THE INDEX

Every paper we have read

Each one summarised from the full article, not its abstract, and kept only if it speaks to physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech-language pathology or nursing. Newest first.

35,183 PAPERS · PAGE 362 OF 704 · NEWEST FIRST

• SLPSurvey2020Gender identity, sexual orientation and adverse sexual experiences in autistic females.Molecular autismAutistic females were more likely than non-autistic females to report bisexual or homosexual orientation. Transgender identity did not clearly raise negative sexual experience risks within autism, but autistic homosexual females reported more regretted and unwanted sex.
• OTOther2020Physical activity level of kindergarten staff working with toddlers and older children in Norway.Work (Reading, Mass.)Most kindergarten staff met daily physical activity guidelines. Staff working with older children moved more overall and during leisure time. Staff working with toddlers moved more during work hours but were less active outside of work, relying on their job to meet guidelines.
• PTOTSLPOther2020Integument: Guidelines for the care of people with spina bifida.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicineExperts recommend daily skin checks for people with spina bifida, focusing on weight-bearing areas and insensate skin. Care plans vary by age, shifting from caregiver-led inspections in infants to self-management and pressure-relief routines in older children and adults.
• Other2020Transcriptional consequences of MBD5 disruption in mouse brain and CRISPR-derived neurons.Molecular autismMBD5 reduction alters gene expression differently in each brain region and cell type. There is no single shared pathway, meaning effects depend on the specific cellular context. This complicates finding a universal mechanism for 2q23.1 syndrome.
• PTOTCase-Control2020Evaluation of cervical spine muscles thickness in patients with cervical vertigo and healthy controls through ultrasonography.Journal of physical therapy sciencePatients with cervical vertigo had a thicker longus colli muscle than healthy controls, but no difference was found in other deep neck muscles. This suggests the deep neck flexors may be working harder to stabilize the spine in these patients.
• PTOTNarrative Review2020Virtual reality hand therapy: A new tool for nonopioid analgesia for acute procedural pain, hand rehabilitation, and VR embodiment therapy for phantom limb pain.Journal of hand therapy : official journal of the American Society of Hand TherapistsIn burn wound care and hand therapy, immersive VR reduced pain while patients stretched as far as without VR. Evidence is strongest for short-term procedural pain, not for chronic phantom limb pain.
• OTMeta-Analysis2020Non-pharmacological interventions for challenging behaviours of adults with intellectual disabilities: A meta-analysis.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDRNon-pharmacological interventions reduced challenging behaviours in adults with intellectual disabilities by a moderate amount, and these gains held up over follow-up periods of 3 to 18 months.
• OTQualitative2020Occupational Risks in Occupational Therapy Service Learning: A Single-Site "Fear Factor" Study in South Africa.Occupational therapy internationalSeventeen female occupational therapy students in South Africa reported fear of infection, musculoskeletal pain from transfers, and unsafe client behaviour during placements. Inconsistent infection control made them pull back; clear safety practices and support were described as helping them engage.
• OTOther2020Work-focused therapy for common mental disorders: A naturalistic study comparing an intervention group with a waitlist control group.Work (Reading, Mass.)Work-focused therapy combined with CBT or MCT helped more patients on sick leave return fully to work than waiting: 41.4% versus 26.3%. It also improved mood, anxiety and work confidence, but the groups were not randomised.
• SLPOther2020Impact of Aging and the Electrode-to-Neural Interface on Temporal Processing Ability in Cochlear-Implant Users: Gap Detection Thresholds.Trends in hearingIn cochlear implant users, higher stimulation rates significantly improved gap detection thresholds. Steeper neural response slopes predicted better gap detection in younger adults, but this association disappeared in middle-aged and older groups, likely because their neural slopes were uniformly shallow.
• PTOther2020Effects of flexi bar training model to health-related physical fitness in overweight adults.Journal of physical therapy science40 overweight adults trained 12 weeks. Flexi-bar vibration and moderate running both improved fitness. Flexi-bar showed larger gains in several upper-body strength measures, sit-up endurance, and basal metabolic rate.
• SLPRCT2020Effect of (Mis)Matched Compression Speed on Speech Recognition in Bimodal Listeners.Trends in hearingMatching compression settings between a cochlear implant and hearing aid did not improve speech recognition in quiet or noise. Both experimental configurations outperformed the participants' own devices, suggesting that re-fitting with standard clinical rules may offer more benefit than complex matching algorithms.
• PTPilot2020Effects of physical therapy on blood pressure in daily clinical practice-a pilot study.Journal of physical therapy scienceAfter a getting-up therapy session combining range-of-motion exercise, strength training, standing-up training, and walking training, systolic blood pressure rose from 127.7 mmHg to 139.1 mmHg in 23 hospitalized patients. Resting pulse rate predicted the rise, and age and body weight predicted an exaggerated rise.
• Case-Control2020DNA Methylation Associated with Mitochondrial Dysfunction in a South African Autism Spectrum Disorder Cohort.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchSouth African children with autism showed altered DNA methylation in genes controlling mitochondrial energy production. Urine tests revealed elevated organic acids linked to respiratory chain defects. These findings suggest mitochondrial dysfunction is a biological feature in this cohort, though no treatment was tested.
• SLPOther2020A Danish Sentence Corpus for Assessing Speech Recognition in Noise in School-Age Children.Trends in hearingSix new Danish sentence lists allow reliable speech-in-noise testing for children aged 6 to 12. Four other lists are better suited for practice because they are slightly harder. The material is ready for research but needs age-specific norms before clinical use.
• PTOTSLPOther2020Self-management and independence guidelines for the care of people with spina bifida.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicineStart building self-management and independence in infancy through small daily choices, chores, and condition-care tasks, increasing gradually with family support. These spina bifida guidelines offer practical steps, not proof that any single approach works.
• OTQualitative2020How logical is safety? An institutional logics perspective on safety at work.Work (Reading, Mass.)Railroad supervisors justified safety using different workplace logics: profit, professional expertise, and hierarchy. When these logics clashed, safety decisions became harder and demands conflicted.
• PTSystematic Review2020The effectiveness of combined lower limb strengthening and whole-body vibration, compared to strengthening alone, for improving patient-centred outcomes in adults with COPD: A systematic review.The South African journal of physiotherapyAdding whole-body vibration to lower limb strength training improved walking distance more than strength training alone in three of five trials. It did not improve lung function. Isolated leg strength showed no consistent benefit over standard training.
• Case-Control2020Untargeted Metabolomics Screen of Mid-pregnancy Maternal Serum and Autism in Offspring.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchMothers of children later diagnosed with autism had different mid-pregnancy serum metabolite patterns than controls, especially in steroid hormone and pyrimidine pathways. This is an association in 52 cases and 62 controls, not a clinical test.
• PTRCT2020Pulsed ND:YAG laser combined with progressive pressure release in the treatment of cervical myofascial pain syndrome: a randomized control trial.Journal of physical therapy scienceActive pulsed Nd:YAG laser added to pressure release and exercises lowered pain scores more than placebo laser in 50 adults with upper trapezius myofascial pain: pain fell to 1.43 out of 10 versus 3.60 out of 10.
• SLPCase-Control2020Neuroanatomical underpinnings of autism symptomatology in carriers and non-carriers of the 22q11.2 microdeletion.Molecular autismBrain scans showed autism symptoms in 22q11.2 deletion carriers related to different brain structure patterns than autism without deletion. The same symptoms did not map onto the same anatomy.
• PTOTNarrative Review2020Urologic guidelines for the care and management of people with spina bifida.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicineExpert consensus suggests a specific schedule of ultrasounds, urodynamics and blood tests from birth through adulthood to protect kidney function. These recommendations are not based on evidence from trials, so treat them as a starting point for discussion rather than a proven standard.
• SLPOther2020Hearing-Impaired Listeners Show Reduced Attention to High-Frequency Information in the Presence of Low-Frequency Information.Trends in hearingCompared with normal-hearing young adults, those with hearing loss showed a larger drop in accuracy for high-frequency tone sequences when low-frequency sequences played at the same time. This drop remained when they were told to focus on the high tones.
• OTQualitative2020Behaviour Change Domains Likely to Influence Occupational Therapist Use of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure.Occupational therapy internationalExperienced occupational therapists said client characteristics and anticipated client reactions were the strongest social influence on COPM use. They also described conflicting confidence, skills, and a preference for individual assessment, not team direction.
• SLPOther2020Spectrotemporal Modulation Sensitivity in Cochlear-Implant and Normal-Hearing Listeners: Is the Performance Driven by Temporal or Spectral Modulation Sensitivity?Trends in hearingCochlear implant users rely on timing cues, not spectral resolution, to discriminate complex sounds. Better detection of amplitude modulation predicted both spectrotemporal discrimination and speech-in-noise performance. Static spectral ripple sensitivity did not explain these outcomes. This suggests temporal cue salience drives listening success.
• OTOther2020Bowel function and care: Guidelines for the care of people with spina bifida.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicineConsensus guidelines recommend a stepwise approach to bowel management in spina bifida, starting with diet and fluids before moving to medications or surgery. The goal is social continence without constipation, tailored to the patient's age and abilities.
• PTOther2020Reliability and validity of the Mongolian version of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview.Journal of physical therapy scienceThe Mongolian caregiver burden questionnaire gave consistent scores when 16 caregivers repeated it after 9.5 days on average. It also matched their overall burden ratings. The sample was small, and hours of care did not clearly track burden.
• OTSLPCase-Control2020Sex differences in the first impressions made by girls and boys with autism.Molecular autismAutistic boys made significantly worse first impressions than autistic girls, who were rated similarly to typically developing peers. Clinician ratings of social impairment correlated with first impressions in boys but not girls, suggesting girls may camouflage symptoms during brief interactions.
• Other2020Absence of parvalbumin increases mitochondria volume and branching of dendrites in inhibitory Pvalb neurons in vivo: a point of convergence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk gene phenotypes.Molecular autismRemoving the parvalbumin protein in mice caused their inhibitory neurons to grow larger mitochondria and branch more extensively. This structural change suggests a mechanism for autism-related brain hyperconnectivity, but it is a basic science finding in animals.
• OTOther2020A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study of Manipulative Dexterity on Different Subtypes of Multiple Sclerosis.Occupational therapy internationalPeople with relapsing-remitting, primary progressive and secondary progressive MS all showed poor hand dexterity. Subtype differences were not clear except on one hand test. A hand test predicted up to 21.8% of how able participants felt in daily tasks.
• OTSurvey2020The Mediating Effects of Attachment Styles on the Relationship between Sensory Processing Styles and Interpersonal Problems in Healthy University Students.Occupational therapy internationalIn healthy university students, sensory processing styles linked to interpersonal problems only through attachment. Low sensory registration predicted interpersonal issues via anxious attachment. Sensory avoidance predicted interpersonal issues via avoidant attachment. Sensation seeking showed no link to interpersonal problems.
• PTOTSLPCase Report2020A Strength-Based Intervention to Increase Participation in Leisure Activities in Children with Neuropsychiatric Disabilities: A Pilot Study.Occupational therapy internationalTwo boys with autism and ADHD set their own leisure goals. They reached these goals and rated their own ability higher. However, the intervention was time-consuming for staff, and the small number of participants means we cannot know if this works for others.
• OTSLPOther2020Defining clusters of young autistic and typically developing children based on loudness-dependent auditory electrophysiological responses.Molecular autismBrain responses to sound loudness clustered 213 children into four groups. Autistic children with hyper-responsive brains to loud sounds had more caregiver-reported distractibility. However, clusters overlapped heavily with typically developing peers, so neural patterns do not clearly separate diagnoses.
• PTOther2020Orthopedic guidelines for the care of people with spina bifida.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicineExpert consensus guidelines for spina bifida prioritize a stable spine, plantigrade feet without skin breakdown, and gait. They advise individualized orthopedic care, not routine hip surveillance or hip reduction for subluxation.
• SLPNarrative Review2020Sound Externalization: A Review of Recent Research.Trends in hearingHearing aids often make sounds feel inside the head because they block the ear or distort timing and level cues between the ears. This review explains why that happens and notes that patients may adapt over time, but rigorous evidence on how to fix it is still missing.
• SLPNarrative Review2020The sociability spectrum: evidence from reciprocal genetic copy number variations.Molecular autismGenetic deletions and duplications at specific chromosomal sites cause opposite social outcomes. Deletion of 7q11.23 causes Williams syndrome, marked by hypersociability with preserved language skills. Duplication of the same region causes autism-like traits with severe speech impairment. These findings describe genetic mechanisms, not treatment effects.
• PTOTSLPOther2020Health promotion and preventive health care service guidelines for the care of people with spina bifida.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicineSpina bifida preventive care guidelines rest mostly on expert consensus and general screening, not proof of tested interventions. They flag mobility, daily activity, bowel/bladder, pain, and swallowing changes as conditions to monitor across ages.
• PTOTSLPOther2020Attenuation of core temperature elevation and interleukin-6 excretion during head-out hot water immersion in elderly people.Journal of physical therapy scienceHead-out hot water immersion failed to raise IL-6 in elderly men, unlike in young men. Core temperature also rose less in the elderly. This method does not replicate the exercise-induced IL-6 response in older adults.
• PTOTOther2020Family functioning guidelines for the care of people with spina bifida.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicineExpert consensus guidelines recommend assessing family dynamics, stress, and barriers to medical self-management across spina bifida age groups. They suggest referring to OT and PT for self-care. These are expert recommendations, not tested interventions.
• PTOther2020Reliability of voluntary cough assessments using respiratory flow waveform.Journal of physical therapy scienceDifferent raters measured healthy adults' cough flow waveforms consistently. The same rater's repeat readings were less consistent, especially the inspiratory peak flow. The second cough was weaker than the first.
• SLPOther2020Effects of executive attention on sentence processing in aphasia.AphasiologyGreek-speaking men with agrammatic aphasia struggled to revise misleading sentences and showed a specific attention shifting problem: moving from global to local detail was harder than moving from local to global. Attention shifting performance was linked to sentence judgment performance.
• OTCohort2020Eating and Grooming Abilities Predict Outcomes in Patients with Early Middle Cerebral Infarction: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Occupational therapy internationalEarly eating and grooming ability, along with hand recovery stage, helped predict whether people after middle cerebral artery stroke went home rather than to another facility. Clinicians can observe these simple bedside tasks soon after admission.
• SLPCase-Control2020Evidence against the "normalization" prediction of the early brain overgrowth hypothesis of autism.Molecular autismIn autism, total brain volume stayed larger than controls across childhood, adolescence and early adulthood, and did not shrink toward typical size with age. Larger brain size did not track symptom severity.
• PTOTSurvey2020Lifetime use of complementary and alternative medicine therapies among community-dwelling older people in Japan.Journal of physical therapy scienceNearly half of older Japanese men and nearly six in ten women have used at least one of three insurance-covered manual therapies. Judo therapy was the most common, used by 44.5% of women and 28.0% of men. These therapies are a standard part of care, not rare alternatives.
• PTPilot2020Contribution of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation, ankle muscle activities, and coactivation during dual-tasks to postural steadiness: a pilot study.Journal of physical therapy scienceStanding while counting backwards by sevens did not clearly change sway overall, but left prefrontal blood flow increased. People who swayed more showed less shin muscle activity and less muscle coactivation.
• SLPCase-Control2020Can You Hear Out the Melody? Testing Musical Scene Perception in Young Normal-Hearing and Older Hearing-Impaired Listeners.Trends in hearingOlder adults with moderate hearing loss struggled significantly more than younger normal-hearing adults to identify melodies or instruments in musical mixtures. Their average signal-to-masker threshold was 10 dB higher. Musical training helped, but did not fully overcome the deficit.
• Other2020Prenatal counseling: Guidelines for the care of people with spina bifida.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicineSpina bifida prenatal counseling guidelines recommend value-neutral, collaborative information, consultation between 18 and 20 weeks, and offering all options, including fetal closure, postnatal closure, adoption, and termination.
• OTSystematic Review2020The Usefulness of the Pressure Algometer in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Orofacial Pain Patients: A Systematic Review.Occupational therapy internationalPressure algometry should not be used alone to diagnose orofacial pain. Across the included studies, results were too inconsistent and often unreliable, so clinicians should combine it with other assessment.
• SLPOther2020Perceptual span in individuals with aphasia.AphasiologyPeople with aphasia had a smaller visual span while reading. Their reading speed matched full text only when they could see the fixated word plus one word to the right; controls needed at least two words to the right.
• Case-Control2020Reduced auditory steady state responses in autism spectrum disorder.Molecular autismAutistic adolescents showed weaker sustained brain activity in auditory cortex to repeated clicks than controls. Brief early auditory responses were similar. This is a brain difference, not a treatment result.