THE INDEX

Every paper we have read

Each one summarised from the full article, not its abstract, and kept only if it speaks to physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech-language pathology or nursing. Newest first.

35,183 PAPERS · PAGE 589 OF 704 · NEWEST FIRST

• SLPOther2025The Childhood Autism Rating Scale Second Edition (CARS2) and Its Applicability in an Iranian Sample.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchThe CARS2 accurately identified autism in Iranian children, but the standard cut-off score missed many cases. Lowering the threshold to 27 for the standard version and 22 for the high-functioning version caught more autistic individuals, though it also flagged some children with intellectual disabilities as having autism.
• SLPOther2025Exploring the activation of target words in adults who stutter with and without conscious intention to speak: ERP evidence.Journal of communication disordersWhen adults who stutter named pictures, their brain response to matching spoken words was similar to fluent adults, but spread less widely. Without naming, both groups showed similar responses. This is a lab finding, not therapy evidence.
• PTOTQualitative2025Design Requirements for Cardiac Telerehabilitation Technologies Supporting Athlete Values: Qualitative Interview Study.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologiesAthletes with heart disease rejected generic cardiac rehab as too easy and impersonal. They wanted sport-specific intensity, hard data limits like max heart rate, and clinical validation of their wearables. They trusted face-to-face contact for safety but used remote monitoring for independence.
• OTCase-Control2025Trait mindfulness in adolescents with and without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.Research in developmental disabilitiesAdolescents with ADHD reported lower trait mindfulness than peers, particularly in 'acting with awareness.' This specific facet was the strongest predictor of ADHD symptoms, executive function deficits, and sleep problems, suggesting it may be a key target for future mindfulness-based interventions.
• PTOTNarrative Review2025Wearable sensors in paediatric neurology.Developmental medicine and child neurologyWearable sensors reliably track gait, activity, and physiological signs in children with neurological conditions, and one stride metric now guides Duchenne trials. Most other uses remain in feasibility testing. They supplement clinic assessments but do not yet replace them in routine care.
• SLPCohort2025The impact of pre-stroke formal education on language test performance in aphasic and non-aphasic stroke survivors.AphasiologyMore pre-stroke education was linked to slightly higher Comprehensive Aphasia Test scores in stroke survivors with and without aphasia. It did not predict better language recovery. Borderline scores should be interpreted in light of education.
• SLPCase Series2025Characterizing drug-induced stuttering in electronic health records.Journal of communication disorders22 possible drug-induced stuttering cases were found among 40 suspected records, most linked to antiseizure, stimulant, and antidepressant drugs. Sparse notes, no speech therapy referrals, and uncertain causality mean these are clues, not proof.
• PTQualitative2025Physiotherapists' User Acceptance of a Lower Limb Robotic Exoskeleton in Specialized Rehabilitation: Qualitative Exploratory Study.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologiesSeven physiotherapists described the exoskeleton as useful for specific patients but too time-consuming for routine use. They felt the setup and staffing demands outweighed the benefits, leading them to use it sparingly despite acknowledging its potential for neuroplasticity and safety.
• SLPCohort2024Resting-State Functional Connectivity Predicts Cochlear-Implant Speech Outcomes.Ear and hearingIn 23 cochlear-implant adults, resting brain-network connectivity measured with light tracked 12-month speech scores. Higher connectivity was linked to better speech understanding, beyond age and deafness duration.
• SLPOther2024Relationship Between Working Memory, Compression, and Beamformers in Ideal Conditions.Ear and hearingWorking memory did not predict speech recognition differences between fast and slow hearing aid compression in omnidirectional or beamformer modes. In a secondary analysis, better working memory was linked to a steeper increase as acoustic distortion decreased.
• PTCohort2024Let´s Swing it -The Interaction Between Participation-Related Shoulder Load and Pre-season Trunk Rotation Power on Shoulder Problems in Male Handball Players.International journal of sports physical therapyWeekly shoulder load predicted severity of shoulder problems, but pre-season trunk rotation power changed this link. Players with low trunk power reported higher severity as load increased, while those with high power reported lower severity. Pre-season external rotator strength correlated weakly with prevalence of problems.
• PTNarrative Review2024The Use of Diagnostic Musculoskeletal Ultrasound for the Evaluation of the Iliopsoas in the Anterior Hip: A Guide for Rehabilitation Providers.International journal of sports physical therapyNo patient outcomes are reported. This is a guide to ultrasound evaluation of the iliopsoas, not evidence that it improves diagnosis or care.
• SLPOther2024Clinical and audiological characteristics in adults with tinnitus in South Africa.The South African journal of communication disorders = Die Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir KommunikasieafwykingsIn South African adults reporting tinnitus, 78% of ears had hearing loss, mostly mild and sensorineural. Hypertension was the most common medical condition. Older adults had more bilateral tinnitus and worse hearing than younger adults. These profiles highlight the need for comprehensive audiological assessment.
• SLPPilot2024School-based hearing screening of first-grade students in Saudi Arabia: A pilot study.The South African journal of communication disorders = Die Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir KommunikasieafwykingsSchool screening found 26.3% of first-graders failed hearing tests, mostly at low frequencies or due to middle ear issues. However, parent and teacher questionnaires were poor predictors of these failures, missing most children with hearing loss.
• PTCohort2024Changes in Shoulder and Lumbar Injury Incidence in Swimmers After Physical Examination and Exercise Programs.International journal of sports physical therapyIn 31 male competitive swimmers, shoulder injury rates were 0.32 and 0.05 per 1,000 practice hours at the first examination and one year later; lumbar rates were 0.16 and 0.03. No control group means this cannot show the examination and exercises caused the change.
• PTPilot2024The Reliability and Validity of a Novel Clinical Test for Assessing Shoulder Rotation ROM in Collegiate Baseball Players: Functional Assessment of System Tension of the Shoulder (FAST-SHDR).International journal of sports physical therapyA new sport-specific shoulder test showed good reliability in baseball players. It measured much less rotation than standard supine tests, especially in the throwing arm. This suggests standard tests miss how trunk tension limits shoulder motion during throwing.
• PTNarrative Review2024Oh, My Quad: A Clinical Commentary And Evidence-Based Framework for the Rehabilitation of Quadriceps Size and Strength after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.International journal of sports physical therapyThis paper is a clinical commentary and framework, not a trial or systematic review. It gives exercise progression ideas for quadriceps recovery after ACL reconstruction, but reports no original outcomes.
• PTOTSLPSurvey2024Healthcare professionals' knowledge and practices in managing ototoxicity in children with cancer.The South African journal of communication disorders = Die Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir KommunikasieafwykingsMost clinicians knew ototoxicity causes hearing loss, but nearly three-quarters did not know how long monitoring should continue after chemotherapy ends. Knowledge gaps persisted despite acknowledging the need for an audiologist's role, suggesting a disconnect between recognizing the problem and executing the protocol.
• PTOTCohort2024Caregiver burden among informal caregivers of stroke survivors in Harare, Zimbabwe.The South African journal of physiotherapyCaregivers of stroke survivors reported higher strain when they were anxious, depressed, overwhelmed, or had adjusted work, and when survivors had poor physical, motor, or social outcomes. This reports associations, not proof that treatment reduces burden.
• PTQualitative2024The Patient-Physiotherapist Tango: a Personalized Approach to ACL Recovery - a Qualitative Interview Study.International journal of sports physical therapyPatients 8-12 months after ACL reconstruction described feeling most supported when their physiotherapist adapted exercises to their needs and set goals together. They valued a friendly, communicative alliance where they were actively involved in decisions.
• Narrative Review2025Closed-loop rehabilitation of upper-limb dyskinesia after stroke: from natural motion to neuronal microfluidics.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationThis paper proposes a future system where sensors, robots, and lab-on-a-chip technology work together to adapt stroke rehabilitation in real time. It describes the theoretical links between these technologies but reports no clinical trial results or patient outcomes.
• PTRCT2025Can virtual reality replace conventional vestibular rehabilitation tools in multisensory balance exercises for vestibular disorders? A non-inferiority study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationVR did not prove it works as well as conventional equipment for balance in vestibular rehab after three weeks. Patients tolerated VR, and both groups improved, but conventional tools should remain.
• PTOTOther2025Central Sensitivity Symptoms and Autistic Traits in Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchAutistic adults without a pain diagnosis reported central sensitization symptoms above clinical cut-offs. Adults with pain conditions reported autistic traits higher than controls. This overlap suggests clinicians should screen for both autism and central sensitization to avoid missing diagnoses.
• Other2025Expanding Research on Contextual Factors in Autism Research: What Took Us So Long?Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchNo finding to act on. This is a commentary about context in autism research, not a study.
• SLPSurvey2025Understanding the Association Between Neighborhood Resources and Trauma-Informed Care Among Providers Who Serve Autistic Youth.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchProviders in poorer neighborhoods screened autistic youth for trauma more often than those in wealthier areas. This suggests affluent settings may underestimate trauma risk. Screen all patients regardless of neighborhood wealth to avoid missing maltreatment or household dysfunction in high-opportunity areas.
• SLPCohort2025Atypical early neural responses to native and non-native language in infants at high likelihood for developing autism.Molecular autismInfants with a family history of autism showed weaker left temporal brain responses to speech and did not separate English from Japanese, unlike typical-likelihood infants. This is a research finding, not a diagnostic test.
• PTOTSLPRCT2025'I Did Not Know We Could Exercise This Small Premature Baby': Challenges Experienced by Parents While Implementing Early Intervention for Their Preterm Infants-A Qualitative Perspective.Child: care, health and developmentParents of preterm infants described struggling to perform home exercises due to fear of handling fragile babies, lack of awareness of early intervention, infant stress signs, time constraints and traditional gender roles where fathers avoided limb exercises.
• PTSystematic Review2025The comparative evidence of efficacy of non-invasive brain and nerve stimulation in diabetic neuropathy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationTENS was the only stimulation method associated with less pain than sham or standard care in diabetic neuropathy. Other brain and nerve methods did not show this benefit in the main analysis.
• PTOTSLPSurvey2025Exploring the Extent and Nature of Disordered Eating Among Canadian Adolescents and Young Adults With Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus.Child: care, health and developmentMost adolescents and young adults with spina bifida and hydrocephalus in this survey felt pressure to lose weight. This pressure came from clinicians and parents, but also from managing bowel function and mobility. Restricting food was common even when the goal was functional, not cosmetic.
• SLPRCT2025A mixed-methods pilot randomized control trial of ultrasound visual biofeedback versus standard intervention for children with cleft palate ± cleft lip: Parents' and children's perspectives.International journal of language & communication disordersFamilies found ultrasound biofeedback and standard articulation therapy equally acceptable and enjoyable. Ultrasound was liked for visualizing tongue movements, while standard therapy was liked for games. Travel was the main burden for both groups. This supports a larger trial but does not prove ultrasound works better.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2025Understanding Behavior Change in Clinical Practice Guideline Implementation: A Qualitative Study.Journal of neurologic physical therapy : JNPTTherapists said monthly team meetings with concrete audit feedback kept them on track. Patients said personalized handouts and therapists asking about home exercises boosted their adherence. Neither group liked rigid systems or text-message reminders that were too complex to use.
• OTOther2025Examining the Relation Between Sleep Problems and Behavioural Challenges in Youth With Down Syndrome.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDRParent-reported sleep problems over a typical week were linked with more outward and inward behaviour problems in youth with Down syndrome. Nightly sleep measured by a wrist device did not predict next-day behaviour. Treat sleep as a week-level association, not a same-day trigger.
• SLPQualitative2025Perspectives on goal setting: Video-reflexive ethnography with speech-language therapists and clients.International journal of language & communication disordersTherapists and clients described goal setting as a slow discovery process, not a one-off task. Clients often felt overwhelmed by jargon and unsure what a goal even is. Using plain language, visual aids, and giving time to think before deciding helped them feel heard and build trust.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2025Hospital experiences and medical traumatic stress in adults with spina bifida.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicineAdults with spina bifida described hospital stays as frightening due to feeling unheard, care delays, and providers lacking condition knowledge. They valued clear communication, family presence, and self-advocacy. These themes describe patient experiences and do not prove that specific interventions reduce traumatic stress.
• PTOTRCT2025A clinical trial evaluating feasibility and acceptability of a brain-computer interface for telerehabilitation in patients with stroke.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationSeven people with chronic stroke could use a home brain-computer interface with electrical arm stimulation under remote supervision. They rated setup and use as easy by the end, and six had higher arm motor scores, but this was a feasibility pilot.
• PTOTCohort2025Examination of Proprioceptive Reliance During Backward Walking in Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis.Journal of neurologic physical therapy : JNPTBackward walking speed in people with MS depended more heavily on foot sensation than forward walking did. Those who had fallen recently had worse sensation and walked slower backward. This suggests backward walking is a sensitive test for sensory-driven balance issues.
• SLPOther2025"What does 'often' even mean?" Revising and validating the Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory in partnership with autistic people.Molecular autismA revised autism trait questionnaire, co-designed by autistic people to remove stigmatising language and improve accessibility, showed strong reliability and validity in 1439 adults. It allows meaningful comparison of scores between male and female participants.
• PTSurvey2024Introduction of the 'Blue Card' Concussion Policy to Semi-Elite Australian Football: Medical Staff Experiences and Perceptions.International journal of sports physical therapyMost match-day medical staff in semi-elite Australian football did not support the 'blue-card' concussion rule, disagreeing that it helps identify concussions or assist diagnosis. Over two-thirds recommended against its continuation, citing a need for better pre-season concussion education.
• PTNarrative Review2024Neurocognitive and Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Techniques after ACL injury - Part 2: Maximizing Performance in the Advanced Return to Sport Phase.International journal of sports physical therapyAthletes often struggle to return to sport due to lingering neurocognitive deficits that standard strength tests miss. Integrating dual-task drills and reactive testing into advanced rehab phases may better prepare athletes for unpredictable game demands and reduce reinjury risk.
• PTSystematic Review2024Red flags for potential serious pathologies in people with neck pain: a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines.Archives of physiotherapyOnly 12 of 29 neck pain guidelines recommended red flags for serious pathology, and most red flags were based on reasoning rather than diagnostic accuracy. Use the Canadian C-spine rule for post-traumatic fractures; otherwise treat red flags cautiously.
• PTSurvey2024Prevalence, incidence and risk factors for rugby-related injuries: A survey of the Safari Sevens tournament.The South African journal of physiotherapy41.6% of male rugby sevens players at this tournament had a current injury, mostly lower-limb. Knee and ankle problems were common, and previous injury, surface, tackle contact, and oversize gear were linked with injury.
• SLPOther2024Prosodic Preferences of Surface Electromyography-based Subvocal Speech for People With Laryngectomy.Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice FoundationPeople with laryngectomy and their communication partners rated synthetic speech with continuous pitch mapping as more natural than electrolarynx speech. They prioritized sound quality and intelligibility over ease of use, suggesting future devices should focus on voice naturalness rather than just usability.
• SLPOther2024Touch Helps Hearing: Evidence From Continuous Audio-Tactile Stimulation.Ear and hearingContinuous tactile vibration on the arm, timed in phase with a sound's rhythm, lowered the threshold for detecting a tone in noise by less than 1 dB. This effect was small and did not appear in a loudness discrimination task.
• SLPOther2024Patient-Perceived Vocal Effort Immediately Following Voice Tasks in Adductor Laryngeal Dystonia (ADLD).Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice FoundationWhen patients with adductor laryngeal dystonia rated vocal effort immediately after a reading task, scores on a visual analog scale and the OMNI-VES were strongly related. However, these effort ratings showed only weak links to voice-related quality of life scores. Clinicians need to track both.
• PTOther2024Physiotherapists transgressions lodged at the Health Professions Council of South Africa between 2010 and 2020.The South African journal of physiotherapyThe most frequent physiotherapy misconduct reported to South Africa's HPCSA was charging for services not rendered, followed by inaccurate accounts and false claims. Clinicians should keep billing, consent, boundaries and advertising within professional rules.
• PTCohort2025Survey of changes in subjective symptoms among Japanese polio survivors over 10 years.Journal of rehabilitation medicineIn 65 Japanese polio survivors followed for a median 14 years, reported muscle atrophy rose from 34.5% to 94.8%, fatigue fell from 86.2% to 66.2%, and weakness worsened mainly in lower limbs and the poor upper limb.
• PTOTSLPProtocol2025Implementing psychosocial guidelines into specialized spinal cord injury rehabilitation services to strengthen person-centred health care: protocol for a mixed methods study.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesNo results yet. This paper describes a plan to introduce updated psychosocial guidelines to spinal cord injury teams in Australia. It outlines how researchers will measure whether staff adopt the guidelines, but reports no data on whether this improves patient care.
• OTSLPCohort2025Eye Tracking as a Tool for Detecting Alzheimer's Disease in People With Down Syndrome.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDREye tracking showed promise for detecting early Alzheimer's changes in adults with Down syndrome, including those with severe intellectual disability. Smaller eye movements and less attention to new images linked to older age and higher pathology. This method is feasible but needs larger trials to prove it works.
• PTOTSystematic Review2025Physical functions assessed by lower limb performance-based and self-reported outcome measures for knee musculoskeletal conditions: A scoping review.Brazilian journal of physical therapyMost knee function tests miss the mark for everyday life. Self-reported surveys cover many activities but are vague. Performance tests usually check just one thing, like jumping, and can't be combined into a single score. Clinicians must match the tool to the specific activity they want to measure.
• PTOTSystematic Review2025An overview of systematic reviews investigating clinical features for diagnosing neck pain and its associated disorders.The Journal of manual & manipulative therapyImaging findings often appear in healthy people and those with neck pain, so scans rarely pinpoint the specific mechanical cause. However, combining the extension-rotation test with manual assessment of joint stiffness and muscle tenderness provides moderate to high diagnostic validity for facetogenic pain.