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Paediatrics research

Everything we have read on paediatrics. Each paper is summarised from the full article rather than its abstract, so the limitations are in there too, and the funding wherever the paper declares it.

2,466 PAPERS · PAGE 3 OF 50 · NEWEST FIRST

• OTQualitative2025'I don't want him to always be so far behind': Parental perceptions of child independence in the context of extreme prematurity; a qualitative study.Journal of child health care : for professionals working with children in the hospital and communityParents of extremely preterm adolescents split into three groups: those trusting their child will succeed, those expecting indefinite care, and those working hard to force independence. Intensive parenting persisted when parents feared their child would fall behind peers.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2025Practices for promoting a child's best interests in paediatric rehabilitation - Perspectives of professionals and parents.Journal of child health care : for professionals working with children in the hospital and communityParents and rehabilitation professionals described promoting a child's best interests as jointly planning around the child's daily life, letting the child influence goals and activities, and avoiding separate, overlapping goals.
• PTOTSLPPilot2026The Use of Biased Language in the Care of Seriously Ill Children: A Pilot Study.The American journal of hospice & palliative careIn 63 charts of seriously ill children, no demographic link was found to biased language. However, stigmatizing words appeared in 46% of records, often copied forward. Clinicians should replace subjective labels with objective descriptions of behavior or barriers.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2026Parental Goals of Care for Children With Rare Diseases: A Content Analysis of Pediatric Advance Care Planning Conversations.The American journal of hospice & palliative careParents of children with rare diseases prioritized stability and quality of life over longevity or cure. Only 20% wanted a cure, while 87% sought minimal change. Clinicians should ask about daily goals, not just resuscitation status.
• OTCohort2025School Connectedness Boosts Mental Health in Indigenous Adolescents With Adverse Childhood Experiences: Mediation Analysis of a Longitudinal Study in Australia.The Journal of school healthIn Indigenous adolescents, feeling connected to school was linked to both adverse childhood experiences and anxiety/depression, and it appeared to link them in public but not private/Catholic schools. Adverse childhood experiences alone were not directly linked to anxiety/depression.
• PTOTRNCohort2026How Often Are Hospitalised Children Physically Restrained During Painful and Stressful Procedures?Journal of clinical nursingPhysical restraint was observed in 22.3% of 1210 procedures in stable hospitalised children, rising to 32.9% during painful ones. Restraint clustered on airway suctioning, tube insertion and nasal lavage, and was most likely in infants and children crying or in distress.
• OTSurvey2025Role of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Intersecting Identities on Adolescents' School Engagement in the United States.The Journal of school healthAdolescents with no reported childhood adversities had higher school engagement than those with multiple high-risk adversities. Engagement also varied by gender and race/ethnicity. This survey does not test treatment.
• PTOTQualitative2026A qualitative exploration of child, caregiver, and clinician perspectives on mental health in children with osteogenesis imperfecta.Journal of child health care : for professionals working with children in the hospital and communityChildren with osteogenesis imperfecta, their caregivers and clinicians described frequent worry about fractures, low mood from functional limits, isolation and stigma. Support and mental health referrals were seen as helpful, but access was often poor.
• OTQualitative2025Caregivers' Experiences Taking Care of Children and Teenagers With Autism Spectrum Disorders During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Thailand: A Qualitative Approach.Journal of child and adolescent psychiatric nursing : official publication of the Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nurses, IncFifteen Thai caregivers of children and teenagers with autism described lockdowns as followed by social withdrawal, self-stimulation, snacking and screen time. They described taking over developmental and daily-care training and feeling stress. Some relied on local volunteers for medicine and food.
• OTRNQualitative2026Structural Resilience Across the Life Course: Perspectives From Older Adults Racialized as Black.Journal of advanced nursingOlder adults racialized as Black described community and societal resources such as schools, healthcare, housing, and community groups as safeguarding, empowering, or restoring them across life. Financial support, home modifications, and hospice care were part of these accounts.
• OTSLPOther2025Missed Opportunities in Pediatric Feeding Clinic: A Multivariate Analysis.Journal of pediatric health care : official publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates & Practitioners30.2% of first scheduled pediatric feeding clinic appointments for children aged 4 or less were missed. Longer scheduling lead time, prior missed visits, marginalized population, and no prescription medication use were associated with nonattendance.
• OTRNQualitative2026Older Adults' Self-Care and Family Caregiver Contribution in Multiple Chronic Conditions: A Dyadic Qualitative Study.Journal of advanced nursingIn 34 older adult and family caregiver dyads managing multiple chronic conditions, older adults prioritised symptoms that limited daily life, while caregivers prioritised diseases with complications. Self-care roles and decisions often differed.
• PTOTSLPRNCohort2025Family Functioning and Parent Behavioural Changes Post-Admission to the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Single-Centre Cohort Study.Nursing in critical careMost families maintained healthy functioning after PICU discharge, but caregiver distress strongly predicted poor outcomes. Nurses should screen for caregiver PTSD and mental illness during follow-up, as these affect family cohesion more than the child's clinical severity.
• OTCohort2026Assessing Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury and Health-Related Quality of Life in Three Eastern European Countries.Journal of pediatric health care : official publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates & PractitionersAt discharge after pediatric traumatic brain injury, 30.6% of children aged 4-18 in Georgia and Moldova reported pain/discomfort and 23.8% reported usual-activity problems. Older children reported lower self-rated health.
• PTOTSLPRNSystematic Review2025Care strategies for children with tracheostomy at school: a scoping review.Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da U S PChildren with tracheostomies can attend mainstream schools if the setting provides trained staff, emergency plans, and adapted logistics. Three care models rely on close coordination between families, schools, and healthcare services to ensure safety.
• OTQualitative2026Tracking Secondary School Students: A Qualitative Investigation of an Online Student Monitoring System With Parent Portal.The Journal of school healthStudents, parents and teachers described a school monitoring portal as helpful for tracking work but also stressful: late grade alerts, less student responsibility, and parent conflicts. It reports perceptions, not proof that limiting access improves outcomes.
• OTSurvey2026Can Peer Victimization Invalidate the Positive Effect of Emotional Intelligence on Adolescents' Health-Related Quality of Life?The Journal of school healthAmong 1343 adolescents, higher emotional intelligence was linked to better psychological well-being and peer support. Very high peer victimization weakened the link with peer support, but not psychological well-being.
• OTRNSurvey2026Dignity Among Older Persons in Long-Term Care Institutions in Taiwan and Related Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study.The journal of nursing research : JNR48.9% of 188 older residents in southern Taiwan long-term care institutions reported low dignity. Fewer or no children, lower daily living independence, inability to walk, higher education, and depression were associated with low dignity.
• OTSLPRNOther2026Psychometric Properties of the Children With Cerebral Palsy (7-18 Years Old) Self-Care Skills Scale-Parent Form: A Turkish Validity and Reliability Study.Nursing openParents of Turkish children with cerebral palsy aged 7-18 can rate 19 self-care items, from feeding to communicating needs. Scores tracked gross motor levels and stayed similar over 2 weeks, but there is no cutoff for low or high.
• OTSurvey2026Understanding Multi-Victimization: Identifying Socioecological Supports Among Adolescents.The Journal of school healthTransgender and gender-diverse students reported more victimization and less family, peer, food, and housing support than cisgender peers. Across all students, more support was linked to fewer victimization types, but the study cannot show support caused it.
• OTCohort2026School Readiness, Learning Challenges, and Lifestyle Changes Among Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic.The Journal of school healthChildren with early school readiness vulnerability had more pandemic learning difficulties and lower teacher-rated achievement two years later, but not more negative lifestyle changes; watch learning difficulties, not lifestyle alone.
• OTSystematic Review2026Cumulative Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and School Outcomes During Adolescence: A Scoping Review.The Journal of school healthIn 24 US studies, 22 found cumulative adverse childhood experiences linked with poorer adolescent school engagement, attendance, grades, suspension and dropout. This is association evidence, not proof that any intervention improves these outcomes.
• OTRCT2022Beyond group differences: Exploring the preliminary signals of target engagement of an executive function training for autistic children.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchAutistic children in the computer executive function training plus metacognitive coaching and caregiver check-in group showed faster lab-based stop-signal reaction time than waitlist children only when ADHD features were clinically significant. Anxiety did not change who benefited, and brain changes did not explain parent-reported outcomes.
• OTSurvey2026Factors of family-centered care associated with state anxiety in parents of children and adolescents with disabilities.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesParents who already tend to feel anxious were more likely to feel anxious now. Parents who said they received specific information about their child and used more care facilities reported less current anxiety. These are links, not proof of benefit.
• PTOTRCT2026Development of virtual reality in the upper extremities function in children with Cerebral Palsy. A pilot randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationVirtual reality training did not significantly improve upper-extremity range of motion or motor function versus conventional therapy in 42 children with cerebral palsy. A younger 10 to 12 year subgroup showed better self-reported manual ability.
• PTOTOther2026Topological data analysis of postural sway: characterizing balance control during childhood development.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationYounger children show more complex, oscillatory sway patterns than adults. Removing vision increased sway size but not its structural complexity, while standing on one leg increased both. These topological markers track balance maturation in healthy children.
• OTOther2026The Influence of Sensory Processing on Executive Function in Young Autistic Children.Journal of autism and developmental disordersIn young autistic children, more sensory seeking and less responding to input were linked with greater caregiver-reported executive function difficulties, especially working memory, even after anxiety and ADHD were considered.
• OTSLPRCT2026The Effect of Online Parent Training With and Without Coaching Support on the Well-Being of Families of Children With Neurodisabilities: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchCoached online parent training improved family communication scores more than self-directed training or a resource website. Self-directed training showed some benefits over control but not consistently. Effects were small and seen only in families who completed most of the program.
• PTOTQualitative2026Let us tell you how to train us! experiences of children and youth with the Wheelchair Skills Training Program and their preferences for training delivery: a descriptive qualitative study.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesChildren and youth using manual wheelchairs liked the Wheelchair Skills Training Program when it matched their goals, used playful practice, and built a supportive trainer relationship. They wanted flexible settings, timing, and dosage. These are experiences and preferences, not evidence that the program works.
• PTOTPilot2026Delivering Virtual Group Interventions for Youth With Persisting Symptoms After Concussion (Move&Connect-Youth) and Their Caregivers (Move&Connect-Caregivers): Fidelity and Engagement Evaluation.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologiesVirtual group concussion programs for youth and caregivers were mostly delivered as planned. Participants valued facilitator support and peer connection. Youth found exercises sometimes mismatched, and caregivers faced scheduling and material-access barriers. No clinical outcome results are reported here.
• OTSLPOther2026Autism in neurofibromatosis type 1: prevalence, phenotype and clinical implications.Molecular autismIn children with neurofibromatosis type 1, 28.1% met autism criteria and 51.5% had clinically significant autistic traits. Boys and girls were equally affected. Those below the autism threshold had similar functional difficulties, so supports may be needed without a diagnosis.
• OTSLPCase-Control2026Cortical Network Overconnectivity Relates to Sensory, Cognitive, and Social Dimensions in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchStronger alpha brain network connections in children with autism were linked to differences in cognition, sensory processing and social behaviour. The connections involved attention and sensory networks.
• OTQualitative2026Securing Educational Support for Children With Rare Genetic Conditions: Mothers' Experiences and Impacts on the Family.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDRSixteen mothers described securing school support for children with rare genetic conditions as a years-long fight that caused massive stress, changed work, strained relationships, and some were prescribed medication for stress, anxiety and low mood.
• OTCohort2026Sleep in Young Children With Autism, ADHD and Combined Presentations.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchCaregiver reports did not show different sleep patterns over time between children later diagnosed with autism, ADHD, both, or no diagnosis. Toddlers with diagnoses had more problems in some sleep areas, especially parasomnias and perceived sleep duration.
• OTSLPOther2026Adaptive Functioning, Sensory Processing, and Behavioral Problems in Autistic Children: The Moderating Role of Gender.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchIn autistic children similar in age and intelligence, girls had more behavioral problems and weaker everyday communication, while boys had more sensory difficulties. Everyday skills were linked to behavior in girls, but not boys.
• OTSLPCohort2026Through Parents' Eyes: Perspectives on Child Development and Family Experience During ESDM Intervention.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchParents reported child progress across communication, play, daily living, and social domains, plus improved parenting skills and family well-being during six months of intensive therapist-delivered ESDM plus weekly parent coaching. Parental anxiety decreased; depression stayed stable.
• PTOTPilot2026Adjustable Pediatric Prosthetic Sockets to Accommodate Growth in Children and Adolescents With Limb Loss.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationChildren using an adjustable prosthesis reported better temperature regulation and adjustability than with their conventional devices. Gait speed and socket pressure were unchanged. Half preferred the adjustable socket, but running was often limited by the attached foot components.
• OTSLPOther2026Linking Emotion Dysregulation to Autistic Traits Across Neurodiverse Samples.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceCaregiver reports linked emotion dysregulation to social communication and repetitive behavior challenges in autistic and non-autistic youth. Autistic youth also had higher dysphoria and reactivity. The paper cannot show treating emotion problems improves these traits.
• OTCohort2026Heterogeneity of Response to Early Start Denver Model: Identifying Developmental Trajectories and Predictors of Cognitive Outcomes.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchOn average, 125 autistic children showed a 17-point developmental quotient increase after 2 years of ESDM, but responses split into three groups. Baseline adaptive skills and autism features were linked to later cognitive outcome.
• OTOther2026Turkish Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the Evaluation in Ayres Sensory Integration (EASI).Occupational therapy internationalExperts rated the Turkish EASI sensory integration test instructions clear and culturally appropriate, and nine children understood them. This adaptation is not evidence that the test measures what it should for Turkish children yet.
• OTCohort2026ICF Priorities and the Impact of Demographic Factors in a Paediatric Poststroke Population: An Observational Study.Child: care, health and developmentPriorities did not differ by sex, ethnicity or local deprivation. Post-stroke children and families most often raised everyday activities and participation. Body function and service concerns were more common in primary and high school.
• PTOTSLPOther2026Types of Screen Time and Developmental Outcomes Among Children Aged 0-6 Years in Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study.Child: care, health and developmentMore recreational screen time was linked with more suspected developmental delays in Thai children. Educational and communication-based screen time were linked with fewer language and personal-social delays in some analyses.
• PTOTSLPOther2016New version of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI-CAT): translation, cultural adaptation to Brazil and analyses of psychometric properties.Brazilian journal of physical therapyBrazilian parents understood the translated PEDI-CAT and rated it as describing daily function. Scores were stable after 7 to 15 days, but the children and youth had normal development.
• PTOTOther2016Effect of Segmental Trunk Support on Posture and Reaching in Children With Cerebral Palsy.Pediatric physical therapy : the official publication of the Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy AssociationSupporting the trunk at the ribs, not the pelvis, improved reaching for children with moderate CP. Severe CP required high axillary support for posture. Mild CP showed no benefit from any trunk support. Match the support height to the child's specific trunk control deficit.
• PTOTCase Report2016Feasibility and Effectiveness of a Novel Exoskeleton for an Infant With Arm Movement Impairments.Pediatric physical therapy : the official publication of the Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy AssociationA single infant with arthrogryposis contacted objects more at hip and chest while wearing a passive arm exoskeleton than without it, and some reaching improved without the device over time. This cannot prove the device caused the gains.
• PTOTSLPNarrative Review2016Measurement of physical activity in obese persons: how and why? A review.Journal of physical therapy scienceNo single method perfectly measures physical activity in obesity. Self-reports are cheap but often overestimated. Pedometers miss non-walking exercises. Accelerometers and heart rate monitors have specific blind spots. Combining sensors improves accuracy but adds cost and complexity.
• PTOTSurvey2016Evaluation of sensory processing abilities following stroke using the adolescent/adult sensory profile: implications for individualized intervention.Journal of physical therapy scienceStroke survivors mostly resembled healthy adults on sensory processing. They differed in low registration, sensation seeking, and sensation avoiding, not in sensory sensitivity. The profile describes patterns, not treatment effects.
• PTOTSLPRCT2016Effect of task-oriented training and high-variability practice on gross motor performance and activities of daily living in children with spastic diplegia.Journal of physical therapy scienceAdding task-oriented or high-variability practice to standard treatment improved gross motor skills and daily living independence in children with spastic diplegia. High-variability practice also improved cognition, while task-oriented training did not.
• OTOther2016The correlation between proprioception and handwriting legibility in children.Journal of physical therapy scienceBetter kinesthetic sense correlated with more legible handwriting, but elbow joint position sense did not. The study included only 19 right-handed children aged 9 to 10, so it cannot guide treatment decisions.
• PTOTCase Report2016Application of a tri-axial accelerometry-based portable motion recorder for the quantitative assessment of hippotherapy in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy.Journal of physical therapy scienceThree children and adolescents with cerebral palsy showed improved walking speed, step length, and balance control after two years of weekly hippotherapy. A portable motion recorder detected these gains immediately after sessions and over time. This small case series supports hippotherapy's potential benefits but cannot prove efficacy for the broader CP population.