THE INDEX

Every paper we have read

Each one summarised from the full article, not its abstract, and kept only if it speaks to physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech-language pathology or nursing. Newest first.

35,183 PAPERS · PAGE 384 OF 704 · NEWEST FIRST

• OTRCT2021Child- compared with parent-report ratings on psychosocial measures following a mild traumatic brain injury among youth with persistent post-concussion symptoms.Brain injuryYouth with persistent concussion symptoms reported more symptoms and better functioning than their parents did. Ratings often differed, especially by age and gender, so ask both for their views before planning care.
• PTPilot2021Does the Direction of Kinesiology Tape Application Influence Muscle Activation in Asymptomatic Individuals?International journal of sports physical therapyTaping direction made no difference to quadriceps muscle activity, strength, or jump performance in healthy young adults. One small hop distance change was not significant after adjusting for multiple tests and fell well below the detectable change threshold.
• PTOther2021Trunk Muscle Characteristics: Differences Between Sedentary Adults With and Without Unilateral Lower Limb Amputation.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationSedentary adults with one leg amputation had lower deep trunk muscle activity on the sound side, and more fat in back muscles after transtibial amputation. People with transfemoral amputation showed side-to-side trunk muscle differences.
• PTOther2021Crosswalking the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function, Pain Interference, and Pain Intensity Scores to the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire and the Oswestry Disability Index.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationPROMIS physical function and pain interference scores can be translated to and from ODI and Roland-Morris scores. Pain intensity translations were weak. The equations are preliminary and meant for comparing scores across studies.
• SLPNarrative Review2021Iconicity in Word Learning and Beyond: A Critical Review.Language and speechIconic words are easier to learn, but evidence that they help learn other words is weak. They also aid communication and expression in adults, so therapy should value them for clarity and affect, not just as learning shortcuts.
• SLPNarrative Review2021Deficits in musical rhythm perception in children with specific learning disabilities.NeuroRehabilitationChildren with dyslexia and other learning disabilities show deficits in rhythm perception and production, which correlate with reading accuracy and phonological skills. Rhythm-based interventions may enhance auditory processing and language development, offering a potentially enjoyable, low-stress therapeutic avenue.
• SLPOther2021Explicit and implicit self-esteem in youth with autism spectrum disorders.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceYouth with ASD had lower conscious self-esteem than peers, by themselves and parents, but automatic self-esteem was similar. In ASD, lower conscious self-esteem was associated with more depressive symptoms; lower automatic self-esteem with more externalizing symptoms.
• PTOther2021Patients Walking Faster After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Have More Gait Asymmetry.International journal of sports physical therapyAthletes who walked faster six months after ACLR had more gait asymmetry. The opposite knee bore more load, while the reconstructed knee did not, so faster walking alone may not improve symmetry.
• PTOTSLPCase Report2021Inter-Disciplinary Conservative Management of Bilateral Non-United Lumbar Pars Defects in a Junior Elite Golfer.International journal of sports physical therapyA 15-year-old golfer with bilateral lumbar pars fractures avoided surgery through a 12-month interdisciplinary exercise program. He returned to competitive golf and accepted a college scholarship, remaining asymptomatic 18 months post-intervention.
• PTOTSLPSurvey2021Impact of COVID-19 on services for people with disabilities and chronic health conditions.Disability and health journalPrivileged patients with disabilities reported frequent service discontinuations, leading to health declines and reliance on untrained family. Telehealth helped some but not others. Remote work benefits were noted, but the sample was small, white, and highly educated, limiting generalizability.
• PTCohort2021Individual Baseline Balance Assessments in a Large Sample of Incoming NCAA Division I Athletes Using a Force Plate System.International journal of sports physical therapyBaseline balance varies widely among healthy athletes. Female athletes and those in low-contact sports showed less sway than males and high-contact athletes. Using a single average for everyone risks missing real problems in athletes who normally have very steady balance.
• SLPOther2021Validation of the German Version of Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS-G) for Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES).DysphagiaThe German version of the Functional Oral Intake Scale showed high agreement between speech therapists and strong links to stroke disability and swallowing test scores. It is a reliable tool for documenting what patients can safely eat and drink after a stroke.
• PTCase Report2021The Utility of Neuromotor Retraining to Augment Manual Therapy and Vestibular Rehabilitation in a Patient with Post-Concussion Syndrome: A Case Report.International journal of sports physical therapyA 21-year-old male with chronic post-concussion syndrome reported complete resolution of dizziness, neck pain, and balance issues after eight physical therapy sessions. Headaches remained mild and infrequent. This single case does not prove the treatment works for others.
• RCT2021Effects of a structured counselling-based intervention to improve physical activity behaviour of adolescents and young adult cancer survivors - the randomized phase II Motivate AYA - MAYA trial.Clinical rehabilitationCounselling did not increase the number of young cancer survivors meeting vigorous activity guidelines compared to usual care. The trial stopped early and the control group was already very active, so the intervention was not shown to work.
• SLPOther2021Correlation of Temporal Parameters of Laryngeal Excursion by Using Force-Sensing Resistor Sensors with Hyoid Motion in Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study.DysphagiaForce-sensing resistor sensors on the neck tracked hyoid bone timing closely during swallowing in healthy adults. The sensors correlated strongly with video X-ray measurements, suggesting they could offer a radiation-free way to monitor swallowing timing in clinical settings.
• SLPCohort2021The Impact of Asymptomatic Congenital Cytomegalovirus on Adult Quality of Life.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBPAdults who had asymptomatic congenital CMV reported average life satisfaction similar to uninfected adults. Hearing loss did not lower scores, but only 14 had hearing loss.
• PTRCT2021Physical Therapy Use, Costs, and Value for Latent Classes of Good vs Poor Outcome in Patients Who Catastrophize About Their Pain Prior to Knee Arthroplasty.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationPatients who catastrophized about pain before knee arthroplasty and had poor outcomes used more PT, and PT costs were higher after 2 months. From 6 to 12 months, scores worsened despite about 8 visits, so continued PT had little value.
• PTOther2021Quadriceps Strength Influences Patient Function More Than Single Leg Forward Hop During Late-Stage ACL Rehabilitation.International journal of sports physical therapyDuring late ACL rehab, quadriceps strength symmetry and involved-limb strength tracked how patients rated their knee function better than single-leg hop distance. Hop tests alone may miss strength deficits that matter for return-to-sport decisions.
• SLPCohort2021Biomechanical Biomarkers of Tongue Impairment During Swallowing in Persons Diagnosed with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.DysphagiaIn 12 people with ALS, slower tongue movement during thin liquid swallows was strongly linked to aspiration risk. A tongue speed below 43.8 mm/s detected penetration or aspiration with 100% sensitivity. These biomechanical markers may help identify patients at high risk before clinical signs appear.
• SLPCohort2020Social attention to activities in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder: effects of context and age.Molecular autismChildren and adults with autism looked less at actors' heads and more at the shared activity than typically developing controls. Unlike toddlers with autism, they did not look more at background distractors, and their attention did not shift based on the actors' gaze direction.
• Cohort2020Interaction between Maternal Immune Activation and Antibiotic Use during Pregnancy and Child Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchSecond-trimester flu was linked to higher autism odds only in mothers who did not take antibiotics. No link appeared in mothers who did. This was a small, hypothesis-generating study; it does not prove antibiotics prevent autism or that flu causes it.
• Other2020Brain function distinguishes female carriers and non-carriers of familial risk for autism.Molecular autismPreviously proposed brain markers did not separate women with family history of autism from matched controls. Exploratory whole-brain tests found some differences in motion-processing regions, not the expected social motion signature.
• PTOTSLPCohort2020Intergenerational Effects of Maternal Childhood Experiences on Maternal Parenting and Infant Developmental Progress.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBPMothers who felt their own mothers were supportive were more likely to scaffold their infants. This scaffolding predicted better infant communication and problem-solving progress at 12 months. Adverse childhood experiences did not predict scaffolding, and maternal sensitivity did not predict developmental progress.
• PTOTSLPOther2021Ipsilateral Motor Pathways and Transcallosal Inhibition During Lower Limb Movement After Stroke.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairIn people with chronic stroke, the brain uses more ipsilateral pathways to the paretic leg during dynamic movement than during static holds. Transcallosal inhibition was also greater in the paretic leg. These neurophysiological changes did not correlate with walking speed or overall impairment.
• PTOTSLPCohort2021Persistent Symptoms and Disability After COVID-19 Hospitalization: Data From a Comprehensive Telerehabilitation Program.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationOne month after discharge, many older COVID-19 survivors reported persistent symptoms and disability. ICU patients had worse outcomes than ward patients, including higher rates of breathlessness, pain, and dependence in daily activities.
• SLPSurvey2021Attitudes Toward the Use of Voice-Assisted Technologies Among People With Parkinson Disease: Findings From a Web-Based Survey.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologiesMost surveyed people with Parkinson disease owned a voice assistant, and some reported it helped them speak more clearly, louder, or with less repetition. Others reported it misunderstood their speech or reduced confidence.
• SLPSystematic Review2021The Effect of Cranial Nerve Stimulation on Swallowing: A Systematic Review.DysphagiaCranial nerve stimulation cannot be recommended for swallowing problems. Evidence came only from tiny, low-quality studies; some showed aspiration or worse swallowing during vagal nerve stimulation, while tiny recurrent laryngeal nerve series reported less aspiration.
• Other2021"Rehabilitation Research Framework for Patients With COVID-19" Defined by Cochrane Rehabilitation and the World Health Organization Rehabilitation Programme.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationThirteen rehabilitation experts defined a framework for COVID-19 research. It categorizes studies by disability types, care phases, and system levels. This helps researchers map evidence gaps but does not provide clinical interventions or treatment guidelines.
• PTOther2021Reliability of the Tuck Jump Assessment Using Standardized Rater Training.International journal of sports physical therapyStandardized online training did not make Tuck Jump individual flaw scores reliable. Raters agreed moderately on total scores, but most individual jump flaws were scored inconsistently, so use total scores cautiously and avoid scoring each flaw alone.
• SLPCase-Control2021Pharyngeal Swallowing Pressures in Patients with Radiation-Associated Dysphagia.DysphagiaPatients with radiation-associated dysphagia had weaker and shorter-lasting pharyngeal muscle contractions than healthy controls. This suggests poor bolus clearance and higher aspiration risk, but the study was too small to prove a specific treatment effect.
• PTOTSLPOther2021Tracking Hyoid Bone Displacement During Swallowing Without Videofluoroscopy Using Machine Learning of Vibratory Signals.DysphagiaA neck sensor and machine learning located about half of the hyoid bone's position on each video frame during swallowing. It could also distinguish reduced from normal hyoid movement. This is a promising non-invasive screening tool, but it is not yet accurate enough to replace imaging for diagnosis or treatment monitoring.
• SLPCase-Control2021Reduced Proactive Control Processes Associated With Behavioral Response Inhibition Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorder.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchPeople with autism had more difficulty stopping eye movements when they had to wait and see, but reacted faster once they decided to stop. This suggests the issue is not a lack of ability to stop, but trouble preparing to hold back in uncertain situations.
• SLPOther2021A lexical advantage in four-year-old children's word repetition.Journal of child languageFour-year-olds repeated sounds more clearly inside real words than nonsense words. The gap was smaller when they knew more words. In speech assessment, nonsense word repetition should be read with receptive vocabulary.
• SLPCohort2021The role of socioeconomic and sociocultural predictors of Spanish and English proficiencies of young Latino children of immigrants.Journal of child languageSocioeconomic factors like poverty and parental education predicted English proficiency, while sociocultural factors like home language use and parent origin predicted Spanish proficiency. Maintaining Spanish at home or in preschool did not harm English development.
• PTCohort2021Relationship between gait profile score and clinical assessments of gait in post-stroke patients.Journal of rehabilitation medicineThe Gait Profile Score correlates with balance and walking ability in chronic stroke patients. Higher scores indicate worse gait. It predicts Berg Balance Scale scores, offering a 3D motion capture metric that aligns with clinical observations of stability and compensation.
• SLPPilot2021Pilot Study of Quantitative Methods for Differentiating Pharyngeal Swallowing Mechanics by Dysphagia Etiology.DysphagiaBoth kinematic analysis and CASM distinguished swallowing mechanics across four dysphagia etiologies. However, the study was a pilot with too few subjects to draw generalizable conclusions about clinical outcomes.
• SLPPilot2021Surface Electromyographic Biofeedback and the Effortful Swallow Exercise for Stroke-Related Dysphagia and in Healthy Ageing.DysphagiaAcute stroke participants could raise swallowing muscle activity during effortful swallows, and a screen showing muscle activity raised it further. Most said the screen helped and would use it regularly. This measured muscle activity, not whether swallowing improved.
• SLPSystematic Review2021Adverse event reporting in intervention research for young autistic children.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceMost autism intervention studies for young children do not monitor or report harms. Only 11 of 150 reports mentioned adverse events, and just 4 noted actual harm. Withdrawal reasons often revealed distress or family crises, while negative outcomes were rarely labelled as adverse effects.
• SLPPilot2021Tablet-Based Telerehabilitation Versus Conventional Face-to-Face Rehabilitation After Cochlear Implantation: Prospective Intervention Pilot Study.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologiesAdult cochlear implant users who had face-to-face therapy then tablet training improved on sentence-in-noise and speech tracking, but word and number tests and self-rated hearing did not change.
• SLPSurvey2021The Landscape of Videofluoroscopy in the UK: A Web-Based Survey.DysphagiaUK speech therapists often do not know the technical settings of their own videofluoroscopy clinics. Many use lower frame rates than recommended, and half do not use standardised assessment protocols, which risks inaccurate diagnosis of swallowing problems.
• PTSurvey2021Physical Therapists' Assessment of Patient Self-Efficacy for Home Exercise Programs.International journal of sports physical therapyA majority of surveyed physical therapists said self-efficacy matters for home exercise programs, but they usually judged it by talking or watching, not patient-reported scales, and those who did not assess often said they did not know how.
• PTOTSLPOther2021Descriptive Strength and Range of Motion in Youth Baseball Players.International journal of sports physical therapyYouth baseball players aged 5-12 already show shoulder adaptations similar to adults: greater external rotation and internal rotation strength in the throwing arm. However, total range of motion remains symmetrical between arms, suggesting these changes are normal development rather than immediate injury risk.
• Other2021Pupillary Responses Obey Emmert's Law and Co-vary with Autistic Traits.Journal of autism and developmental disordersPupil size changed with visual illusions, but this did not match what people said they saw. Higher autistic traits linked to smaller pupil changes, not different visual reports. This is a lab finding in healthy adults, not a clinical test.
• OTSLPSystematic Review2021Behavioural, psychiatric and psychosocial factors associated with aggressive behaviour in adults with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review and narrative analysis.Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARIDNo behavioural, psychiatric or psychosocial factor was consistently associated with aggression across 38 studies of adults with intellectual disabilities. Aggression types often co-occurred. Use individual functional assessment rather than assuming a diagnosis or skill deficit causes aggression.
• PTOther2021The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on diet, fitness, and sedentary behaviour of elite para-athletes.Disability and health journalReported training volume, training intensity and dietary intake did not change during the pandemic for elite para-cyclists and para-triathletes. Daily screen time rose from 4.5 to 6.1 hours.
• OTSLPOther2020White matter alterations in autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in relation to sensory profile.Molecular autismAdults with autism or ADHD showed similar brain white matter changes compared to controls. Sensory issues linked to these changes in the same way across all three groups. This suggests sensory difficulties may stem from shared brain mechanisms rather than being unique to autism.
• Other2020Imbalance of laminar-specific excitatory and inhibitory circuits of the orbitofrontal cortex in autism.Molecular autismA frontal brain region involved in social and emotional processing had fewer neurons and thinner, sparser excitatory axons in postmortem tissue from adults with autism, while three inhibitory neuron types did not differ in density. This is anatomy, not a therapy finding.
• SLPSystematic Review2020A Systematic Review of Tracheostomy Modifications and Swallowing in Adults.DysphagiaSwallowing outcomes after tracheostomy modifications are highly variable. Cuff deflation improved some physiology measures, but speaking valves and occlusion showed inconsistent results. Evidence is inconclusive, so do not expect a specific modification to reliably improve safety or function.
• SLPRCT2021Indirect White Matter Pathways Are Associated With Treated Naming Improvement in Aphasia.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairPeople with post-stroke aphasia improved their naming more after treatment if they had either direct or indirect white matter connections between key language areas. Indirect connections, which bypass damaged tissue, supported recovery just as well as direct ones, suggesting residual network integrity drives gains.
• PTOTSurvey2021Stakeholder Perspectives on Engaging With Cerebral Palsy Research Studies After Onset of COVID-19 in the United States.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationPeople with cerebral palsy and their caregivers are willing to join research sooner than they are to socialize, but parents wait longer than adults do for studies offering no direct benefit. Those with higher physical needs were the most cautious about returning to in-person research.