Bimanual Skill Learning after Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Brief Report.
Samuel T Nemanich, Tonya L Rich, Andrew M Gordon and 2 others
PMID 30943373WHAT IT FOUND
Children and young adults with unilateral cerebral palsy got faster at a bimanual cup-stacking task over ten days of tDCS and bimanual training.
Without a sham group, training alone may explain the improvement.
Key findings
01Time to complete the modified Speed Stacks task improved significantly over the repeated assessments (χ² = 25.2, p < 0.001).
02Average change in hand function did not reach significance: AHA mean change 4 logits (p = 0.07), Box-and-Blocks mean change 1 block (p = 0.74).
03With no sham tDCS group, the bimanual training component alone could explain the improvement in the bimanual task.
STILL TO COME
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What it does not show
Only eight participants completed all sessions, so the result is a small brief report and may not apply broadly. There was no sham or control group, so bimanual training alone could explain the faster cup-stacking time. The paper states 120 total minutes of bimanual motor training but also describes 20 minutes of concurrent tDCS in each of ten sessions, so the actual dose is unclear. All participants had contralateral motor responses from both hemispheres, a pattern associated with less upper-limb impairment, so children without this connectivity may respond differently. The main positive result was task completion time; variability, AHA, and Box-and-Blocks changes did not reach significance. Post testing occurred only within one week, so longer-term retention is not reported. Differences between baseline assessments neared significance, so repeated testing may have influenced the post-test comparison.
The easy way to misread this
Do not conclude that tDCS made children learn the bimanual task faster. All participants received real stimulation and bimanual training together, with no sham group, so the training alone could explain the improvement.