Early childhood predictors of global competence in adolescence for youth with typical development or intellectual disability.
Christine T Moody, Naomi V Rodas, Amanda N Norona and 3 others
PMID 31499378WHAT IT FOUND
A single overall adolescent functioning pattern fit youth with typical development and intellectual disability.
For typical development, early emotion dysregulation and negative parenting linked to lower functioning; for intellectual disability, negative parenting and maternal depression linked to lower functioning. Positive parenting was not linked.
Key findings
01A single overall adolescent functioning pattern, made of mental health, social, and academic functioning, fit youth with typical development and intellectual disability.
02For youth with typical development, higher early emotion dysregulation and more negative parenting were associated with lower later overall functioning, while maternal depression and family income were not.
03For youth with intellectual disability, more negative parenting and higher maternal depressive symptoms were associated with lower later overall functioning, while early emotion dysregulation was not.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for OTs
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What it does not show
The sample was moderate (N = 246) given the complexity of the model. The study cannot explain what the shared overall functioning pattern represents. It cannot show whether early childhood is uniquely important or reflects a family trajectory. Future research is needed to test whether changing these predictors improves adolescent competence. Positive parenting was removed from the final model because its path did not approach significance, and the measure may not have captured the full construct. Nine children changed group status between age 5 and age 13, but age 5 classification was used. TD families had higher income than ID families, so income was included as a covariate.
The easy way to misread this
Do not read these links as evidence that changing emotion regulation, parenting, or maternal depression will improve adolescent competence. The study used longitudinal data and tested no intervention.