupational balance scores on a Chinese questionnaire. It may help occupational therapists assess sleep-related daily activity balance, but the evidence is preliminary.
• PTOTCohort2020Factors predicting clinically significant functional gain and discharge to home in stroke in-patients after rehabilitation - A retrospective cohort study.Hong Kong journal of occupational therapy : HKJOTYounger stroke in-patients, those with haemorrhagic stroke, and those starting with moderate motor function were linked to clinically important motor gain. Those with family or attendant support and higher admission function were linked to going home.
• OTSurvey2020Predictors of academic integrity in undergraduate and graduate-entry masters occupational therapy students.Hong Kong journal of occupational therapy : HKJOTStudent dishonesty was predicted by cheating tendencies, moral practice scores, and pressure to perform. Fieldwork integrity was linked to gender and cheating tendencies. The study suggests focusing teaching on referencing rules and ethical reasoning, though self-report data limits certainty.
• SLPCohort2021Parent stress and coping trajectories in Hispanic and non-Hispanic families of children at risk of autism spectrum disorder.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceHispanic parents reported lower general parenting stress and family impact than non-Hispanic parents during the autism diagnostic process, but autism-specific stress was similar. Non-Hispanic families showed more positive change in coping and impact over time.
• Qualitative2021Home education for children with autism spectrum disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic: Indonesian mothers experience.Research in developmental disabilitiesFive Indonesian mothers described home education for children with autism as burdensome due to increased child maladaptive behaviours, lack of teaching knowledge, and financial stress. They coped through religious practices and seeking support in online parent groups.
• OTSLPSurvey2021Needs assessment in unmet healthcare and family support services: A survey of caregivers of children and youth with autism spectrum disorder in Delaware.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchCaregivers of 263 children and youth with autism reported unmet needs for speech-language therapy, occupational therapy, social skills, and family support, especially provider shortages and access barriers.