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Adult rehabilitation research

Everything we have read on adult rehabilitation. Each paper is summarised from the full article rather than its abstract, so the limitations are in there too, and the funding wherever the paper declares it.

1,091 PAPERS · PAGE 1 OF 22 · NEWEST FIRST

• OTRNRCT2016Associations among pain, depression, and functional limitation in low-income, home-dwelling older adults: An analysis of baseline data from CAPABLE.Geriatric nursing (New York, N.Y.)In low-income home-dwelling older adults, higher depressive symptoms and pain interference were linked to more difficulty with daily activities. Depression was linked to part of the pain-function relationship, but this baseline analysis does not show treatment improves function.
• OTRNOther2016A comparison of two assessments of levels of functioning in clients with intellectual disability between occupational therapists and nursing staff within a long-term mental healthcare facility in South Africa.CurationisIn 586 residents with intellectual disability, occupational therapists’ creative ability ratings and nurses’ Fairview developmental scores were strongly related. OTs and nurses can use the two ratings together to set supervision and activity expectations.
• PTOTRNSystematic Review2017Assessment of Activity of Daily Living Among Older Adult Patients in Home Healthcare and Skilled Nursing Facilities: An Integrative Review.Home healthcare nowOlder adult ADL assessments in home health and skilled nursing use different tools, definitions, scoring and reporters, so scores may not be comparable. Check the method before using it to guide care.
• PTOTRNCohort2017Changes in frailty conditions and phenotype components in elderly after hospitalization.Revista latino-americana de enfermagemOne year after discharge, the most common change was non-frail to pre-frail (56.7%), and deaths occurred among frail and pre-frail adults. Depression, medicines, illnesses and daily-living scores did not predict overall frailty change.
• PTOTRNQualitative2018Stakeholders' Perceptions Sought to Inform the Development of a Low-Cost Mobile Robot for Older Adults: A Qualitative Descriptive Study.Clinical nursing researchOlder adults in senior housing wanted to do daily self-care and household tasks themselves, keep active, and stay connected to family and friends. Staff visits did not replace that need. Safety checks and reminders mattered.
• OTRNSurvey2017Self-care competence in the administration of insulin in older people aged 70 or over1.Revista latino-americana de enfermagemOlder adults who self-administered insulin often skipped handwashing, air injection and safe sharp disposal. Competence went with regular glucose checks and proper skin pinching, and was lower among retired participants.
• PTOTSLPRNCohort2018Functional Status Is Associated With 30-Day Potentially Preventable Readmissions Following Skilled Nursing Facility Discharge Among Medicare Beneficiaries.Journal of the American Medical Directors AssociationPatients discharged from skilled nursing facilities with greater dependence in self-care, mobility, or cognition had higher odds of 30-day potentially preventable readmissions. Mobility and self-care dependence showed stronger associations than severe cognitive impairment alone.
• PTOTCohort2018Muscle Strength and Functional Limitations: Preserving Function in Older Mexican Americans.Journal of the American Medical Directors AssociationStronger handgrip was linked to less functional loss over two years in older Mexican Americans. Each 10-kg higher grip was associated with 5% and 8% lower odds of losing instrumental tasks and developing new disability. It does not prove strength training prevents decline.
• OTRNQualitative2018Coming of Age With Cancer: Physical, Social, and Financial Barriers to Independence Among Emerging Adult Survivors.Oncology nursing forumEighteen young adults after HCT felt stuck between sick and well. Health setbacks made them depend on caregivers, strained friendships and partners, and made insurance and money feel like threats to independence.
• PTOTRNOther2018Physical Activity and Function in Assisted Living Residents.Western journal of nursing researchAssisted living residents averaged 20.6 sedentary hours daily, with 42 minutes of moderate activity. A wrist monitor was feasible, and activity did not separate residents who had fallen from those who had not.
• PTOTCohort2018Patient-Reported Outcomes in Functioning Following Nursing Home or Inpatient Rehabilitation.Journal of the American Medical Directors AssociationAmong older Medicare beneficiaries who reported nursing home or inpatient rehabilitation, 33.4% said their functioning did not improve. Lower education, difficulty with complex daily tasks, less than 1 month of total rehab, and no outpatient rehab were linked to reporting no improvement.
• OTSurvey2019Occupational therapy practice in oncology care: Results from a survey.Nursing & health sciencesOccupational therapists in oncology settings frequently treat physical impairments but often cannot bill directly for psychosocial care like emotional support or lifestyle management. Most reported barriers such as time constraints and insurance limitations, which restrict their ability to provide comprehensive holistic care.
• OTCohort2019Impairments in Individual Autonomous Living Tasks and Time to Self-Care Disability in Middle-Aged and Older Adults.Journal of the American Medical Directors AssociationIn middle-aged and older adults, difficulty shopping and preparing hot meals had the strongest links to later needing help with basic self-care. Difficulty using a map had the weakest links.
• PTOTSLPRNSystematic Review2019The Effectiveness of Function-Focused Care Interventions in Nursing Homes: A Systematic Review.The journal of nursing research : JNRFunction-focused care in nursing homes improved physical, psychosocial, and cognitive outcomes for most residents. The review could not determine which specific intervention method worked best or whether integrated or dedicated care processes were superior.
• PTOTCohort2019Predictive Capacity of Frailty Phenotype Toward Patterns of Disability Identified Using Latent Class Analysis.Journal of the American Medical Directors AssociationFrailty screening missed many older adults who later developed disability patterns. When it flagged someone, that person often did decline. It was not good at catching most people who declined.
• OTQualitative2019Implementing active care through (cultural) activities of daily living: A person-centred approach to achieve flourishing.Nursing openCarers described cultural activities as bringing joy, closer relationships, and repeated engagement. Their narratives did not measure patient outcomes, so this reports staff experience, not evidence that activities improve health.
• PTOTRNCohort2019Genotype, resilience and function and physical activity post hip fracture.International journal of orthopaedic and trauma nursingAt two months after hip fracture, resilience was associated with genetic variation and social activity, and with better function and more exercise. The study cannot show cause.
• PTOTRNPilot2019Exploring the Adaptability of Tai Chi to Stroke Rehabilitation.Rehabilitation nursing : the official journal of the Association of Rehabilitation NursesCommunity stroke survivors in a 12-month adapted group program attended 72% of classes, had no intervention-related falls or adverse events, and reported better balance, flexibility, and confidence. The program included many components, so the contribution of any single component cannot be separated.
• OTRNOther2019Health-related quality of life and related factors among a sample of older people with cognitive impairment.Nursing openOlder adults with mild cognitive impairment self-reported quality of life close to reference values for a general Swedish geriatric population. Low physical quality of life was linked to dependence in daily activities, pain and informal care; low mental quality of life was linked to loneliness.
• OTSLPRNQualitative2019Typology of Technology-Supported Dementia Care Interventions From an In-Home Telehealth Trial.Western journal of nursing researchDementia experts who reviewed caregivers' home videos mostly taught behavior management, disease expectations and safety skills, plus caregiver support. This maps what to assess and teach, not proof the telehealth programme works.
• OTSLPRNQualitative2019Acceptance and adjustment: A qualitative study of experiences of hearing and vision impairments and daily life among oldest old recipients of home care.International journal of older people nursingPeople in their late 80s and 90s with hearing and vision loss often accept these impairments because they lack the energy to address them. They prioritize managing pain, fatigue and serious illness over sensory aids, leading to social withdrawal and difficulty with daily tasks like reading.
• PTOTCohort2019Oral Health, Disability and Physical Function: Results From Studies of Older People in the United Kingdom and United States of America.Journal of the American Medical Directors AssociationIn older adults, tooth loss, dry mouth, poor self-rated oral health, and several oral problems were associated with mobility limitations, self-care and household task problems, and slow gait or weak grip.
• OTRNSurvey2019Functional and self-care capacity of people with multiple sclerosis.Revista latino-americana de enfermagemMost outpatients with MS had self-care capacity (82.1%), but 51.2% were moderately dependent for basic tasks. Higher disability and older age were linked to greater dependence.
• OTRCT2019Attention control group activities and perceived benefit in a trial of a behavioral intervention for older adults.Research in nursing & healthIn the attention control arm of a home-based trial, older adults with daily-living difficulty often chose conversation and games. They reported perceived benefit, but this is self-report, not proof an intervention works.
• PTOTRNMeta-Analysis2020Prevalence of Hospital-Associated Disability in Older Adults: A Meta-analysis.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association30% of older adults lose independence in daily activities such as bathing, dressing, toilet use or eating after acute hospitalization. Check ADL status on admission and discharge, because loss is associated with nursing home placement and death.
• OTRNOther2019Predictors of instrumental activities of daily living in community-dwelling older adults.Archives of psychiatric nursingOlder adults who were better at holding and changing information in working memory performed more accurately at managing medications and finances. No measured thinking skill predicted shopping or phone and letter tasks.
• PTOTRNCohort2020Determinants of Maintenance and Recovery of Function in a Representative Older Community-Resident Biracial Sample.Journal of the American Medical Directors AssociationAbout three quarters of older adults stayed independent in basic self-care over six years. Nearly half of those who became impaired recovered, and recovery was linked to younger age, no recent hospitalization, and larger household.
• PTOTRNRCT2020Visual feedback therapy for restoration of upper limb function of stroke patients.International journal of nursing sciencesStroke patients who added visual feedback therapy to conventional stroke care and rehabilitation had better upper limb movement and daily independence after 8 weeks, and the advantage remained at 2 months in the 17 followed patients.
• PTOTRNRCT2020Effect of Delirium on Physical Function in Noncardiac Thoracic Surgery Patients.American journal of critical care : an official publication, American Association of Critical-Care NursesDelirium after major noncardiac thoracic surgery did not significantly change muscle strength scores. Patients with delirium had lower self-reported independence at discharge, but this was a secondary outcome in a small analysis.
• OTRNQualitative2020A qualitative study of living with the burden from heart failure treatment: Exploring the patient capacity for self-care.Nursing openHeart failure patients said their ability to manage treatment fluctuated. They used personal strength, sometimes ignored the illness, set attainable goals, limited information, and relied on nurses, family, and peers.
• PTOTPilot2020Yoga improves balance, mobility, and perceived occupational performance in adults with chronic brain injury: A preliminary investigation.Complementary therapies in clinical practiceEight weeks of group yoga, including physical postures, breath work, affirmations, and meditation/relaxation, was associated with improved balance, walking distance, and perceived occupational performance in seven adults with chronic brain injury; balance confidence, pain, and performance satisfaction did not change.
• OTCohort2020Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Predicting the 6-Year Risk of Cognitive Impairment Among Chinese Older Adults.Journal of the American Medical Directors AssociationA simple chart using age, daily function, MMSE, stroke, chewing, vision, TV/radio, and pets estimated six-year cognitive impairment risk in Chinese adults aged 65 and above without baseline impairment and matched observed risk in a second cohort.
• PTOTSLPRNSystematic Review2021Efficacy of Mobile Health for Self-management of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Theory-Guided Systematic Review.The Journal of cardiovascular nursingMobile health tools for heart and diabetes risks showed mixed results. Some studies lowered blood sugar and blood pressure, while others found no difference from usual care. Engagement often dropped over time, and effects varied by the specific condition and tool used.
• OTSurvey2020Development and Validation of the Norfolk Quality of Life Fatigue Tool (QOL-F): A New Measure of Perception of Fatigue.Journal of the American Medical Directors AssociationA new 35-item questionnaire separated cognitive fatigue, fatigue problems, reduced activity, daily-living tasks and low mood in 409 healthy adults; replication in a larger independent sample is needed.
• PTOTRNCohort2020Differences in Health-Related Quality of Life Predictors in People Living With HIV With and Without Diabetes.The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care : JANACDepression and anxiety predicted poor quality of life in people with HIV and diabetes. Unlike those with HIV alone, physical activity, medication adherence, and smoking status did not predict quality of life in the dual-diagnosis group.
• OTRNCohort2020Cognitive impairment no dementia and associations with health literacy, self-management skills, and functional health status.Patient education and counselingOlder adults with cognitive impairment not dementia often had limited health literacy and poorer self-management, including medication dosing and recalling spoken guidance. The study did not find links to physical function, depression, or anxiety.
• OTCohort2020Predictors of Residential Care Admission in Community-Dwelling Older People With Dementia.Journal of the American Medical Directors AssociationIn older people with dementia, the person or relative saying they would be better off living elsewhere was the strongest factor associated with later residential care. Lower cognition, depression, and living alone raised risk.
• PTOTRNSystematic ReviewChronic Illness and Fatigue in Older Individuals: A Systematic Review.Rehabilitation nursing : the official journal of the Association of Rehabilitation NursesFatigue in older adults with chronic illness was linked to depression, anxiety, poor sleep, lower activity, and social support. Some interventions, including exercise, rest, anemia treatment, and acetyl-L-carnitine, were linked to less fatigue, but evidence varied.
• OTRNSurvey2020Insomnia and Daily Function in Older Adults With Asthma.Journal of gerontological nursingIn older adults with asthma, insomnia alone was not linked to daily activity limits after adjustment. 40% had insomnia, and insomnia plus moderate to severe depressive symptoms was more likely to co-occur with limits.
• OTCohort2020Rapid Assessment at Hospital Admission of Mortality Risk From COVID-19: The Role of Functional Status.Journal of the American Medical Directors AssociationIn 375 hospitalized adults with COVID-19, lower everyday function at admission was linked to higher risk of dying in hospital, even after age and illnesses were considered.
• PTOTRNCohort2020Nursing Home Residents Face Severe Functional Limitation or Death After Hospitalization for Pneumonia.Journal of the American Medical Directors AssociationMost nursing home residents hospitalized for pneumonia had severe functional limitation or died within 60 days. Among those without severe prior ADL limitations, 66.3% had this outcome. Discuss likely decline before hospitalizing.
• OTRNQualitative2021Exploring the impact of endometriosis on women's lives: A qualitative study in Iran.Nursing openIranian women with endometriosis described disabling pelvic pain, menstrual bleeding, marital strain, sexual pain, psychological distress, social isolation, and self-care strategies like heat and traditional remedies.
• PTOTRNCohort2021Mobility and Self-Care are Associated With Discharge to Community After Home Health for People With Dementia.Journal of the American Medical Directors AssociationIn home health, people with dementia had lower successful discharge to community: 71% versus 81% without dementia. Greater dependence in mobility or self-care was the strongest observed risk factor.
• OTRNOther2021Self-care related to the performance of occupational roles in patients under antineoplastic chemotherapy treatment.Revista latino-americana de enfermagemPatients with more interference from chemotherapy symptoms in daily life had higher self-care scores. Valuing the role of friend and volunteer also predicted better self-care. Worker and domestic roles showed the greatest performance loss.
• OTRNSurveyDisruptions in Care and Support for Homebound Adults in Home-Based Primary Care in New York City During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Home healthcare nowHomebound older adults in home-based primary care reported more difficulty accessing medical care, food, and paid caregivers during the pandemic. Black participants were more likely than White and Hispanic participants to report medical care access problems.
• OTSurveyThe Influence of Preparedness, Mutuality, and Self-efficacy on Home Care Workers' Contribution to Self-care in Heart Failure: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis.The Journal of cardiovascular nursingPreparedness was linked to greater self-efficacy, and self-efficacy was linked to more reported help from home care workers with heart failure self-care. Worker-patient closeness was directly linked to more reported help. These are associations, not proof training changes care.
• OTRNSurvey2021A cross-sectional study of readiness for discharge, chronic illness resources and postdischarge outcomes in patients with diabetic foot ulcer.Nursing open24.02% of diabetic foot patients reported low discharge readiness, and coping at home scored lowest. Self-care ability and chronic illness resources were associated with readiness, but readiness did not differ between those readmitted and not readmitted within 30 days.
• PTOTRNRCT2022Effects of comprehensive intervention on life quality among the elderly with Alzheimer Disease and their caregivers based on mixed models.Nursing openThe main patient quality-of-life score did not differ significantly between groups after six months. Caregiver burden and care ability improved more with the added team-based care package.
• OTRNSurveySelf-Care Capacity and Its Relationship to Age, Disability, and Perceived Well-Being in Medicare Beneficiaries.Nursing researchMedicare beneficiaries with worse daily self-care, limited social activity, or depressive symptoms were more likely to see their health as poor or worry about it. Clinicians can ask about these when patients report poor health or worry.
• PTOTSystematic Review2021Home/community-based interventions to improve function in persons with mild cognitive impairment/early dementia.Geriatric nursing (New York, N.Y.)In older adults with mild cognitive impairment or early dementia, only some home/community programmes improved daily or instrumental activities. Physical activity alone did not improve these outcomes, and many studies did not measure them.