PTOTNarrative ReviewDevelopmental medicine and child neurology2025

Wearable sensors in paediatric neurology.

Camila González Barral, Laurent Servais

PMID 39888848

WHAT IT FOUND

Wearable sensors reliably track gait, activity, and physiological signs in children with neurological conditions, and one stride metric now guides Duchenne trials.

Most other uses remain in feasibility testing. They supplement clinic assessments but do not yet replace them in routine care.

Key findings

01The review screened 209 titles and included 84 articles, but was not systematic because one person searched one database.

02In Duchenne muscular dystrophy, the stride velocity metric SV95C became the first digital outcome measure approved by a regulatory agency, used as a trial endpoint.

03Across conditions, most studies tested whether sensors are feasible or reliable rather than proving a sensor-based intervention improves patient outcomes.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for PTsWhat it means for OTs

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What it does not show

One person searched one database and selected papers, so relevant studies may have been missed and the review is not systematic. Eight shortlisted papers could not be retrieved. Many of the included studies had small numbers of participants and could not validate their results. Most studies were short recordings, sometimes just one day, which can be biased by a child's motivation or environment rather than reflecting typical function. Compliance issues such as discomfort, forgetting to wear devices, and signal loss affected data quality across many studies. Optical sensors like photoplethysmography performed less reliably in individuals with darker skin tones, raising equity concerns. The review reports what sensors measured in research studies, not whether using them changed patient outcomes or treatment decisions.

Declared interests

One author is employed by Sysnav, a company that makes a wearable sensor used in the reviewed studies. Another author has received consultancy fees from Roche, Biogen, PepGen, Dyne Therapeutics, WaveLife, and Sysnav in the context of digital outcome measures. The authors state the work received no specific funding.

The easy way to misread this

Do not read this as evidence that wearable sensors have changed routine paediatric care. The review itself states most work is still proving feasibility and reliability, and that more research is needed to show sensor-based interventions improve long-term patient outcomes. The one clear clinical shift is the regulatory approval of SV95C as a trial endpoint in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which does not mean sensors are validated diagnostic tools for your other patients.

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