TOPIC

Neurological research

Everything we have read on neurological. Each paper is summarised from the full article rather than its abstract, so the limitations are in there too, and the funding wherever the paper declares it.

3,875 PAPERS · PAGE 70 OF 78 · NEWEST FIRST

• PTOTCase Report2026Maintaining Seated Posture With Feedback Control of Trunk Musculature Via the Networked Neuroprosthesis After Paralysis: A Case Report.American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitationA woman with cervical spinal cord injury used implanted stimulation to return to upright sitting from a lean. The system activated automatically when she tilted too far. This single case shows the technology can restore posture without chest straps.
• PTOTSLPCase Report2026Alleviating Hypotension With Implanted Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Seated Stabilization: A Case Report in SCI.American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitationIn one woman with cervical spinal cord injury, activating implanted trunk stimulation raised systolic blood pressure from 62.6 to 115.8 mmHg and resolved morning lightheadedness. This is a single case. It suggests trunk muscle activation may help seated stabilization, but does not prove efficacy.
• PTCase-Control2026The relationship between lower limb proprioception and balance performance in children with cerebral palsy: a multisystem and multi-joint approach.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicineTotal lower-limb joint position errors were not associated with overall balance scores, but hip joint position errors were associated with poorer balance in children with cerebral palsy, especially limits of stability, transitions, sensory orientation and gait.
• PTOTSLPOther2026Associations among epilepsy phenotypes and pain, sleep interference, and dissociative symptoms.Rehabilitation psychologyHow much epilepsy interferes with daily life predicted pain, sleep, and dissociative symptoms more strongly than specific comorbidity profiles. Veterans with polytrauma or chronic disease phenotypes reported higher pain, while those with polytrauma or bipolar/SUD reported more sleep interference.
• PTSLPSurvey2025Managing Facial Palsy After Stroke: Results From an Online Survey of Health Professionals.International journal of language & communication disordersMost UK clinicians rely on informal observation rather than standardised tools for facial palsy after stroke. Speech and language therapists and physiotherapists are the primary providers, but they lack clear guidelines, training, and resources.
• PTOther2026Interpretable Machine Learning for Stroke Recovery: Predicting Discharge and 3-Month Functional Outcomes.NeuroRehabilitationIn 116 stroke patients, age and initial stroke severity were consistent predictors of poor function at discharge and three months. For three months, discharge destination was selected by the models. This is a prediction model, not evidence that treatment changes outcome.
• PTOTSLPCohort2025The Effect of Genotype on Self-Reported Dysarthria and Dysphagia in Parkinson's Disease: A Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative Study.International journal of language & communication disordersPatients with SNCA and GBA mutations self-reported worse speech and swallowing problems than those with LRRK2 mutations after the first two years. All groups started with similar mild symptoms. Motor phenotype did not predict these self-reported communication or swallowing difficulties.
• PTOTPilot2026Multimodal machine learning mobility assessment in Parkinson's disease within supervised and unsupervised settings.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationAdding muscle sensors to standard motion trackers improved walking detection accuracy from 87.52% to 94.47% in ten people with Parkinson's. This multimodal approach revealed that free-living walking is slower, more variable, and requires higher muscle effort than clinic assessments.
• PTOTPilot2026Drumming with BEAT: a pilot study on the impact of drum set playing on motor control and quality of life in Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesThree people with Parkinson's disease played a drum set for six weeks. All showed some improvement in balance and upper limb speed, but mood and quality of life scores were inconsistent. The program was feasible and engaging, but this small study cannot prove it works.
• PTOTSLPNarrative Review2026Current status and future prospects of brain-computer interfaces in the field of neurological disease rehabilitation.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesBrain-computer interfaces show promise for stroke and ALS rehabilitation, improving motor function and communication. However, evidence is limited by small studies and short follow-up periods, so these tools should be viewed as experimental adjuncts rather than established treatments.
• PTOTRCT2026Guided corticomuscular neuroplasticity for restoration of wrist-hand function post-stroke.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationGuided brain-computer interface training improved wrist-hand function and shifted brain activity to the affected hemisphere. However, it triggered less often than standard bilateral training, which showed faster initial gains and greater spasticity reduction. The guided approach demands more effort but targets specific neural reorganization.
• PTOTCohort2026Optimizing the Approach to Calculating CST Lesion Load in Ischemic Stroke Patients for Understanding Motor Outcomes.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairUsing an age-matched brain template and a specific lesion calculation method, the maximum weighted lesion load of the corticospinal tract, best predicted motor impairment and function after stroke. This approach replicated in a second group and used only standard MRI scans.
• PTOTRCT2026Lessons learned while exploring the impact of movement-tracking feedback on the experiences of children with neuromotor disorders taking part in interactive home exercise programs: a multi-case mixed methods study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationMovement tracking feedback helped two of three children complete more prescribed exercises, but the system often failed to count movements accurately. Parents valued the feedback, while children found technical errors frustrating. The game was preferred over conventional home exercises, but the technology requires refinement before clinical use.
• PTOTPilot2026Motor imagery BCI enables more practical and user-friendly exoskeleton control than smartwatch for users with spinal cord injury: a preliminary study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationFive people with spinal cord injury controlled an exoskeleton via brain-computer interface. It was slower than a smartwatch but allowed hands-free operation while using crutches. Participants preferred the BCI because operating a smartwatch required releasing a crutch or therapist assistance.
• PTCase-Control2026Gait pattern stratification in persons with incomplete spinal cord injury: a data-driven approach.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationWalking patterns in 28 adults with incomplete spinal cord injury separated into six groups, from close to control gait to reduced toe-off ankle motion. The Pink and Green groups walked as fast and as far as controls.
• PTOTOther2026Decoding multi-class motor attempt from the affected unilateral limbs in chronic stroke patients.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationA new computer algorithm correctly identified which of four unilateral movements a chronic stroke patient was attempting to make 52.79% of the time. This outperformed nine other decoding models, but the high error rate and long processing time mean it is not yet ready for real-time clinical rehabilitation.
• PTRCT2026The effect of breathing exercises and mindset with or without cold exposure on mental and physical health in persons with a spinal cord injury-Results of a randomized controlled trial.Clinical rehabilitationBreathing and mindset exercises with cold showers did not improve mental health in people with spinal cord injury. However, this combined approach improved inspiratory breathing capacity and lowered fasting glucose compared to usual care, while the breathing-only group showed no such physical benefits.
• PTOTSLPCohort2025Associations between quality of life in communication and sociodemographic and clinical aspects of Parkinson's disease.CoDASFor people with Parkinson's disease, quality of life in communication is driven more by non-motor symptoms and daily activity difficulties than by motor speech issues. Rigidity as an initial symptom was linked to worse communication scores than tremor. Assess mood and function, not just speech.
• PTOTPilot2025Promoting continuous rehabilitation with AI-based motion capture and biomechanical analysis: objective feedback as a catalyst.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesObjective feedback on shoulder movement improved exercise motivation for one month in older adults with stroke, diabetes, or foot deformity. Motivation dropped off after four weeks. The effect was absent in participants with Parkinson's disease, who declined regardless of feedback.
• PTOTPilot2026AI-based video analysis for the assessment of upper limb function in children with unilateral cerebral palsy: feasibility of remote monitoring.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationAn AI model accurately classified upper limb impairment severity in children with unilateral cerebral palsy from routine handheld clinic videos. The tool achieved high discrimination across all four assessment indices, suggesting it could support remote monitoring and reduce clinician scoring burden.
• PTOTMeta-Analysis2026The effectiveness of robotic therapy in reducing upper limb spasticity in stroke survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationRobotic therapy produced small reductions in elbow and wrist flexor tone compared with conventional therapy, but not shoulder tone. Hand-only devices did not reduce tone, and daily independence did not clearly improve.
• PTOTOther2026Standardized International Manual of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Motor Function After Stroke.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairExperts agreed on a standardized manual for the Fugl-Meyer Assessment, with 89% consensus for the upper limb and 93% for the lower limb. This resolves ambiguous instructions and sets clear training standards for consistent motor scoring in stroke care.
• PTOTPilot2026EEG based multifunctional connectivity fusion across frequency bands and parameters promote motor function assessment in stroke: a pilot study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationIn 12 stroke patients, combined EEG brain synchronization measures were linked to upper limb motor scores. None were linked to lower limb scores. This is exploratory.
• PTOTSLPPilot2026Development of an easy-read version of the Brain Injury associated Visual Impairment - Impact Questionnaire (BIVI-IQ).Clinical rehabilitationStroke survivors with visual impairment rated an easy-read version of a vision-impact questionnaire similarly to the standard version. The easy-read took longer to complete, but half preferred it. This offers a path to self-report for those with communication difficulties, though testing in that specific group is still needed.
• PTOTSystematic Review2026Outcomes and standardized tools in telehealth physical therapy for children with cerebral palsy: A scoping review using the ICF framework.Developmental medicine and child neurologyTelehealth physical therapy for children with cerebral palsy is mostly assessed in person, not remotely. While some questionnaires and specific movement tests show promise for remote use, most standardized tools still require clinical settings, limiting the ability to track real-world functional changes.
• PTOTNarrative Review2026Post-Stroke Motor Fatigability: Defining and Studying the Impairments That Emerge During Prolonged Motor Tasks.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairProlonged motor tasks after stroke often show greater endurance loss in paretic limbs, likely from reduced brain input to the muscle rather than the muscle itself. Tests vary, so endurance time may be more informative than strength alone.
• PTOTRCT2026Effect of an exosuit on daily life gait performance in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationA home-based exosuit program did not increase daily walking time over six weeks compared with a conventional training program. Usability and satisfaction were marginal, so routine prescription of this exosuit to improve daily walking is not supported.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2026Use of artificial intelligence for outcome assessment in pediatric rehabilitation: a scoping review.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationMost AI tools for pediatric outcome assessment are still experimental, focused on gait in children with cerebral palsy. High accuracy reported in these studies reflects technical testing, not clinical readiness for routine use.
• PTOTCohort2026Recruitment of the central nervous system in different hand tasks in patients with hand dysfunction after stroke based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy: an exploratory study.Journal of rehabilitation medicineIn 30 stroke patients, affected-hand grasping activated more brain regions and stronger connectivity than bilateral hand-cranking. This suggests grasping demands greater motor planning and cognitive resources, though small sample size limits clinical application.
• PTOther2026Improving interlimb coordination and paretic limb use after stroke using a novel robotic split-crank pedaling device: a cross-sectional study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationA new robotic pedaling device temporarily reduced interlimb coordination errors in stroke survivors during use, but errors rebounded to worse-than-baseline levels once the device was turned off. The assist-plus-resist mode was most effective during exposure, but benefits did not persist.
• PTOTCohort2026Comparison of the predictive value of upper limb somatosensory evoked potentials and motor evoked potentials for functional recovery in subacute stroke: a retrospective study.Journal of rehabilitation medicineIn subacute stroke, normal somatosensory evoked potentials predicted better daily living independence, while motor evoked potentials predicted better hand dexterity. Neither test strongly predicted upper limb motor recovery. Baseline function and length of stay were the strongest predictors of discharge outcomes.
• PTOTSLPOther2026Interventions supporting the empowerment of parent carers of children with neurodisability and other long-term health conditions: A scoping review.Developmental medicine and child neurologyMost interventions for parent carers target the carer's own behaviour, not the health system. Few involve carers in design or report implementation details. Clinicians should look for existing programmes rather than creating new ones, but beware of poor descriptions.
• PTOTOther2026Translation, reliability, and validity of the trunk impairment scale in a Polish population after stroke.Journal of rehabilitation medicineThe Polish Trunk Impairment Scale is reliable for stroke patients with moderate-to-severe trunk issues, but it fails to distinguish those with mild impairment because 46% of participants hit the maximum score. Use it to track progress in patients who struggle with sitting balance, not to assess those who are nearly recovered.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2026Gastroenterological disorders and hepatic disease in adults with cerebral palsy: A systematic review.Developmental medicine and child neurologyPrevalence of swallowing, reflux, and liver disease is higher in adults with cerebral palsy, especially those with intellectual disability or limited mobility. However, no validated screening tools exist, and intervention evidence is sparse, so routine screening cannot be recommended yet.
• PTOTMeta-Analysis2026Safety and Benefits of Moderate to High Intensity Aerobic Exercise During the Subacute Phase of Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationModerate to high intensity aerobic exercise after stroke did not improve peak oxygen capacity, self-selected walking speed or function. Walking distance and fast walking speed improved immediately after intervention, and severe cardiac or cerebral events did not differ.
• PTOTSLPPilot2026Implementation of a knowledge translation strategy to promote early evidence-based rehabilitation for children with cerebral palsy.Developmental medicine and child neurologyA 15-week toolkit and training program did not significantly change how often therapists used evidence-based practices or their confidence. However, therapists found the toolkit acceptable and easy to use, and perceived better mentorship support at their sites.
• PTOTSystematic Review2026Patient-Perceived Factors Influencing Physical Activity Sensor Use in Stroke Prevention and Rehabilitation: Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies Using Thematic Synthesis.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologiesPatients often stop using activity trackers because devices feel designed for younger people and fail to capture relevant movements like slow walking. Engagement improves when therapists help set realistic goals and interpret data, turning raw steps into actionable health insights.
• PTOther2026Inspiratory muscle training for people with spinal cord injury: An implementation study.Clinical rehabilitationA 6-week package of audit feedback, education and a clinical champion raised inspiratory muscle training provision by physiotherapists for spinal cord injury from 20% to 91%. Two months after support stopped, provision fell to 72%. Continuous audit feedback was needed to hold the gain.
• PTOTSystematic Review2026Gait analysis methods in people with spinal cord injury: a systematic review.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationGait analysis in walking people with spinal cord injury relies mostly on speed and joint angles, not forces or muscle activity. Wearable sensors are gaining ground, but no standard protocol exists, so you cannot compare scores between clinics.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2026Families' and therapists' experience of a telehealth programme for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy during the COVID-19 pandemic.Developmental medicine and child neurologyFamilies and therapists first feared remote care, then valued weekly video review of home goals and low-cost adaptations. They described stronger partnership and family confidence, while internet, devices, and caregiver strain remained challenges.
• PTOTSLPCohort2026Impact of Pneumonia on Rehabilitation Outcomes: A Large Observational Study.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationStroke patients who developed pneumonia had worse rehabilitation outcomes than those who did not. They had higher mortality, longer hospital stays, and a greater risk of poor functional recovery at 3 and 6 months, with hospital-acquired pneumonia showing a stronger long-term impact than early-onset pneumonia.
• PTOTNarrative Review2026Microscopic and molecular aspects of skeletal muscle alterations in cerebral palsy.Developmental medicine and child neurologyMuscle biopsies in cerebral palsy consistently show high variability in fibre size, longer sarcomeres, increased collagen, and reduced capillary density. Average fibre size and fibre type shifts are inconsistent across studies. Treatment effects on these microstructures remain largely uncharacterized.
• PTOTCohort2026Participation, environment, and quality of life in children with cerebral palsy and physical disabilities.Developmental medicine and child neurologyCommunity support, not just physical ability, strongly predicted quality of life in children with cerebral palsy. Parents reported significant barriers and a high desire for change. Clinicians should prioritize community integration and resource navigation alongside physical therapy.
• PTOTCohort2026Motor Function Profiling and Its Impact on Health-Related Quality of Life in Childhood Stroke Survivors.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationChildhood stroke survivors were below test norms in manual coordination and strength/agility, which were linked with lower parent-reported quality of life and function. Motor daily skills were largely preserved; cognitive daily skills were not.
• PTOTCohort2026Stroke Recovery Program Incorporating Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Exercise Provides Sustained Improvement of Function: A 1-Year Follow-Up Study.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationStroke survivors who added a 36-session aerobic exercise and risk factor education program to prescribed physical, occupational and speech therapy showed higher mobility and daily activity scores at 1 year. Cognitive scores did not differ significantly.
• PTOTSLPPilot2026Exoskeletal-Assisted Training in Veterans With Chronic Stroke: A Pilot Study.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationAdding a knee exoskeleton to standard training was safe and feasible for veterans with chronic stroke. While the small study showed improved walking speed and stair power in the device group, these gains were not significantly different from the control group, so efficacy remains unproven.
• PTOTCohort2026Rehabilitation Dose Contributes to Improvement in Transfer and Mobility Activities Among Patients With Ischemic Stroke Who Required Assistance Before Hospitalization: A Nationwide Database Observational Study.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationFor severely dependent stroke patients, more daily rehabilitation in the first 14 days was linked to greater achievement in sitting, transfer, and wheelchair mobility at 30 days. This is an association, not proof of cause.
• PTOTCohort2026Characterizing visual compensation for proprioceptive impairments during the subacute phase of stroke.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationMost stroke survivors improved arm position sense by 26 weeks, but 22%, 13%, and 9% still could not fully compensate for errors by looking at their arm.
• PTSLPOther2026Variations in Head-Neck Posture and Hyoid Kinematics in Patients With Stroke and Aspiration Risk: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationStroke patients with high aspiration risk had forward head posture, restricted neck movement, and smaller hyoid displacements than those with low risk. Poor head-neck posture correlated with reduced hyoid movement, suggesting posture may contribute to swallowing dysfunction.
• PTOTSLPCohort2026Trajectories and Predictors of Activity Participation Among People with Parkinson Disease: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationParticipation levels in people with Parkinson disease remained stable over three years, but depressive symptoms predicted immediate drops in activity. Patients with milder symptoms still lost participation over time, so monitor mood and social support in all patients, not just those with severe depression.