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Cardiopulmonary research

Everything we have read on cardiopulmonary. Each paper is summarised from the full article rather than its abstract, so the limitations are in there too, and the funding wherever the paper declares it.

1,018 PAPERS · PAGE 7 OF 21 · NEWEST FIRST

• PTOther2017Gait deficiencies associated with peripheral artery disease are different than chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Gait & posturePeople with peripheral artery disease had reduced push-off forces and ankle power before pain. People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at rest and walking their own speed looked like healthy controls. The gait problem is disease-specific.
• PTOTSLPOther2017Reliability and validity of measuring respiration movement using a wearable strain sensor in healthy subjects.Journal of physical therapy scienceA wearable strain sensor consistently measured chest and belly expansion in young healthy men, matching a tape measure. It offers an objective alternative to manual inspection. However, it has not been tested in patients with breathing problems.
• PTCase-Control2017Effects of positive expiratory pressure on chest wall volumes in subjects with stroke compared to healthy controls: a case-control study.Brazilian journal of physical therapyPEP increased tidal volume in both groups, but the effect was significantly smaller in stroke survivors. In the stroke group, PEP caused lung hyperinflation and did not improve breathing timing, with effects worsening at higher pressures.
• PTOther2017Using rating of perceived exertion in assessing cardiorespiratory fitness in endometrial cancer survivors.Physiotherapy theory and practicePerceived exertion and heart rate gave similar estimated cardiorespiratory fitness in endometrial cancer survivors not taking beta-blockers. In those taking beta-blockers, heart-rate estimates were higher, but the difference approached significance.
• PTProtocol2017Effect of high-intensity home-based respiratory muscle training on strength of respiratory muscles following a stroke: a protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Brazilian journal of physical therapyNo results are reported. This protocol plans to test high-intensity home-based respiratory muscle training after stroke, so it does not change practice yet.
• PTOther2017Predictive validity analysis of six reference equations for the 6-minute walk test in healthy Brazilian men: a cross-sectional study.Brazilian journal of physical therapyFor healthy Brazilian men, the Britto equation using age, gender, and BMI predicted walking distance closest to actual performance. It was more accurate than five other equations, though all models left considerable variability unexplained.
• PTRCT2017The effects of place running exercises on the pulmonary function of normal adults.Journal of physical therapy scienceHealthy college students who did place running for four weeks had greater vital capacity than those doing stationary cycling. Not all breathing measures changed.
• PTRCT2017Immunomodulatory effects of two different physical therapy modalities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Journal of physical therapy scienceAdded to medical treatment, both inspiratory muscle training and laser therapy lowered IL-6 and raised CD4+/CD8+; laser showed greater change. Effects on exacerbation attacks, hospital admission, or mortality rates were not reported.
• PTProtocol2017Does home-based pulmonary rehabilitation improve functional capacity, peripheral muscle strength and quality of life in patients with bronchiectasis compared to standard care?Brazilian journal of physical therapyNo results are reported. This is a protocol for a planned trial of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation in stable bronchiectasis, not evidence that the program works.
• PTOther2018Exercise training improves the IL-10/TNF-α cytokine balance in the gastrocnemius of rats with heart failure.Brazilian journal of physical therapyIn rats with heart failure, treadmill training improved the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signals in muscle, and increased muscle weight. This is animal evidence only, not evidence for human rehabilitation.
• PTOther2017Relation between respiratory function and arterial stiffness assessed using brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in healthy workers.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn 104 male workers without airflow limitation, lower FVC and FEV1 were linked with higher arterial stiffness, but FEV1/FVC was not. This is an observation, not a treatment effect.
• PTOther2017Wheelchair Shuttle Test for Assessing Aerobic Fitness in Youth With Spina Bifida: Validity and Reliability.Physical therapyThe Shuttle Ride Test produced similar peak oxygen uptake values to the lab wheelchair propulsion test in youth with spina bifida using wheelchairs. Shuttles were repeatable, but do not use the oxygen uptake equation for one child.
• PTOther2017Effects of lower extremity injuries on aerobic exercise capacity, anaerobic power, and knee isokinetic muscular function in high school soccer players.Journal of physical therapy scienceHigh school soccer players with lower extremity injuries had lower aerobic capacity and lower anaerobic threshold, and became more fatigued on a 30 second power test. Knee strength did not differ.
• PTOTOther2017The relationship between physical capacity and fear avoidance beliefs in patients with chronic low back pain.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn men with chronic low back pain, higher leg strength and cardiopulmonary endurance linked to lower fear of physical activity. Abdominal endurance linked to lower fear about work. However, this cross-sectional study cannot prove that fitness changes fear.
• PTOther2017Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program impact on prognostic markers in selected patients with resting and exercise-induced ventilatory inefficiency: a clinical trial.Journal of physical therapy scienceSupervised interval aerobic training improved ventilatory efficiency and exercise capacity in men with chronic heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary hypertension patients showed greater reductions in ventilatory inefficiency, while heart failure patients showed greater gains in peak oxygen uptake.
• PTSystematic Review2017Physical activity and cognitive function in adults with multiple sclerosis: an integrative review.Disability and rehabilitationIn adults with MS, more active or fitter people had better scores on cognitive tests of processing speed, memory and executive function. Exercise trials were mixed, so this does not show exercise improves cognition.
• PTOTSLPCohort2017Predictive Indices for Functional Improvement and Deterioration, Institutionalization, and Death Among Elderly Medicare Beneficiaries.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationA new scoring system predicts which Medicare patients aged 65 or older will deteriorate, be institutionalized, or die within two years. It identifies risk factors like advanced age, living alone, and vision impairment to help clinicians plan care and prevent poor outcomes.
• PTSLPOther2017Combined respiratory muscle training facilitates expiratory muscle activity in stroke patients.Journal of physical therapy scienceStroke patients who added inspiratory and expiratory muscle training to usual rehabilitation showed greater increases in abdominal muscle activity, breathing pressures and cough peak flow than usual rehabilitation alone. The training used inspiratory and expiratory devices plus usual rehabilitation, so component effects cannot be separated.
• PTRCT2017The immediate effects of rib cage joint mobilization and chest wall stretch on muscle tone and stiffness of respiratory muscles and chest expansion ability in patients with chronic stroke.Journal of physical therapy scienceNeither rib cage mobilization nor chest wall stretch was better than the other for chronic stroke patients. Both increased chest expansion immediately, but neither produced a clear change in respiratory muscle tone or stiffness.
• PTOTCohort2017Changes in the amount of physical activity in minimally invasive cardiac surgery.Journal of physical therapy sciencePatients undergoing minimally invasive cardiac surgery increased their daily steps by 39.3% before discharge, while those with conventional sternotomy saw a 34.3% decrease. This suggests smaller incisions may help maintain activity levels during hospitalization.
• PTCohort2017Potentially Preventable Within-Stay Readmissions Among Medicare Fee-for-Service Beneficiaries Receiving Inpatient Rehabilitation.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationDuring inpatient rehabilitation, 3.5% of Medicare stays were readmitted for conditions considered potentially preventable. Older age, male sex, prior hospitalizations, long acute stay, ICU use, more comorbidities, and lower function marked higher risk. Infections accounted for 36.8% of these readmissions.
• PTOther2018Effects of pelvic tilt angles and forced vital capacity in healthy individuals.Journal of physical therapy scienceHealthy adults had higher peak flow and one-second breath out when pelvis was neutral on a stability ball than tilted 10° forward or back. Peak flow was not clearly higher than back tilt.
• PTOther2018Correlation between pulmonary functions and respiratory muscle activity in patients with forward head posture.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn 24 patients with forward head posture, larger neck angle was linked to higher forced vital capacity, while smaller neck angle was linked to more neck muscle activity during breathing.
• PTOther2018Correlation between diaphragm thickness and respiratory synergist muscle activity according to severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn men with COPD, thinner diaphragm was associated with more neck muscle activity, while greater diaphragm thickness was associated with more rib cage muscle activity in mild disease. The study did not test treatment effects.
• PTOther2018Plasma Leptin and Reduced FEV1 and FVC in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationIn chronic spinal cord injury, higher plasma leptin was linked to lower FEV1 and FVC, even after accounting for BMI and injury severity. Adiponectin showed no association.
• PTRCT2018Effects of Respiratory Training on Heart Rate Variability and Baroreflex Sensitivity in Individuals With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationIn 44 people with chronic spinal cord injury, 20 sessions of combined inspiratory and expiratory training improved breathing capacity and heart-rate reflex measures. Sitting blood pressure response did not show a clear change.
• PTRCT2018Feasibility of a home-based exercise intervention with remote guidance for patients with stable grade II and III gliomas: a pilot randomized controlled trial.Clinical rehabilitationMost exercise participants completed a home exercise programme combining prescribed aerobic activity, patient choice, a heart-rate watch, weekly upload, and remote physiotherapist feedback. Average adherence was 79%, aerobic fitness improved by 6.0% from baseline, and no exercise-induced injuries occurred, but recruitment was poor.
• PTOTCohort2018Association between knee extensor strength and pulmonary function in the female elderly.Journal of physical therapy scienceKnee extensor strength correlates with lung capacity in older women, explaining about a third of the variance in vital capacity. Stronger legs are associated with better breathing, but the cross-sectional design cannot prove that leg exercises improve lung function.
• PTOther2018Oxygen cost of thoracic and diaphragmatic breathing during hyperventilation in healthy males.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn 10 healthy men, diaphragmatic breathing used less oxygen per kilogram of body weight than thoracic breathing during brief hyperventilation, by 1.0 ml/kg. The oxygen cost of breathing was also lower, but patients and exercise were not tested.
• PTOther2018Effect of increased functional residual capacity on the active range of thoracic axial rotation in healthy young men.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn 39 healthy young men, adding 500, 1,000, 1,500, or 2,000 ml above resting exhalation reduced supine thoracic axial rotation. The reduction occurred on both sides.
• PTOther2018Effects of expiratory muscle training on the frail elderly's respiratory function.Journal of physical therapy scienceAfter three months of expiratory muscle training, 29 frail elderly day-care users showed small increases in vital capacity and peak expiratory flow, while other breathing measures did not show the same change. The study had no control group.
• PTOther2018Relationship between advanced glycation end-product accumulation in the skin and pulmonary function.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn older adults with normal spirometry, higher skin AGE buildup and more pack-years were linked to lower FEV1/FVC. In younger adults, skin AGE buildup was not linked to FEV1/FVC. This is an association, not proof of cause.
• PTOther2018Effects of inspiratory muscle training on pulmonary functions and muscle strength in sedentary hemodialysis patients.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn 15 sedentary hemodialysis patients, 12 weeks of inspiratory muscle training during dialysis improved lung function and breathing muscle strength, but oxygen saturation and FEV1/FVC ratio did not. No control group means training alone cannot be proven.
• PTCohort2018Changes in exercise tolerance and quality of life are unrelated in lung cancer survivors who undergo video-assisted thoracic surgery.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn 36 lung cancer survivors after minimally invasive thoracic surgery, changes in walking and strength tests were not related to changes in quality of life. Grip, walking, and endurance recovered by 4 weeks, but physical quality-of-life scores stayed below baseline.
• PTRCT2017Upper extremity resistance exercise with elastic bands for respiratory function in children with cerebral palsy.Journal of physical therapy scienceAdding elastic band arm exercises to standard therapy did not significantly improve breathing capacity in children with cerebral palsy. However, it did significantly increase grip strength and showed a trend toward better expiratory muscle strength, though the study was too small to confirm benefits.
• PTPilot2017Immediate effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on six-minute walking test, Borg scale questionnaire and hemodynamic responses in patients with chronic heart failure.Journal of physical therapy scienceApplying TENS to the quadriceps immediately before walking allowed patients with chronic heart failure to walk significantly further and report less fatigue than when they received placebo or no stimulation.
• PTOther2017The correlation between diaphragm thickness, diaphragmatic excursion, and pulmonary function in patients with chronic stroke.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn chronic stroke, paretic-side diaphragm movement and thickness at full inspiration were linked to higher FVC and FEV1. No treatment was tested, so this does not show that diaphragm training will improve breathing.
• PTSystematic Review2017Robotic assisted gait as a tool for rehabilitation of individuals with spinal cord injury: a systematic review.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationRobotic gait training for spinal cord injury was described as helping walking, cardiorespiratory, sensory and functional outcomes, but this review did not compare devices or show that a device causes a specific outcome.
• PTOTSLPCase Series2017Prospective investigation of FOXP1 syndrome.Molecular autismChildren with FOXP1 mutations had delayed speech and language, motor and visual-motor deficits, and universal dysarthria. Expressive language tested better than receptive. Early PT, SLP, and OT were recommended, not tested.
• PTRCT2018Effect of trunk stabilization exercises on trunk muscle activation using different respiratory conditions.Journal of physical therapy scienceAfter four weeks, trunk stabilization with expiration or inspiration showed no clear between-group difference in muscle activity or endurance, although both groups improved.
• PTOther2018The best body spot to detect the vital capacity from the respiratory movement data obtained by the wearable strain sensor.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn 30 healthy men, sensor-measured chest-abdomen movement correlated with spirometer vital capacity, strongest at the 10th rib. This helps choose a sensor site, but the study did not test patients or treatment effects.
• PTPilot2018Comparison of two instructions for deep breathing exercise: non-specific and diaphragmatic breathing.Journal of physical therapy scienceSimple 'slow and deep' instructions produced similar or better breathing measures than diaphragmatic instructions in healthy young adults, and more participants found them comfortable.
• PTOTCase-Control2018Impairments of postural control, functional performance and strength in morbidly obese patients awaiting bariatric surgery in comparison to healthy individuals.Journal of physical therapy scienceMorbidly obese patients awaiting surgery had slower walk-and-turn times and poorer balance than matched lean controls. Absolute strength was similar, but strength relative to body weight and lean mass was lower. Aerobic capacity was impaired when adjusted for body weight.
• PTOther2018Relationship of Spinal Cord Injury Level and Duration to Peak Aerobic Capacity With Arms-Only and Hybrid Functional Electrical Stimulation Rowing.American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitationIn 24 people with spinal cord injury, FES-rowing, combining arm rowing with leg electrical stimulation, produced higher peak aerobic capacity than arms-only rowing, averaging 20.8% higher. Larger differences occurred with higher injury levels and injuries under 2 years.
• PTRCT2018The effect of respiratory exercise on trunk control, pulmonary function, and trunk muscle activity in chronic stroke patients.Journal of physical therapy scienceAdding 20 minutes of respiratory exercise to neurodevelopmental treatment for 4 weeks improved trunk control and breathing measures in 24 patients with chronic stroke, compared with neurodevelopmental treatment alone.
• PTOTSLPPilot2018Improved lower extremity pedaling mechanics in individuals with stroke under maximal workloads.Topics in stroke rehabilitationPedaling symmetry and smoothness improved at maximal workloads, but upstroke control worsened. The paretic leg generated more force overall, yet the non-paretic leg gained more, increasing asymmetry during the upstroke. High-intensity cycling recruits more motor units but may expose timing deficits.
• PTOther2018Changes in ventilation mechanics during expiratory rib cage compression in healthy males.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn six healthy men lying down, manual rib cage compression during expiration made breaths deeper and slower, reduced lung volume after breathing out, and increased resistance to breathing. It did not increase lung volume beyond quiet breathing.
• PTOTCohort2018Changes in biopsychosocial outcomes for a mixed cohort of ICU survivors.The South African journal of physiotherapyPhysical quality of life scores improved over 6 months among 24 ICU survivors. Muscle strength scores changed, while walking distance and mental health changed less clearly, and depression screening stayed mild.
• PTOther2018Effects of incremental cardiorespiratory exercise on the speech rate and the estimated exercise intensity using the counting talk test.Journal of physical therapy scienceHealthy young adults counted faster while walking on a treadmill than at rest, but the counting test did not reliably separate nearby exercise stages. Do not use it alone to prescribe exercise intensity.
• PTOTSLPCohort2017Early Therapy Services Following Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Discharge.Physical & occupational therapy in pediatricsMost preterm infants left the NICU with a therapy referral, but 13 of 57 never received therapy by age two. PT was used more often and started earlier on average than OT or SLP.