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Paediatrics research

Everything we have read on paediatrics. Each paper is summarised from the full article rather than its abstract, so the limitations are in there too, and the funding wherever the paper declares it.

2,466 PAPERS · PAGE 7 OF 50 · NEWEST FIRST

• OTOther2018The effect of fine motor skills on handwriting legibility in preschool age children.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn 52 preschoolers, better fine motor precision and faster in-hand manipulation were linked to more legible Korean alphabet writing. Fine motor precision was the strongest link, reported at sixty percent. This is association, not proof that training improves handwriting.
• PTOTSurvey2018Understanding frames: A UK survey of parents and professionals regarding the use of standing frames for children with cerebral palsy.Child: care, health and developmentMost UK clinicians prescribe standing frames for children with cerebral palsy from experience, not guidance. Parents reported daily use was achieved by 18% and 30 to 60 minute use by 52%. Benefits were perceived, not proven; space, funding, discomfort and support needs limited use.
• OTCase Series2018The impact of group occupational therapy using a cueing system on executive function of preschool-aged children with brain lesions.Journal of physical therapy scienceAfter weekly occupational therapy with a graded cueing system, six preschool children with brain lesions improved on every executive function rating measure. Because there was no control group, the change cannot be separated from normal development.
• OTSLPOther2017Developmental Screening in Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease: Disease-Related Risk and Screening Outcomes in 4 Year Olds.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBPIn 77 four-year-olds, higher-risk sickle cell genotypes had lower language scores and more positive screens. Among higher-risk children, those with abnormal stroke-risk tests also had lower language scores and more positive screens.
• OTCohort2018Brief Report: Executive Function as a Predictor of Academic Achievement in School-Aged Children with ASD.Journal of autism and developmental disordersIn 32 children with ASD, better spatial reversal at age 6 was linked to higher math scores at age 9, not spelling or word reading. At age 9, spatial reversal did not predict math scores once nonverbal and spatial abilities were considered.
• PTOTMeta-Analysis2017A Systematic Review of Exercise Systematic Reviews in the Cancer Literature (2005-2017).PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationSupervised moderate to vigorous exercise generally improved fatigue, fitness and function in adults with cancer, according to 51 reviews. Exact dose and long-term effects remain unclear.
• OTSLPSystematic Review2018Parents Suggest Which Indicators of Progress and Outcomes Should be Measured in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disordersParents of young children with autism valued measuring happiness, anxiety, sensory discomfort, distress, aggression, sleep problems and parent stress, not only core social communication symptoms. They wanted assessments to capture daily living and family impact.
• PTOTSLPCohort2017Behavioral Markers of Emergent Stranger Anxiety in Infants and Toddlers with Fragile X Syndrome.Journal of autism and developmental disordersInfants with Fragile X showed less facial fear than controls. Within the group, stable distress vocalizations linked to later social withdrawal, while lower escape behaviors linked to higher autistic symptoms. These markers did not predict general anxiety.
• OTSLPRCT2017Effect of Caregiver Training on the Neurodevelopment of HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children and Caregiver Mental Health: A Ugandan Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBPCaregiver cognitive-stimulation training did not improve overall child development compared with health and nutrition training. All children received nutrition support. It worsened reported executive function problems and caregiver depression.
• OTSLPCohort2017Autism Spectrum Disorders and Low Mental Age: Diagnostic Stability and Developmental Outcomes in Early Childhood.Journal of autism and developmental disordersVery young children with autism and language and reasoning below 12 months kept an autism diagnosis, but made far less progress in communication, play, and daily skills than other autism groups.
• OTNarrative Review2018Neurophysiological mechanisms and functional impact of mirror movements in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy.Developmental medicine and child neurologyMirror movements in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy may reflect abnormal wiring from the uninjured side of the brain to both hands. They are linked to poorer hand use, but these links do not prove cause or predict therapy response.
• OTOther2017Caregiver Input to Optimize the Design of a Pediatric Care Planning Guide for Rehabilitation: Descriptive Study.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologiesCaregivers of young children mostly completed a phone care-planning guide: 22 of 25 set a goal and 24 of 25 identified strategies, but only 12 of 25 linked the steps into a full plan. This is feasibility, not evidence that the guide improves participation.
• OTSLPCohort2017Academic Achievement Deficits and Their Neuropsychological Correlates in Children Born Extremely Preterm.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBPAt school age, children born extremely preterm whose IQ scores were above the impaired range had more low math scores than low reading scores. Language and naming speed tracked reading. Working memory, inhibition and visual skills tracked math.
• PTOTCase Series2017Cognitive functioning over 2 years after intracerebral hemorrhage in school-aged children.Developmental medicine and child neurologyMotor function improved after childhood intracerebral hemorrhage, and some reasoning skills reached average range, but working memory stayed low and processing speed lagged peers. Motor recovery may mask cognitive needs, so plan serial cognitive testing.
• OTRCT2018Use of Mental Health Services by Adolescents After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationAfter moderate to severe TBI, mental health service use stayed low and stable. The online family problem-solving program with counselor support did not change use compared with online TBI resources, and less than half of impaired adolescents received services.
• OTCase-Control2018Altered task-related modulation of long-range connectivity in children with autism.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchDuring a tool-use pantomime task, children with autism showed increased long-range parietal brain connectivity from rest. Controls showed decreased connectivity. The pattern was opposite to the expected decrease. The other tested band showed no group difference. This does not yet change practice.
• PTOTSLPOther2018A scoping review of the needs of children and other family members after a child's traumatic injury.Clinical rehabilitationAfter traumatic injury in children, families and children often struggled to get information, emotional help, and school or community support. Four studies identified needs for physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy and audiology, but evidence on measuring needs was absent.
• OTCohort2017The effects of optimism, religion, and hope on mood and anxiety disorders in women with the FMR1 premutation.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDRIn mothers with the FMR1 premutation who had a child with fragile X syndrome, higher optimism was linked to lower lifetime depression and lower anxiety over time. Religious participation related to fragile X was linked to higher lifetime depression. Hope showed no clear link.
• OTSLPCase-Control2018Association Between Air Pollution Exposure, Cognitive and Adaptive Function, and ASD Severity Among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disordersHigher nitrogen dioxide exposure during pregnancy and the first year was linked to lower cognitive and adaptive scores in children with autism. It was not linked to autism severity. It is not proof pollution caused the deficits.
• OTSLPSurvey2018Latent Class Analysis of ADHD Neurodevelopmental and Mental Health Comorbidities.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBPAmong 2,495 children with current parent-reported ADHD, 61.3% had another diagnosed condition. Four groups emerged: low comorbidity, internalizing disorders, developmental disorders, and high comorbidity, with different school-service patterns.
• OTCohort2017Do Children Who Sustain Traumatic Brain Injury in Early Childhood Need and Receive Academic Services 7 Years After Injury?Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBPYears after preschool TBI, many children with potential need for school services were not receiving them. Severe TBI had the highest need, but moderate TBI showed high unmet need, and behavior or executive concerns were less likely to trigger services than IQ or achievement scores.
• PTOTCohort2017Less-Affected Hand Function in Children With Hemiparetic Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Comparison Study With Typically Developing Peers.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairChildren with hemiparetic cerebral palsy took 21.4 seconds longer on hand function tests with their less-affected hand compared to typical peers. This subtle deficit suggests therapists should assess and treat the less-affected hand, not just the weaker one.
• OTCohort2017Bowel management and continence in adults with spina bifida: Results from the National Spina Bifida Patient Registry 2009-15.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicineBowel continence was reported by 58.3% of adults with spina bifida in a national registry, with higher rates in less severe non-MMC forms. Employment was the only factor still linked to continence after other factors were considered.
• OTCase-Control2018Injuries in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Study to Explore Early Development (SEED).Journal of autism and developmental disordersCompared with typically developing children, young children with autism were not more likely to have had an injury needing medical care. Compared with children with other developmental delays, autism was linked to a higher chance of having had any medically-attended injury.
• OTRCT2018Parent Stress in a Randomized Clinical Trial of Atomoxetine and Parent Training for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disordersParent stress dropped in all four groups, whether they got medication, parent training, both, or placebo. Treatment type did not determine the amount of stress reduction. Parents whose children improved clinically reported the largest decreases in their own stress.
• PTOTCase Report2017Effects of interactive metronome training on timing, attention, working memory, and processing speed in children with ADHD: a case study of two children.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn two children with ADHD, interactive metronome training was followed by faster timing and higher attention scores, but one child showed no working-memory change. It is a case report, not proof the training works.
• OTCohort2018Medication use by adolescents and adults with fragile X syndrome.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDRMost adolescents and adults with fragile X syndrome took psychotropic medication, and use stayed stable over three years. Higher autism symptoms, behaviour problems, mental health diagnoses and family income were associated with greater psychotropic medication use.
• PTOTSLPCohort2017Clinical phenotype of ASD-associated DYRK1A haploinsufficiency.Molecular autismDYRK1A disruptions were associated with microcephaly, speech delay, intellectual impairment, motor and feeding problems, vision abnormalities, and ASD features. This pattern can guide assessment of speech, motor, feeding, vision, and adaptive needs.
• OTSurvey2018Caregiver Burden Varies by Sensory Subtypes and Sensory Dimension Scores of Children with Autism.Journal of autism and developmental disordersCaregiver health-related quality of life was not associated with child sensory subtype or sensory profile measures. Caregiver strain was higher for children in the generalized sensory difference subtype or with greater multisensory integration difficulties than for children in adaptive or taste/smell sensitive subtypes.
• OTCohort2017Early Behavioral Risks of Childhood and Adolescent Daytime Urinary Incontinence and Nocturnal Enuresis.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBPEarly difficult temperament and childhood behavior problems were linked to later bedwetting and daytime wetting, but not consistently across ages or outcomes.
• OTSLPQualitative2018Challenges and Successful Pedagogical Strategies: Experiences from Six Swedish Students with Blindness and Autism in Different School Settings.Journal of autism and developmental disordersStudents with blindness and autism described confusion from fast, visually based instructions and noise. Teachers and parents reported calm, small, highly structured settings and using students' interests as helpful. No tested intervention was shown to work.
• PTOTSLPCohort2018The impact of developmental coordination disorder on educational achievement in secondary school.Research in developmental disabilitiesTeenagers classified with DCD at 7-8 achieved fewer GCSE exams than peers: 39% reached 5 or more passes versus 70% controls. Once reading, social communication and hyperactivity/inattention were taken into account, DCD alone was not clearly linked to lower GCSE attainment.
• PTOTSLPCase Series2017Prospective investigation of FOXP1 syndrome.Molecular autismChildren with FOXP1 mutations had delayed speech and language, motor and visual-motor deficits, and universal dysarthria. Expressive language tested better than receptive. Early PT, SLP, and OT were recommended, not tested.
• PTOTOther2018Comparing motor performance, praxis, coordination, and interpersonal synchrony between children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).Research in developmental disabilitiesChildren with autism showed lower gross and fine motor scores, more errors copying movements, slower movements, and poorer synchrony with a partner than typically developing children, in both higher and lower IQ groups among 24 children with autism and 12 typically developing children.
• OTSLPOther2018Sensory Sensitivity and Food Selectivity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disordersIn children with ASD, Atypical oral sensory sensitivity was associated with more food refusal (48.2% vs 33.2%) and lower vegetable variety (4.2 vs 8.6). Atypical oral over-sensitivity was associated with more food refusal (52% vs 25%) and lower fruit and vegetable variety.
• OTQualitative2018Understanding parents' concerns about their children with autism taking public school transportation in Los Angeles County.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceParents of children with autism described school bus rides becoming unsafe when substitute drivers and aides did not know their children by name. The children were briefly lost, and trust in school transport broke, even though families still valued the bus for independence.
• OTOther2018The Relationship Between Hand Function and Overlapping Motor Representations of the Hands in the Contralesional Hemisphere in Unilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairThe size and excitability of the affected hand motor map were not related to hand function in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy. Overlap with the less-affected hand motor map was related. This is a mapping finding, not evidence that therapy works.
• OTSLPCohort2018Parent and Teacher Concordance of Child Outcomes for Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disordersParents and teachers often disagreed about children with autism. Parents rated adaptive skills higher, but reported more social withdrawal and better social communication than teachers. Agreement was moderate, varied by domain, and depended on cognitive ability.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2018Views of teenage children about the effects of a Parent's mobility disability.Disability and health journalTeens with mobility-disabled parents described mixed feelings, not just burden. Some felt closer or more mature, while others faced fear and isolation during hospitalizations. Support needs varied by whether the parent’s disability was stable or progressing.
• OTSystematic Review2018Patient-reported outcome measures for young people with developmental disabilities: incorporation of design features to reduce cognitive demands.Developmental medicine and child neurologyThe six self-report measures for young people with developmental disabilities varied in design features that reduce cognitive demands. Many had complex wording, unclear visuals, or few supports, so scores from them may not be fully trustworthy.
• OTSLPCohort2018The Association Between Child and Family Characteristics and the Mental Health and Wellbeing of Caregivers of Children with Autism in Mid-Childhood.Journal of autism and developmental disorders48% of caregivers of children with autism aged 8 to 12 met criteria for mental health difficulties, and wellbeing was lower than expected. Child behaviour problems, poor daily living skills and intellectual disability were linked to distress; core autism symptoms were not.
• PTOTSLPCohort2018Long-term behavioural outcomes after paediatric convulsive status epilepticus: a population-based cohort study.Developmental medicine and child neurologyChildren who had convulsive status epilepticus, even without epilepsy, showed more behavioural problems than peers. Screening should not stop at seizure control, as many issues go undetected. Those with lower IQ or prior seizures were at highest risk.
• OTCohort2018Intergenerational Consequences: Women's Experiences of Discrimination in Pregnancy Predict Infant Social-Emotional Development at 6 Months and 1 Year.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBPMothers who reported more everyday discrimination during pregnancy had infants with greater separation anxiety and negative emotionality at six months and one year. This link was not explained by the mother's distress, suggesting discrimination itself may directly affect infant development.
• OTSLPCohort2018Autistic Symptoms in Children and Adolescents with Gender Dysphoria.Journal of autism and developmental disordersChildren and adolescents with gender dysphoria show more autistic traits than peers but fewer than those diagnosed with autism. Traits were elevated across all domains, not just rigidity. Screening for autism is warranted, but questionnaire scores do not equal a diagnosis.
• OTSLPOther2018In Search of Culturally Appropriate Autism Interventions: Perspectives of Latino Caregivers.Journal of autism and developmental disordersLatino Spanish-speaking caregivers wanted therapists to teach them directly, use Spanish, and offer practical strategies like prompting and modeling. Surveys showed few group differences, but focus groups revealed stigma, mixed messages and unmet home-support needs.
• OTSLPNarrative Review2018Focus on the Social Aspect of Autism.Journal of autism and developmental disordersIn US children, autism is reported in 14.6 per 1000; most are identified after age 4, and families face high care costs and lost income. Social communication differences are the defining clinical feature.
• PTOTSLPCase Report2017Early development of infants with neurofibromatosis type 1: a case series.Molecular autismAt 10 months, ten infants with NF1 showed motor and communication delays; social engagement and temperament appeared typical. This small series cannot guide treatment.
• OTSLPSystematic Review2018How do Parents Manage Irritability, Challenging Behaviour, Non-Compliance and Anxiety in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders? A Meta-Synthesis.Journal of autism and developmental disordersParents of children with autism often manage challenging behaviour by changing the environment and routine rather than the child. Strategies included avoiding triggers, giving in to demands to prevent meltdowns, and constant supervision. This reflects high family burden, not proven efficacy.
• PTOTOther2018The Tyneside Pegboard Test: development, validation, and observations in unilateral cerebral palsy.Developmental medicine and child neurologyThe Tyneside Pegboard Test measures bimanual coordination separately from hand speed. In children with unilateral cerebral palsy, bimanual scores correlate with affected-hand function, while dominant-hand speed does not. This test identifies coordination deficits that single-hand assessments miss.
• OTSLPSurvey2018Parents' Use of Complementary Health Approaches for Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disorders44.9% of surveyed children with autism used complementary health approaches. Parents were more likely to use them for younger children, when they believed autism had major life consequences, in Denver or Portland, and when medication was also used.