TOPIC

Paediatrics research

Everything we have read on paediatrics. Each paper is summarised from the full article rather than its abstract, so the limitations are in there too, and the funding wherever the paper declares it.

1,906 PAPERS · PAGE 18 OF 39 · NEWEST FIRST

• PTOther2022Research Summit V: Optimizing Transitions From Infancy to Early Adulthood in Children With Neuromotor Conditions.Pediatric physical therapy : the official publication of the Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy AssociationNo clinical outcomes are reported. This paper summarizes a pediatric physical therapy research summit and proposed research priorities.
• PTOTNarrative Review2022Effects of voluntary exercise on muscle structure and function in cerebral palsy.Developmental medicine and child neurologyResistance training builds muscle size in children with cerebral palsy, but increasing muscle power requires fast concentric movements. High-velocity training increased fascicle length and walking capacity, while standard strength training often failed to improve functional mobility.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2022Community Conversations: Stakeholder-Identified Research Priorities to Foster Community Participation for Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disability.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesStakeholders with intellectual and developmental disabilities prioritized measuring social belonging and safety over clinical metrics. They identified transportation, information access, and staff training as key community barriers, calling for research that tracks real-world inclusion rather than just medical outcomes.
• PTOTSLPCase-Control2022Toileting Resistance Among Preschool-Age Children with and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBPPreschoolers with autism resist toilet training far more often than peers with other delays or typical development. Constipation, diarrhea, and social awareness deficits are key markers. Clinicians should screen for these issues before starting toilet training to avoid resistance.
• PTOTSLPCohort2022Short-Term Clinical Outcomes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction In Adolescents During The COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of sports physical therapyAdolescents who had ACL reconstruction during the pandemic had stronger uninvolved quadriceps at three months than those treated pre-pandemic. However, strength in the injured leg and self-reported function were identical between groups. The pandemic did not worsen short-term recovery.
• PTOTSurvey2022Exploring problems for school reintegration following spinal cord injury: Perspectives on the kindergarten through fifth-grade population.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesChildren with spinal cord injury often return to school needing new support plans. Physical therapy was the most common need, followed by occupational therapy and counseling. Access barriers remain frequent, and many parents did not know their child's injury level.
• PTNarrative Review2022Stride Length and Torso Biomechanics As They Relate To Medial Elbow Injuries In Adolescent Aged Baseball pitchers: A Clinical Commentary.International journal of sports physical therapyNo original patient outcomes are reported in this clinical commentary about stride length and torso mechanics in adolescent pitchers. It offers background considerations, not tested injury-prevention findings to act on.
• PTCohort2022Medical complications in children with achondroplasia.Developmental medicine and child neurologyIn 108 Australian children with achondroplasia, craniocervical stenosis, sleep-disordered breathing, and hearing impairment were common, often before age 4 years. Orthopaedic complications and obesity occurred later, but later childhood data were thinner.
• PTOTSLPCohort2022Intrapersonal, interpersonal and environmental correlates of moderate to vigorous physical activity and sedentary time in adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDRAdolescents with intellectual disabilities matched their parents' activity levels. For every 10 minutes a parent moved, the teen achieved about 6 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous activity. This link was strongest in teens with Down syndrome or autism, suggesting family-based movement is key.
• PTOTOther2022Functional and Structural Brain Connectivity in Children With Bilateral Cerebral Palsy Compared to Age-Related Controls and in Response to Intensive Rapid-Reciprocal Leg Training.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesIntensive leg training did not change brain structure or connectivity in children with bilateral cerebral palsy. Training improved speed on the device but did not improve walking speed. Small sample size and motion artifacts limit confidence in these null findings.
• PTOTQualitative2022The Impact of Hypermobile "Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome" and Hypermobile Spectrum Disorder on Interpersonal Interactions and Relationships.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesPeople with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome described losing their sense of self as they could no longer do their hobbies or work. They found it hard to ask for help without feeling guilty, and noted that strangers judged them for using wheelchairs or resting.
• PTOTSLPPilot2022The Effects of Resistance Training on Physical Fitness and Neuromotor-Cognitive Functions in Adults With Down Syndrome.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesEleven adults with Down syndrome completed a 10-week resistance training program. They improved strength, motor skills, working memory, and mood. No control group means these gains cannot be proven to come from the exercise rather than time or testing effects.
• PTOTSLPCohort2022Early measurement of autism risk constructs in the general population: A new factor structure of the First Years Inventory (FYIv3.1) for ages 6-16 months.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchThe revised First Years Inventory breaks down into seven distinct risk domains for infants aged 6 to 16 months. Non-social markers like sensory regulation and motor skills significantly distinguished children with later autism diagnoses from those with other developmental delays.
• PTOTSLPCohort2022Healthcare utilisation and unmet health needs in children with intellectual disability: a propensity score matching approach using longitudinal cohort data.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDRChildren with intellectual disability had similar GP and emergency department use to peers, but were more likely to be seen in hospital and stay overnight at age 9. Caregivers reported unmet health needs at ages 9 and 13, primarily due to waiting lists and lack of accessible care.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2022Feeding practices in public hospitals' neonatal intensive care units: An exploration into the ways in which COVID-19 affected the best practice in Gauteng.The South African journal of communication disorders = Die Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir KommunikasieafwykingsIn two South African NICUs, lockdowns left staff overloaded, so nurses took over feeding, mothers were often absent, and caregiver training stopped.
• PTCohort2022Heart rate variability, exercise capacity and levels of daily physical activity in children and adolescents with mild-to-moderate cystic fibrosis.Hong Kong physiotherapy journal : official publication of the Hong Kong Physiotherapy Association Limited = Wu li chih liaoChildren and adolescents with mild-to-moderate cystic fibrosis who had abnormal heart rate variability showed worse lung function and lower exercise capacity. Resting heart rate variability may serve as a non-invasive marker to identify patients with greater physical impairment.
• PTRCT2022Immediate effects of manual hyperinflation on cardiorespiratory function and sputum clearance in mechanically ventilated pediatric patients: A randomized crossover trial.Hong Kong physiotherapy journal : official publication of the Hong Kong Physiotherapy Association Limited = Wu li chih liaoManual hyperinflation before suctioning removed more secretions and improved lung compliance immediately compared to suctioning alone in ventilated children. The effect lasted less than 15 minutes. Vital signs remained stable, suggesting the technique is safe for short-term use in this group.
• PTOther2022The relationship between children's somatotypes, motor examination results, and motor skills: assessing 6- to 10-year-olds.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn Japanese children aged 6 to 10 years, those with obesity-level weight for height had worse standing forward bend but better side-to-side hops. Body composition did not differ, and the weight groups did not show a consistent motor difference.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2022Unscheduled healthcare for children with intellectual disabilities: A systematic scoping review.Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARIDChildren with intellectual disabilities visit GPs and emergency departments more often than their peers, yet often receive less urgent care and poorer service quality. Parents report feeling unheard, while clinicians admit they lack training and time to provide adequate support.
• PTOTCohort2022Peak functional ability and age at loss of ambulation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.Developmental medicine and child neurologyFor boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, how they move at age 6 to 7 predicts when they will stop walking. A rise-from-floor time over 5 seconds or a low functional score at this age strongly predicts earlier loss of ambulation, even with steroid treatment.
• PTOTSLPCohort2022Change in Maladaptive Behavior Affects Intergenerational Relationships in Fragile X Syndrome.American journal on intellectual and developmental disabilitiesOver 7.5 years, decreases in maladaptive behaviors in adolescents and adults with Fragile X Syndrome predicted increases in maternal positivity more strongly than the reverse. Mothers of sons and daughters with fewer behavior problems described them more positively, suggesting behavior change may precede relational improvement.
• PTOTCohort2022A further study of relations between motor impairment and social communication, cognitive, language, functional impairments, and repetitive behavior severity in children with ASD using the SPARK study dataset.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchIn 13,887 children with autism, parent-reported motor problems were worse when social communication, repetitive behavior, cognitive, language, or daily-living difficulties were greater. Writing, cutting, ball skills, and coordination problems were most linked to those difficulties.
• PTOTOther2022Motor skills predict adaptive behavior in autistic children and adolescents.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchMotor skills, especially manual dexterity, were associated with adaptive behavior scores in autistic children and adolescents even when IQ and autism severity were considered. Higher movement or manual dexterity scores went with higher daily living, communication, and socialization scores.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2022A qualitative examination of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents with autism and their parents.Research in developmental disabilitiesMost parents reported their children lost previously mastered skills, but others noted gains in daily living and reduced stress. Families need flexible service delivery and caregiver training to navigate disruptions.
• PTOTSLPCohort2022Participation of children with and without disabilities in home, school, and community in Hong Kong: A 2-year longitudinal study.Hong Kong journal of occupational therapy : HKJOTOver two years, children with and without disabilities in Hong Kong played fewer indoor games and used more technology at home. School event attendance rose, but community physical activity showed a non-significant decline. How involved children felt in these activities stayed largely unchanged.
• PTOTSLPCohort2022Developmental profiles of children at risk for autism spectrum disorder at school entry.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchChildren referred for autism assessment but not diagnosed showed functional profiles at school entry nearly identical to those who were diagnosed. Both groups scored significantly lower than typically developing peers across social, emotional, and communication domains, suggesting comparable support needs despite differing funding eligibility.
• PTOTSLPOther2022Limitation of developmental test to measure functional independence of children: Relationship between the Japanese version of WeeFIM II® and KSPD.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicineDevelopmental test scores do not reliably predict how much daily support a child needs. For children under two, the link is negligible for most tasks. Only for older children does the test correlate moderately with independence, and even then, it fails to fully explain required support.
• PTCase Report2022Delayed Recovery after Nonoperative Treatment of an Avulsion Fracture of the Ischial Tuberosity in an Adolescent Gymnast with a History of Growth Hormone Deficiency: A Case Report.International journal of sports physical therapyA 15-year-old gymnast with prior growth hormone deficiency took 12 months to return to competition after nonoperative treatment of an ischial tuberosity avulsion fracture, longer than the expected three months.
• PTOTSLPCase-Control2022Retrospective Case-Control Study of Communication and Motor Abilities in 143 Children With Suspected Childhood Apraxia of Speech: Effect of Concomitant Diagnosis.Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groupsChildren with suspected childhood apraxia of speech and another major diagnosis showed more severe speech and motor delays than those without. They sat, crawled, and walked later, had smaller sound inventories, and often had feeding difficulties, suggesting a need for broader assessment.
• PTSurvey2022Parents' report on the health care management of spina bifida in early childhood.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicineParents reported young children with spina bifida had 7.4 spina bifida-related visits yearly. Among children seeing specialists, they had 11.3 specialist visits. Children with shunts had more of both visit types, but not more emergency visits.
• PTOTCohort2022Association of ethnicity and adaptive functioning with health-related quality of life in pediatric myelomeningocele.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicineHispanic children with spina bifida reported higher quality of life than White peers when adaptive skills were high. This link was absent at lower skill levels. Clinicians should ask families about their specific goals for independence rather than assuming motor skills drive well-being.
• PTOther2022Maximal Respiratory Pressure Reference Values for Hopi Children Ages 4-13.Cardiopulmonary physical therapy journalExisting Navajo and Caucasian prediction equations did not match respiratory pressure values measured in Hopi children. The study derived Hopi-specific equations for respiratory muscle strength testing.
• PTOTRCT2022Comparison of Six-Minute Walk Test and Modified Bruce Treadmill Test in Paediatric Patients With Severe Burns: A Cross-Over Study.Journal of rehabilitation medicineThe treadmill test pushed children with severe burns to higher heart rates and perceived effort than the six-minute walk. The walk test was easier to complete and remains a useful option for patients who cannot tolerate the treadmill.
• PTOTRCT2023Elbow flexion contractures in neonatal brachial plexus palsy: A one-year comparison of dynamic orthosis and serial casting.Clinical rehabilitationAfter one year, a dynamic night orthosis and serial casting reduced elbow contractures in children with brachial plexus injury by a similar amount. Serial casting worked faster in the first few months, but the difference disappeared by 54 weeks. Functional outcomes and adherence were comparable.
• PTOTOther2023Spasticity-related pain in children/adolescents with cerebral palsy. Part 2: IncobotulinumtoxinA efficacy results from a pooled analysis.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicineChildren with cerebral palsy reported less spasticity-related pain after incobotulinumtoxinA injections, with relief deepening over four cycles. By the fourth cycle, 33.8% were pain-free during hard tasks. Without a placebo group, some improvement may reflect natural variation rather than the drug alone.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2022Telehealth and Remote Interventions for Children With Cerebral Palsy: Scoping Review.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologiesEvidence for telehealth in children with cerebral palsy is scarce and of poor quality, primarily from underpowered pilots. While aggregate results suggest telehealth may match or improve face-to-face care for hand function, clinical recommendations are not possible due to methodological flaws and inconsistent outcome measures.
• PTOTCohort2022Hip subluxation in Italian cerebral palsy children and its determinants: a retrospective cohort study.International journal of rehabilitation research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Rehabilitationsforschung. Revue internationale de recherches de readaptationHip displacement worsens fastest in early childhood and around puberty. Standing and walking devices with weight relief were linked to lower migration, especially when combined with botulinum. Surgery reduced displacement, but soft tissue surgery did not prevent progression long-term.
• PTOTSLPCohort2022Effects of inpatient rehabilitation after acute care on functional and quality-of-life outcomes in children with severe traumatic brain injury.Brain injuryChildren with severe TBI and low consciousness scores at discharge who went to inpatient rehab had better global function at 12 months than those who did not. No difference was found for those with higher consciousness scores or for quality of life.
• PTOTRCT2022Goal Attainment after Treatment with Abobotulinumtoxina and a Tailored Home Therapy Programme in Children with Upper Limb Spasticity: Descriptive, Exploratory Analysis of a Large Randomized, Controlled Study.Journal of rehabilitation medicineChildren achieved their upper limb goals when botulinum toxin was paired with a tailored home therapy programme. Goal attainment was generally maintained across three treatment cycles, but dropped below expectations in the fourth cycle for children with more severe motor impairment.
• PTOTPilot2022Hand Use and Grasp Sensor System in Monitoring Infant Fine Motor Development.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationA sensor-equipped toy system tracked 12 infants at home and captured how their grasping changed as they grew. Peak force, grasp duration, and bimanual use increased with age, while force variability and hand-use asymmetry decreased, mirroring typical fine motor maturation.
• PTOTSLPOther2022Determining the Agreement Between Common Measures Related to Vestibulo-ocular Reflex Function After a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Children and Adolescents.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationSymptom provocation during vestibular screening did not agree with performance-based tests of eye-head coordination in children with concussion. Clinicians should not use one to infer the other, as they likely measure different things.
• PTOTOther2022Accuracy and comparison of sensor-based gait speed estimations under standardized and daily life conditions in children undergoing rehabilitation.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationA single ankle sensor estimates children's gait speed accurately, but only if you average four walking trials. Children walk at different speeds in daily life compared to a 10-metre test, so clinical assessments may not reflect their real-world mobility.
• PTOTSystematic Review2022Determining optimal mobile neurofeedback methods for motor neurorehabilitation in children and adults with non-progressive neurological disorders: a scoping review.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationAcross 30 studies in 223 adults, brain-computer interface training improved motor scores, but gains were inconsistent and often not clinically significant. More sessions correlated with better outcomes, but no single feedback method proved superior.
• PTOTOther2022Mental health problems among adolescents and young adults with childhood-onset physical disabilities: A scoping review.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesDepression, anxiety and social difficulties were the most common concerns mapped among adolescents and young adults with physical disabilities, but reported rates varied widely and few people received mental health care. Stigma, family caregiver mental health, and missing peer or vocational supports shaped access.
• PTOTSLPSurvey2022Reduction in school individualized education program (IEP) services during the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesNearly half of students with Individualized Education Programs experienced reduced service frequency during the pandemic. Unmet needs were highest for occupational and physical therapy. Clinicians should ask families about service gaps to support advocacy for compensatory education.
• PTOTSLPSurvey2022Pandemic intake questionnaire to improve quality, effectiveness, and efficiency of outpatient neurologic and developmental care at the Kennedy Krieger institute during the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesGuardians of children with neurodevelopmental disorders reported worsened mood, behavior, sleep, and therapy-access problems during the pandemic. A pre-visit questionnaire surfaced these concerns, and Five out of six program directors found it helpful.
• PTQualitative2022Enactive explorations of children's sensory-motor play and therapeutic handling in physical therapy.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesTherapeutic handling helped children play and move when the therapist synchronized with the child's intentions. When therapists led too rigidly or ignored the child's signals, play broke down and children resisted handling.
• PTOTCohort2023Time-matched accelerometers on limbs and waist in children with CP give new insights into real-life activities after botulinum toxin treatment: A proof of concept study.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicineAfter botulinum toxin injections plus home training, children with cerebral palsy walked less from three weeks through three months. In children injected in an arm, the more affected arm was not used more; the better arm was used more.
• PTOTSLPSurvey2023Balancing Fidelity and Flexibility: Usual Care for Young Children With an Increased Likelihood of Having Autism Spectrum Disorder Within an Early Intervention System.Journal of autism and developmental disordersEarly intervention providers serving toddlers with autism or suspected autism report using naturalistic strategies but often lack formal training in manualized programs. Parent-led goals, contractor pay and limited guidance make training hard, so usual care is flexible but variable.
• PTOTSLPCohort2023Developmental Skills of Individuals with Angelman Syndrome Assessed Using the Bayley-III.Journal of autism and developmental disordersExpressive communication was a weakness in children with Angelman syndrome regardless of genetic subtype. Deletion subtypes had lower receptive communication and motor scores than other genetic subtypes. Bayley-III did not credit gestures, signs or AAC.