TOPIC

Neurological research

Everything we have read on neurological. Each paper is summarised from the full article rather than its abstract, so the limitations are in there too, and the funding wherever the paper declares it.

3,875 PAPERS · PAGE 17 OF 78 · NEWEST FIRST

• PTOTSLPCohort2019Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Spinal Cord Injuries: A Population-Based Study.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationMothers with spinal cord injury, paralysis, or spina bifida faced high risks of infection, blood clots, and preterm birth. Infants were often born early or small. However, these babies did not have higher rates of hospitalization or death in their first two years compared to other infants.
• PTOther2019Locomotion and cadence detection using a single trunk-fixed accelerometer: validity for children with cerebral palsy in daily life-like conditions.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationA single accelerometer on the chest or lower back accurately detects walking and estimates cadence in children with cerebral palsy. Accuracy drops for GMFCS levels II-III, especially on the chest, and is most reliable for walking periods lasting at least 20 seconds.
• PTOTSLPRCT2019Ergometer cycling improves the ambulatory function and cardiovascular fitness of stroke patients-a randomized controlled trial.Journal of physical therapy scienceAdding ergometer cycling to standard physiotherapy improved walking speed, endurance, and blood pressure in sub-acute stroke patients compared to physiotherapy alone. The cycling group walked faster and covered more distance, but the study was small and short.
• PTOTOther2019Actigraph assessment for measuring upper limb activity in unilateral cerebral palsy.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationWrist sensors used during play separated children with unilateral cerebral palsy from typically developing peers, and greater hand difficulty showed greater asymmetry. This supports actigraphy as an objective measure of arm use.
• PTNarrative Review2019Are Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technologies Crucial to Our Understanding of Spinal Conditions?The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapyThis is a clinical commentary on magnetic resonance imaging research for spinal conditions. It has no original results, so it does not tell therapists what to change.
• PTOTSystematic Review2019Interventions to improve upper limb function for children with bilateral cerebral palsy: a systematic review.Developmental medicine and child neurologyEvidence on upper limb treatments for children with bilateral cerebral palsy is limited and mixed. Some programmes showed gains, but most studies were small, low quality, and combined occupational or physical therapy, so no single treatment can be recommended confidently.
• PTOTCohort2018Stratification of stroke rehabilitation: Five-year profiles of functional outcomes.Hong Kong physiotherapy journal : official publication of the Hong Kong Physiotherapy Association Limited = Wu li chih liaoStroke rehab patients admitted who needed help or supervision to walk showed the biggest daily mobility and self-care gains. Those unable to sit, sitting but not walking, or already independent gained less per day. Admission walking level indicated likely discharge mobility.
• PTOTSLPCohort2019Comorbid Conditions Among Adults 50 Years and Older With Traumatic Brain Injury: Examining Associations With Demographics, Healthcare Utilization, Institutionalization, and 1-Year Outcomes.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationOlder adults with TBI and acute hospital complications had longer stays and higher rehospitalization rates. Those with chronic disease burdens also faced higher rehospitalization risks. Substance abuse clusters were linked to institutionalization but not 1-year functional outcomes. These patterns highlight distinct risk profiles for discharge planning.
• PTOTCohort2019Relationship between walking efficiency and muscular strength of the lower limbs in children with cerebral palsy.Journal of physical therapy scienceFor children with cerebral palsy who walk inefficiently, stronger leg muscles linked to better walking efficiency. For those already walking efficiently, muscle strength showed no link to efficiency. Check a child's current walking efficiency before prescribing strength training.
• PTRCT2019Novel gait training alters functional brain connectivity during walking in chronic stroke patients: a randomized controlled pilot trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationWalking speed and temporal symmetry improved more with turning treadmill plus ambulation than regular treadmill plus ambulation in chronic stroke. Gamma brain-to-muscle connectivity also increased. This was a small pilot.
• PTOTCohort2019Mortality due to cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and cancer in adults with cerebral palsy.Developmental medicine and child neurologyAdults with cerebral palsy in England died at higher rates from respiratory and circulatory diseases than the general population. Respiratory deaths were most elevated. Cancer mortality was not significantly higher. These findings highlight a need for vigilance regarding heart and lung health in this group.
• PTOther2019Cognitive-motor interference in post-stroke individuals and healthy adults under different cognitive load and task prioritization conditions.Journal of physical therapy scienceWhen stroke survivors and healthy adults walked while counting backwards, higher counting difficulty and instructions to focus on counting made walking slower and take more steps. Their counting accuracy did not show the same clear decline.
• PTCohort2019MRS and DTI evidence of progressive posterior cingulate cortex and corpus callosum injury in the hyper-acute phase after Traumatic Brain Injury.Brain injuryMRI scans within 24 hours of traumatic brain injury showed metabolic disruption in the posterior cingulate cortex and white matter damage in the corpus callosum. These changes progressed over the first week and correlated with short-term clinical outcome, suggesting early markers of secondary injury.
• PTOther2019Applying LDA-based pattern recognition to predict isometric shoulder and elbow torque generation in individuals with chronic stroke with moderate to severe motor impairment.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationFor 20 of 29 people with chronic stroke, a sensor measuring arm forces identified intended shoulder and elbow effort above 90%. Errors clustered between adduction and internal rotation, and abduction and external rotation.
• PTOTRCT2019Boosting robot-assisted rehabilitation of stroke hemiparesis by individualized selection of upper limb movements - a pilot study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationThe group comparison of selected versus standard upper-limb movement training before adjusting for baseline scores was not significant. After accounting for baseline scores, the group trained on selected movements had an adjusted change of 4.42 versus 2.12 Fugl-Meyer points, but other outcomes were null.
• PTOther2019Associations between impairments and activity limitations components of the international classification of functioning and the gross motor function and subtypes of children with cerebral palsy.Journal of physical therapy scienceChildren with more limited gross motor function had more impairments and greater difficulty with transfers and mobility. Spastic quadriplegia and GMFCS level V were linked, while hemiplegia and lower levels walked more independently.
• PTOTOther2019Self-efficacy and Reach Performance in Individuals With Mild Motor Impairment Due to Stroke.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairConfidence for reaching was lower with the more affected arm in 20 people with mild arm impairment after stroke and 6 controls. Confidence about accuracy tracked accuracy on reaches across the body; speed confidence did not track speed for the more affected arm.
• PTOther2019Effects of non-paretic arm movements during bridge exercises on trunk muscle activity in stroke patients.Journal of physical therapy scienceAdding non-paretic arm flexion or horizontal abduction to bridge exercises increased internal oblique and erector spinae activity in 18 stroke patients, especially on the paretic side. Rectus abdominis activity did not increase.
• PTCohort2019Muscle synergies demonstrate only minimal changes after treatment in cerebral palsy.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationAfter injections, nerve surgery, or orthopedic surgery, plus usual rehabilitation, children's muscle coordination patterns changed little. Small changes made the patterns less like typical walkers. Orthopedic surgery improved walking form, but walking speed decreased.
• PTOTSystematic Review2019Effects of Dopamine on Motor Recovery and Training in Adults and Children With Nonprogressive Neurological Injuries: A Systematic Review.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairEvidence for dopamine medication was mixed. Some levodopa stroke studies showed motor improvement, but evidence for traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injury was weak.
• PTRCT2019Immediate after-effects of robot-assisted gait with pelvic support or pelvic constraint on overground walking in healthy subjects.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationAfter robot walking with the pelvis constrained, healthy people took the first overground trial with less side-to-side pelvic movement and a narrower step width than after pelvic support. The change did not persist into later trials.
• PTOTRCT2019Myoelectric Computer Interface Training for Reducing Co-Activation and Enhancing Arm Movement in Chronic Stroke Survivors: A Randomized Trial.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairChronic stroke survivors using EMG computer arm training improved Fugl-Meyer arm scores by 3.3 points at 6 weeks, with gains at 10 weeks. No dose or movement versus isometric training was clearly better, and there was no control group.
• PTOTCohort2019Relationships between gait variability and ambulatory activity post stroke.Topics in stroke rehabilitationStroke survivors who showed more variable step timing when walking in a busy lobby took fewer daily steps and had shorter walking bouts. This link was absent when they walked in a quiet hallway, suggesting clinic tests may miss real-world activity predictors.
• PTOTMeta-Analysis2019Sensory retraining of the leg after stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical rehabilitationInterventions aimed at leg sensory retraining after stroke improved leg sensation and balance in pooled studies, but gait speed did not improve. The evidence came from small, low-quality trials, so it is not enough to change routine care by itself.
• PTRCT2019Does severity of motor impairment affect reactive adaptation and fall-risk in chronic stroke survivors?Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationIn a lab, people with chronic stroke improved reactive balance after repeated slip-like perturbations, with fewer falls and better stability. Those with greater leg impairment adapted at lower perturbation intensity, and gains were still present after 3 weeks.
• PTOTRCT2019A suite of automated tools to quantify hand and wrist motor function after cervical spinal cord injury.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationA new set of hand and wrist measurement tools reliably quantified muscle force deficits in people with cervical spinal cord injury, matching scores from standard clinical exams. The tools distinguish impaired strength from preserved movement range, offering a precise way to track recovery over time.
• PTOTSLPCohort2019The Effect of Frailty on Discharge Location for Medicare Beneficiaries After Acute Stroke.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationFrail Medicare patients were less likely to go to inpatient rehab than non-frail patients with similar stroke severity. They were instead sent to skilled nursing facilities or home. This suggests pre-stroke frailty, not just stroke severity, drives discharge location.
• PTOTRCT2019Dynamic Lycra® orthoses as an adjunct to arm rehabilitation after stroke: a single-blind, two-arm parallel group, randomized controlled feasibility trial.Clinical rehabilitationNo clear benefit was seen when adding dynamic Lycra orthoses to usual arm rehabilitation after stroke. The usual-care group showed more improvement on several arm outcomes, and wear was linked to skin, swelling and discomfort problems.
• PTOTRCT2019Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial to Address Balance Deficits After Traumatic Brain Injury.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationVirtual reality balance games were not better than traditional home exercise programs for people with chronic traumatic brain injury. Both groups improved similarly over 24 weeks, so neither approach is superior for treating balance deficits.
• PTOTSLPSurvey2019Technology-aided assessments of sensorimotor function: current use, barriers and future directions in the view of different stakeholders.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationClinicians and engineers agree that lack of time and high cost are the main barriers to using technology for assessments. They also cite difficulty interpreting results. Standardization is seen as the key step to make these tools useful in routine clinical practice.
• PTOTSLPRCT2019Elements virtual rehabilitation improves motor, cognitive, and functional outcomes in adult stroke: evidence from a randomized controlled pilot study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationIn 21 sub-acute stroke inpatients, adding Elements tabletop VR to usual occupational and physiotherapy produced larger gains on the Box and Blocks test, cognition screening, and self-rated daily function than usual therapy alone. Gains remained at one month. Small unblinded pilot.
• PTOTCase-Control2019Stepping characteristics during externally induced lateral reactive and voluntary steps in chronic stroke.Gait & postureStroke survivors initiated voluntary steps slower than controls but reacted to perturbations just as fast. They used smaller, medial steps to recover balance, likely because weak hip muscles make the more stable lateral steps too difficult to execute quickly.
• PTCohort2019Postdeployment Polytrauma Diagnoses Among Soldiers and Veterans Using the Veterans Health Affairs Polytrauma System of Care and Receipt of Opioids, Nonpharmacologic, and Mental Health Treatments.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationPost-deployment soldiers and veterans using VHA polytrauma care often had chronic pain (76.5%), PTSD (53.1%) or TBI (48.6%), frequently together; mental health treatment was common (83.8%), while opioid prescriptions (26.6%) and physical therapy-based care were less frequent.
• PTOther2019Deficits in tapping accuracy and variability in tremor patients.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationPeople with Parkinson’s disease tapped less accurately at 2 Hz and more variably at 4 Hz than people with essential tremor or healthy controls. These differences are not enough to use tapping as a clinical diagnostic test.
• PTOther2019Predictors of Walking Efficiency in Children With Cerebral Palsy: Lower-Body Joint Angles, Moments, and Power.Physical therapyIn adolescents with cerebral palsy, less knee and hip extension while walking was linked to higher oxygen cost. Age changed which joint angles mattered, but the tested variables did not independently predict walking efficiency.
• PTOTOther2019Quality of life after spinal cord injury in Thai individuals: A mixed-methods study.Hong Kong physiotherapy journal : official publication of the Hong Kong Physiotherapy Association Limited = Wu li chih liaoThai people with spinal cord injury had much lower physical health than Thai norms. Their vitality and social functioning were not lower. Interviews tied quality of life to paid work, personal assistants, accessible environments, stigma and self-advocacy.
• PTOther2019Assessment of backward walking unmasks mobility impairments in post-stroke community ambulators.Topics in stroke rehabilitationPost-stroke adults who were considered community ambulators on forward walking showed much larger problems walking backward: slower speed, shorter steps, reduced hip extension, and some slid their feet. Backward walking may reveal mobility problems missed by forward walking tests.
• PTOther2019Large-scale changes in cortical dynamics triggered by repetitive somatosensory electrical stimulation.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationRepetitive electrical stimulation of forelimb nerves changed motor cortex activity for 30 to 60 minutes in anesthetized rats. Many neurons altered firing, and more neurons locked to slow rhythms. This is a mechanism finding, not evidence that patients improve.
• PTOTSLPOther2019The influence of posture duration on hand tremor during tasks with attention-distraction in persons with Parkinson's disease.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationHand tremor intensity in Parkinson's disease increases significantly over a 30-second task, while it stays constant in healthy controls. Clinicians should record tremor for at least 30 seconds to capture this time-dependent amplification.
• PTOTCohort2019The items and level contributing to improve in less than 50 motor functional independence measure upon admission in the stroke recovery rehabilitation ward.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn stroke rehab patients starting below 50 independence points, gains were linked to bathing, lower-body dressing, bladder management and stairs. These are associations from routine records, not a tested treatment effect.
• PTOTRCT2019Long-Dose Intensive Therapy Is Necessary for Strong, Clinically Significant, Upper Limb Functional Gains and Retained Gains in Severe/Moderate Chronic Stroke.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairSevere/moderate chronic stroke survivors who received 300 hours of intensive upper-limb therapy improved coordination and function. Gains remained at 3 months, and functional task performance improved further.
• PTPilot2019Mechanics and energetics of post-stroke walking aided by a powered ankle exoskeleton with speed-adaptive myoelectric control.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationIn six people after stroke, a powered ankle exoskeleton did not reduce energy cost of walking. It raised paretic ankle and limb power at the tested speeds, but two participants had lower cost and four had higher cost.
• PTOTOther2019Chronicity of Stroke Does Not Affect Outcomes of Somatosensory Stimulation Paired With Task-Oriented Motor Training: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationTime since stroke did not predict how much arm movement improved after paired sensory stimulation and task training in adults 3 to 12 months after stroke. Both groups improved, and early versus later enrollment did not change the response.
• PTOTSLPRCT2019Walking to your right music: a randomized controlled trial on the novel use of treadmill plus music in Parkinson's disease.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationAdding rhythmic music to treadmill training improved gait quality, balance, and walking function more than treadmill training alone in people with Parkinson's. Both groups improved, but the music group showed greater gains in the primary gait assessment.
• PTQualitative2019Stroke Survivors' Perspectives on Post-Acute Rehabilitation Options, Goals, Satisfaction, and Transition to Home.Journal of neurologic physical therapy : JNPTMost of 18 stroke survivors said they were not involved in choosing their post-acute rehab facility. They wanted clearer information about insurance, services, and goals, but many still rated their rehabilitation experience positively.
• PTOTCohort2019Differential Poststroke Motor Recovery in an Arm Versus Hand Muscle in the Absence of Motor Evoked Potentials.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairAfter stroke, absent motor-evoked potentials did not always prevent elbow flexor contraction or strength recovery, but finger muscle contraction, strength, and standardized arm-hand movement scores remained impaired.
• PTRCT2019Distal versus proximal - an investigation on different supportive strategies by robots for upper limb rehabilitation after stroke: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationOn the main arm function score, EMG-driven robot, electrical stimulation, and task practice supporting fingers or wrist-elbow did not differ, though both improved upper limb function. Finger support had lower wrist and finger spasticity scores than sleeve support.
• PTCohort2019Long-term outcomes of semi-implantable functional electrical stimulation for central drop foot.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationWith semi-implantable peroneal stimulation on, patients with central drop foot walked faster than with stimulation off. Quality of life improved by 3 months and remained above baseline at 1 year. Changes in comfortable walking speed went with changes in quality of life.
• PTCohort2019Dynamic stability during walking in children with and without cerebral palsy.Gait & postureHigh-functioning children with CP did not show less anterior stability than controls during walking. They showed more lateral stability on the non-dominant limb, but this may not protect them from trips.
• PTOTOther2019Trading Symmetry for Energy Cost During Walking in Healthy Adults and Persons Poststroke.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairPeople walk asymmetrically if it saves energy. Stroke survivors changed gait symmetry when a controller made new patterns less costly, but they did not spontaneously prefer symmetric walking. This suggests rehabilitation must make desired movements energetically beneficial to be adopted.