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Paediatrics research

Everything we have read on paediatrics. Each paper is summarised from the full article rather than its abstract, so the limitations are in there too, and the funding wherever the paper declares it.

2,466 PAPERS · PAGE 12 OF 50 · NEWEST FIRST

• OTCohort2020Brief Report: Behavior Disorders and Social Skills in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Does IQ Matter?Journal of autism and developmental disordersMothers and teachers found no clear difference between adolescents with autism and intellectual disability and those with autism and higher IQ in behavior problems, social skills, or parent well-being.
• PTOTSLPCohort2020Changing Healthcare and School Needs in the First Year After Traumatic Brain Injury.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationUnmet or unrecognized health care needs were 22% at 3 months, with 13% unrecognized and 7% unmet at 12 months. Needs shifted from physical to cognitive and socioemotional, and combined health care or school need was 28% at 3 months and 24% at 12 months.
• PTOTPilot2019Bimanual Skill Learning after Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Brief Report.Developmental neurorehabilitationChildren and young adults with unilateral cerebral palsy got faster at a bimanual cup-stacking task over ten days of tDCS and bimanual training. Without a sham group, training alone may explain the improvement.
• OTOther2020Respiratory sinus arrhythmia, parenting, and externalizing behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceIn children with autism, a larger stress-related drop in heart-rate variability was linked to more behavior problems when parents were more negative, but fewer problems when parents were less negative. Resting heart-rate variability and positive parenting did not show these links.
• PTOTPilot2019Alexithymia in adolescents with and without chronic pain.Rehabilitation psychologyAdolescents with chronic pain reported greater difficulty identifying feelings than healthy peers, even when depressive and anxiety symptoms were similar. This difficulty was linked to more pain bothersomeness and interference with usual activities, not pain intensity.
• OTSurvey2019The Mediating Role of Parenting Stress in the Relations Between Parental Emotion Regulation and Parenting Behaviors in Chinese Families of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Dyadic Analysis.Journal of autism and developmental disordersIn Chinese families of children with autism, parents' own difficulty managing emotions was linked to their own higher stress and less warm, more controlling parenting. The analysis of couples did not find links to the other parent's stress or parenting, and no intervention was tested.
• OTCohort2019Participation in Social Roles of Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy: Exploring Accomplishment and Satisfaction.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationAdolescents with cerebral palsy reported difficulty in most social roles, but were generally satisfied. Accomplishment and satisfaction did not track together, so ask satisfaction separately rather than assuming it follows improved accomplishment.
• OTOther2019Interoception is Impaired in Children, But Not Adults, with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disordersChildren with autism spectrum disorder counted heartbeats less accurately than comparison children, while adults with autism spectrum disorder showed no such difference. This points to a childhood difference in sensing internal body signals that was not found in adulthood.
• PTOTSLPOther2020Generic preference-based health-related quality of life in children with neurodevelopmental disorders: a scoping review.Developmental medicine and child neurologyGeneric quality-of-life tools often miss key issues for children with neurodevelopmental disorders, like peer relations or school behaviour. Parents and children also report different scores. These tools should not be used alone to judge treatment success or resource allocation.
• OTSLPCohort2019Concurrent Social Communication Predictors of Expressive Language in Minimally Verbal Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disordersImitation ability was the strongest predictor of expressive language in minimally verbal autistic children and adolescents. Unlike in younger children, joint attention was not related to language. Diversity of play and non-verbal IQ were correlated with language but did not independently predict it.
• OTOther2019A Cross-Sectional Examination of the Internalization of Emotion Co-regulatory Support in Children with ASD.Journal of autism and developmental disordersOlder children with ASD showed more similar emotion dysregulation with and without a parent. Better parent support also related more strongly to less child dysregulation alone at older ages, but that link was only a trend.
• PTOTSLPCohort2019Use of Ages and Stages Questionnaires™ (ASQ) in a Navajo population: Comparison with the U.S. normative dataset.Child: care, health and developmentIn Navajo infants, ASQ-3 scores were lower than U.S. norms in several domains, especially around 10 months. Estimates suggested the screener identified more than 80% of delayed infants and correctly classified more than 85% of infants not at risk across 1 to 13 months.
• OTOther2019Gaining Insights into Aggressive Behaviour in Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Latent Profile Analysis.Journal of autism and developmental disordersIn 2079 children and adolescents with autism, two groups had higher aggression scores along with more anxiety, attention problems, hyperactivity and rigidity. Aggression appeared with both higher and lower IQ, so IQ alone did not separate those groups.
• PTOTSystematic Review2020Effects of upper extremity surgery on activities and participation of children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review.Developmental medicine and child neurologyChildren with cerebral palsy improved in hand use and perceived performance after upper extremity surgery, but evidence quality was very low. No improvements were found in speed or capacity. Surgeons cannot recommend this procedure based on current data.
• OTRCT2020Effectiveness of topical silicone gel and pressure garment therapy for burn scar prevention and management in children: a randomized controlled trial.Clinical rehabilitationAt six months itch was similar across groups in children but ultrasound scar thickness was greater in the combined silicone and pressure garment group than in the silicone alone group. Silicone alone and pressure alone did not differ.
• PTOTSystematic Review2020Long-term effects of selective dorsal rhizotomy in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review.Developmental medicine and child neurologySelective dorsal rhizotomy in children with cerebral palsy did not show better long-term function than routine therapy and orthopaedic care. Spasticity reduction often persisted, but some needed additional antispasticity treatment.
• OTSystematic Review2019Experiences of interventions aiming to improve the mental health and well-being of children and young people with a long-term physical condition: A systematic review and meta-ethnography.Child: care, health and developmentChildren with long-term physical conditions, families and staff valued interventions that were accessible, safe, peer-connected, everyday-life focused and confidence-building. These were themes, not proof interventions improve mental health.
• PTOTSLPCase-Control2020Subtle Motor Signs and Executive Functioning in Chronic Paediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Brief Report.Developmental neurorehabilitationChildren with chronic traumatic brain injury showed subtle motor deficits that correlated with executive function problems. A bedside motor exam may help flag which children need further cognitive testing.
• PTOTSLPCohort2020Health care service for families with children at early risk of developmental delay: an All Our Families cohort study.Developmental medicine and child neurologyChildren flagged as at risk for developmental delay did not use more health services than peers unless they received a formal diagnosis. The extra allied health costs were driven almost entirely by the diagnosed group, suggesting screening alone does not trigger service use.
• PTOTSLPCohort2020Impact of therapeutic hypothermia on infantile spasms: an observational cohort study.Developmental medicine and child neurologyTherapeutic hypothermia did not significantly reduce infantile spasms in severe HIE, though fewer treated infants developed them. HIE severity strongly predicted spasm risk. Outcomes remained poor with high mortality and developmental delay.
• PTOTSLPCohort2020Long-term cognitive outcomes in tuberous sclerosis complex.Developmental medicine and child neurologySeizures in the first two years, especially non-spasm types, predict lower IQ in children with tuberous sclerosis complex eight years later. Early seizure control appears critical for long-term intellectual outcomes, independent of socio-economic factors.
• OTCohort2020Paediatric motor phenotypes in early-onset ataxia, developmental coordination disorder, and central hypotonia.Developmental medicine and child neurologyBlinded neurologists recognized early-onset ataxia in 90% of children, but developmental coordination disorder in only 70% and central hypotonia in 40%. Mild ataxia and severe coordination disorder overlapped, so motor signs alone can be misleading.
• PTOTPilot2020Accelerating Motor Skill Acquisition for Bicycle Riding in Children with ASD: A Pilot Study.Journal of autism and developmental disordersNine of 15 children and adolescents with ASD rode independently after a camp package of graduated support cylinders, spotters, prompts, physical assistance, pairing, breaks, and practice progression; all improved, but no single part can be separated.
• PTOTRCT2019EMG-based vibro-tactile biofeedback training: effective learning accelerator for children and adolescents with dystonia? A pilot crossover trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationChildren with secondary dystonia showed improved arm movement coordination and muscle activation patterns when wearing a vibration biofeedback device during training. Children with primary dystonia improved with practice alone, and the device did not help them.
• OTCohort2019Early childhood predictors of global competence in adolescence for youth with typical development or intellectual disability.Research in developmental disabilitiesA single overall adolescent functioning pattern fit youth with typical development and intellectual disability. For typical development, early emotion dysregulation and negative parenting linked to lower functioning; for intellectual disability, negative parenting and maternal depression linked to lower functioning. Positive parenting was not linked.
• PTOTSLPCohort2020Early Intervention Service Intensity and Change in Children's Functional Capabilities.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationChildren receiving 2 or more hours of early intervention services per month showed greater gains in social-emotional and cognitive capabilities than those receiving less than 2 hours. Older children at entry also demonstrated larger functional improvements.
• OTOther2020Autism spectrum disorder polygenic scores are associated with every day executive function in children admitted for clinical assessment.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchChildren and adolescents referred for autism assessment with higher genetic risk for autism had more parent-reported everyday problems with behavior regulation. The genetic risk was not linked to other executive function or social difficulty scores.
• PTOTSLPCohort2020Development curves of communication and social interaction in individuals with cerebral palsy.Developmental medicine and child neurologyChildren and adults with cerebral palsy without intellectual disability reached communication and social skill levels comparable to typical development. Written communication lagged in childhood. With intellectual disability, final levels were lower and varied widely, especially at GMFCS level V.
• OTOther2020Sensory Abnormality and Quantitative Autism Traits in Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder in an Epidemiological Population.Journal of autism and developmental disordersParents reported sensory problems in 8.3% of 4397 children, and in 53.6% of 28 children with ASD. Auditory hypersensitivity was especially linked to higher autism screening scores, so ask about noise sensitivity in children with ASD or high scores.
• OTRCT2020Online Family Problem-Solving Therapy (F-PST) for Executive and Behavioral Dysfunction After Traumatic Brain Injury in Adolescents: A Randomized, Multicenter, Comparative Effectiveness Clinical Trial.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationThe three family problem-solving modes did not differ on parent- and adolescent-reported executive function and behavior scores. Parent-reported scores improved within online groups, especially self-guided online at 9 months.
• OTSLPCohort2019Toilet Training in Fragile X Syndrome.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBPToilet training in Fragile X syndrome is significantly delayed, with females training much earlier than males. Language level and autism diagnosis are the strongest predictors of delay. Males with autism and poor language skills may not achieve independent toileting until their mid-teens.
• PTOTSLPCase Report2019A Physical Therapy Intervention to Advance Cognitive and Motor Skills: A Single Subject Study of a Young Child With Cerebral Palsy.Pediatric physical therapy : the official publication of the Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy AssociationA single child with severe cerebral palsy showed faster gains in motor and problem-solving skills during a parent-led physical therapy intervention that combined sitting and reaching with cognitive play. The mother changed how she played, but the study cannot prove the therapy caused the improvement.
• PTOTSLPCohort2020Impact of Secondary ADHD on Long-Term Outcomes After Early Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationChildren who developed new attention problems years after a brain injury showed significantly worse behavior control and daily functioning in early adolescence. This risk was much higher than in children with orthopedic injuries who developed similar attention issues.
• OTCohort2020Children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Caregivers: Capturing Health-Related and Care-Related Quality of Life.Journal of autism and developmental disordersChildren with autism had lower health-related quality of life than Dutch peers, especially self-care, usual activities, and anxiety/depression. Primary caregivers' own health-related quality of life was not lower, but lower care-related quality of life was linked to their anxiety, pain, and child anxiety.
• OTSurvey2020Parenting Strategies Used by Parents of Children with ASD: Differential Links with Child Problem Behaviour.Journal of autism and developmental disordersParents of children with ASD who had more reactivity, noncompliance or demand avoidance reported using more accommodating strategies, such as changing demands and avoiding triggers. These links were measured at one time, so they do not show that accommodation causes problem behaviour.
• OTOther2020Dissociation in How Core Autism Features Relate to Interoceptive Dimensions: Evidence from Cardiac Awareness in Children.Journal of autism and developmental disordersIn autistic children, greater overall autism severity was linked to higher confidence on the heartbeat discrimination task and lower confidence on the heartbeat tracking task. This does not show causation.
• OTSLPQualitative2020Short Report: Social Perception of High School Students with ASD in Norway.Journal of autism and developmental disordersFive students with Asperger syndrome said inclusive high school could be a fresh start and a key place to practise social skills, after bullying or exclusion in junior high. Crowds were the most challenging social situation.
• OTSurvey2020Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) in Fragile X Syndrome.Journal of autism and developmental disordersParents rated quality of life in Fragile X syndrome highest for physical functioning and lowest for cognitive functioning. Better child school and cognitive functioning were linked to better caregiver and family quality of life.
• OTRCT2020Early Childhood Development Caregiver Training and Neurocognition of HIV-Exposed Ugandan Siblings.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBPCaregiver training aimed at a preschool child, with nutrition support for all children, did not show substantial cognitive benefit for older siblings. Some test gains did not hold when many outcomes were considered, and parent-reported behavior scores were worse in the training group.
• OTRCT2020Anatomical and Functional Characterization in Children With Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: An Atlas-Based Analysis.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairIn children with unilateral cerebral palsy, whole-brain anatomical patterns tracked hand function more closely than lesion type alone. Children with periventricular lesions had better hand function than children with middle cerebral artery lesions.
• PTOTRCT2020Relationship between changes in motor capacity and objectively measured motor performance in ambulatory children with spastic cerebral palsy.Child: care, health and developmentAfter 12 weeks of physiotherapy plus optional botulinum toxin, serial casting or ankle foot orthoses, changes in motor capacity did not go together with objectively measured motor performance. At 24 weeks, strength and walking speed gains went with less sedentary time.
• PTOTCohort2020Community-based participation of children with and without disabilities.Developmental medicine and child neurologyChildren with disabilities were less likely to get together with friends, join physical activities, or attend religious gatherings. They also took part in several of these activities less often, even after accounting for sex, income, and parental education.
• PTOTSLPCohort2019Psychiatric Symptoms: Prevalence, Co-occurrence, and Functioning Among Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns at Age 10 Years.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBPAbout 30% of 10-year-olds born extremely preterm screened positive for at least one psychiatric disorder. Co-occurrence was frequent, especially between internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Higher numbers of co-occurring disorders were linked to worse school, social, and physical functioning.
• PTOTOther2019The "subluxation" issue: an analysis of chiropractic clinic websites.Archives of physiotherapyNearly half of Alberta chiropractic clinic websites use the word "subluxation," and one-third present it as a theory causing nerve interference and organ dysfunction. Eight percent specifically market this concept for children, linking it to conditions like colic, ADHD, and asthma.
• OTSLPNarrative Review2020From Early Childhood to Adolescence: Lessons About Traumatic Brain Injury From the Ohio Head Injury Outcomes Study.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationChildren with early childhood TBI had lasting cognitive, language, behavior, and school difficulties, often unmet. Family stress, parenting, and genetics were related to outcomes. This review reports associations, not treatment effects.
• PTOTSLPSurvey2020Family-centred care in early intervention: Examining caregiver perceptions of family-centred care and early intervention service use intensity.Child: care, health and developmentParents rated respectful care and partnership highly but scored general information sharing lowest. Higher service intensity was linked to better perceptions of respectful care and partnership, but not to information exchange. Parents and providers did not agree on most care quality aspects.
• OTOther2020Social and Object Attention Is Influenced by Biological Sex and Toy Gender-Congruence in Children With and Without Autism.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchAutistic boys looked less at faces than typical boys, while autistic and typical girls did not differ. Children looked longer at toys matching their own sex, and at faces more when actor sex and toy gender mismatched.
• PTOTCohort2020Using accelerometry for measurement of motor behavior in children: Relationship of real-world movement to standardized evaluation.Research in developmental disabilitiesWrist accelerometers can objectively measure how much children with hemiparesis use their affected arm in daily life. The movement data correlated moderately with clinical test scores, suggesting this affordable tool can help screen for asymmetry and guide therapy intensity.
• OTSLPSurvey2020The Profiles and Correlates of Psychopathology in Adolescents and Adults with Williams, Fragile X and Prader-Willi Syndromes.Journal of autism and developmental disordersIn Williams syndrome, current health problems and auditory sensory difficulties predicted higher emotional disturbance, while in Prader-Willi syndrome poorer adaptive skills predicted more psychopathology. In Fragile X syndrome, none of these factors predicted mental health difficulties.
• OTSLPOther2020Examining the Treatment Efficacy of PEERS in Japan: Improving Social Skills Among Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disordersAdolescents with autism who did 14 weeks of PEERS combining social-skills sessions, parent coaching, and homework showed greater improvement than waiting peers on social-skills knowledge and parent-reported adaptive socialization. Parent-reported autistic traits improved in treated adolescents, but not all outcomes changed.