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Paediatrics research

Everything we have read on paediatrics. Each paper is summarised from the full article rather than its abstract, so the limitations are in there too, and the funding wherever the paper declares it.

2,466 PAPERS · PAGE 9 OF 50 · NEWEST FIRST

• OTOther2018Influence of functional mobility and manual function on play in preschool children with cerebral palsy.Hong Kong journal of occupational therapy : HKJOTPreschool children with CP scored lower than typical peers in all play areas. Worse mobility and hand use were associated with poorer movement and object play, but not pretend play or social participation.
• PTOTSurvey2019The role of perceived family social support and parental solicitous responses in adjustment to bothersome pain in young people with physical disabilities.Disability and rehabilitationIn young people with physical disabilities and pain, parental solicitous responses were associated with more pain interference and catastrophizing. General family support was associated with less pain interference. The protective effect of family support on catastrophizing depended on age.
• OTPilot2019Functional changes through the usage of 3D-printed transitional prostheses in children.Disability and rehabilitation. Assistive technologyIn 11 children without a separate control group, about 24 weeks of using a 3D-printed transitional prosthesis increased the affected-limb block-moving score, but wrist strength did not increase significantly.
• OTSLPOther2019Factor Analysis of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale in a Sample of Two Year Olds with an Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disordersIn 282 toddlers with autism diagnoses, CARS items grouped into three domains: social communication, repetitive behaviors and sensory sensitivities, and emotional reactivity. Total scores alone may hide uneven symptom profiles.
• PTOTSLPCohort2018Risk Factors for Self-injurious Behavior in an Inpatient Psychiatric Sample of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Naturalistic Observation Study.Journal of autism and developmental disordersIn 302 psychiatric inpatients with autism, 67.5% had self-injury at home, but only 24.8% showed daily self-injury in the hospital. Lower cognitive ability and high parent-rated self-injury predicted hospital risk. Most children with home self-injury did not display it in the hospital.
• OTCohort2019Friendships and social participation as markers of quality of life of adolescents and adults with fragile X syndrome and autism.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceAdolescents and adults with fragile X syndrome and autism rarely had mutual friends. The fragile X group was more likely to have a friend than the autism group, but behavior problems may explain the difference.
• OTSLPCase-Control2019Brief Report: The ADOS Calibrated Severity Score Best Measures Autism Diagnostic Symptom Severity in Pre-School Children.Journal of autism and developmental disordersIn preschool children with autism, the ADOS calibrated severity score was less tied to expressive language abilities, adaptive behavior, and background factors than the ADOS total score or clinician ratings.
• OTSLPPilot2018Social Participation and Navigation (SPAN): Description and usability of app-based coaching intervention for adolescents with TBI.Developmental neurorehabilitationFour adolescents with brain injury used an app, a website, and weekly coaching for four weeks. Feedback was positive and two achieved social participation goals. Measured social and behavior scores did not show a clear change.
• OTSLPCase-Control2018Predictors of Inpatient Psychiatric Hospitalization for Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disordersMood disorders, sleep problems, and higher social communication severity were associated with psychiatric hospitalization in children and adolescents with ASD. Higher adaptive functioning and married caregiver status were associated with lower likelihood.
• PTOTPilot2018Preliminary findings of altered functional connectivity of the default mode network linked to functional outcomes one year after pediatric traumatic brain injury.Developmental neurorehabilitationOne year after mild to moderate brain injury, children showed altered brain network connections associated with poorer complex motor inhibition. Basic motor speed and simple inhibition were not related. This is preliminary evidence from 11 injured and 11 uninjured children.
• PTOTSLPOther2019The Gestalt of functioning in autism spectrum disorder: Results of the international conference to develop final consensus International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health core sets.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceExperts chose a list of autism functioning areas to assess: daily tasks, participation, environment and supports across ages. This is a framework, not evidence that a treatment works.
• OTSLPQualitative2019Educator perspectives on the postsecondary transition difficulties of students with autism.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceEducators said students with autism relied on parents for choices and supports after high school. They also identified casual conversation, problem solving, and schedule management as key transition difficulties.
• OTCohort2018Prematurity may negatively impact means-end problem solving across the first two years of life.Research in developmental disabilitiesPreterm infants took longer to shift toward goal-directed object-to-goal problem solving through 24 months. Full-term infants were more likely to pull a towel or spin a turntable to get a toy. Early object exploration was associated with later success, so offer varied object play.
• PTOTOther2018Hand-Use-at-Home Questionnaire: validity and reliability in children with neonatal brachial plexus palsy or unilateral cerebral palsy.Clinical rehabilitationParents can use the Hand-Use-at-Home questionnaire to report how often a child with one weak arm spontaneously uses it at home. Scores were stable over two to four weeks and related to severity, but ability alone did not fully predict use.
• PTOTSLPCohort2018Participation in Daily Life: Influence on Quality of Life in Ambulatory Children with Cerebral Palsy.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationHigher overall participation linked to better psychosocial and total quality of life in children with cerebral palsy. However, simply doing activities more often correlated with lower quality of life scores. Satisfaction with participation did not predict quality of life.
• OTSLPQualitative2018The importance of context in early autism intervention: A qualitative South African study.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceSouth African caregivers of young children said early autism intervention should consider family language, culture, home setting, cost, and stigma. They preferred in-home therapy, language-matched providers, and speech or occupational therapists over local community workers.
• OTPilot2018Preliminary efficacy of a daily living skills intervention for adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceSeven adolescents with high-functioning autism completed a 12-week group program teaching daily living skills. Participants showed significant improvement in cooking, laundry, and morning routines, with gains maintained at six-month follow-up. Money management skills improved less, suggesting this area needs more practice time.
• PTOTCohort2018Two-Year Longitudinal Changes in Lower Limb Strength and Its Relation to Loss in Function in a Large Cohort of Patients With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitationOver two years, strength normalized to body size declined in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, widening the gap with healthy peers. However, changes in leg strength only modestly predicted loss of walking ability. Plantar flexor strength was a better predictor of losing function than knee extensor strength.
• OTSLPCase-Control2019Concordance between physiological arousal and emotion expression during fear in young children with autism spectrum disorders.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceNo clear group difference was found in the link between arousal and expression during fear in young children with autism and typical children. Both groups showed similar heart rate and visible fear responses. Low visible fear does not prove low internal arousal.
• OTCohort2018Health care utilization among children with chronic conditions in military families.Disability and health journalAmong 140,533 military children with chronic conditions, those with both behavioral and physical conditions used more care. In one year, 20.1% had inpatient stays, versus 10.0% with physical conditions only and 7.8% with behavioral conditions only.
• OTSurvey2018Parent Expectations and Preparatory Activities as Adolescents with ASD Transition to Adulthood.Journal of autism and developmental disordersParents of adolescent females with ASD reported lower expectations for their future and enrolled daughters in adult-roles classes far more often than sons. Higher expectations predicted some transition talks and activities, but not all.
• PTOTSLPCase Report2019Intrathecal baclofen in metachromatic leukodystrophy.Developmental medicine and child neurologyTen non-walking children with metachromatic leukodystrophy received intrathecal baclofen. Doses increased steadily over six months as the disease progressed. Families reported clear improvements in comfort and daily care, though no standardized outcome measures were used.
• PTOTCohort2018Brief Report: Postural Balance and Daily Living Skills in Children and Adolescents with Autism.Journal of autism and developmental disordersPostural balance predicted daily living skills only in children with ASD and IQs of 104 or lower. For those with IQs above 104, balance scores showed no relation to daily living performance, suggesting higher-IQ individuals may already use strategies to compensate for balance challenges.
• PTOTSLPOther2018State-Level Trends in the Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) from 2000 to 2012: A Reanalysis of Findings from the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Network.Journal of autism and developmental disordersASD prevalence varied widely by state from 2000 to 2012. State differences grew over time, with 2012 estimates ranging from 6.9 to 24.6 cases per 1000 8-year-olds. A national average can hide large state differences.
• OTSLPCohort2018Adaptive Behaviour and Cognitive Skills: Stability and Change from 7 Months to 7 Years in Siblings at High Familial Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disordersHigh-risk siblings scored lower than low-risk siblings on cognitive and adaptive tests from infancy to age 7. Among high-risk children, those later diagnosed with ASD showed worsening daily living and social skills over time.
• OTSLPMeta-Analysis2018The Association Between Emotional and Behavioral Problems in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Psychological Distress in Their Parents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of autism and developmental disordersParents of children with autism report higher stress and mental health problems when their child has more emotional and behavioral difficulties. This link holds even after accounting for the child's autism severity, though it is weaker when a different person rates the child's behavior.
• PTOTSLPSurvey2018The development and testing of a module on child functioning for identifying children with disabilities on surveys. III: Field testing.Disability and health journalCaregiver reports on the Child Functioning Module can flag children with functional difficulties. Stricter severity thresholds, especially for behaviour and daily anxiety or depression, give more consistent estimates and fewer false positives than counting any difficulty.
• OTOther2018Associations Between Disruptive Behavior Problems, Parenting Factors, and Sleep Problems Among Young Children.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBPIn preschool children at risk for behavior problems, more oppositional behavior and inconsistent discipline were linked to bedtime and sleep routine problems. Higher parenting stress was linked to night wakings. These are associations, not proof of cause.
• PTOTSLPPilot2018Effectiveness of a SCERTS Model-Based Intervention for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Hong Kong: A Pilot Study.Journal of autism and developmental disordersChildren with autism in Hong Kong improved on communication, emotion and motor scores after a SCERTS-based programme delivered within usual centre care, but with no control group, maturation or other components cannot be separated.
• OTCohort2018Stability of bullying and internalizing problems among adolescents with ASD, ID, or typical development.Research in developmental disabilitiesAdolescents with autism or intellectual disability reported less frequent bullying by age 15, but incidents were more severe and chronic. Those with autism showed the highest internalizing symptoms, which predicted later victimization. Friendship quality declined across all groups, with those with disabilities reporting the lowest warmth and reciprocity.
• PTOTSurvey2018Leisure Participation Patterns for School Age Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Findings from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health.Journal of autism and developmental disordersSchool-age children with autism had lower participation in physical, skill, and jobs or chores activities, especially from age 11 to 17. Screen-based recreation was similar, but social participation was lower at age 16 to 17.
• OTOther2018Intrinsic and Extrinsic Predictors of Emotion Regulation in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disordersChildren with autism showed more emotional dysregulation when alone than with a parent. Higher autism symptom levels were linked with more dysregulation in both situations. Better parent support was linked with less dysregulation only while the parent helped.
• OTRCT2018Demonstration of Parent Training to Address Early Self-Injury in Young Children with Intellectual and Developmental Delays.Journal of autism and developmental disordersParent-reported self-injury scores fell after 11 weeks of parent training in 11 young children with delays. Injury risk and parent stress did not change. The open pilot had no control group.
• OTOther2019Measuring Dynamic Symptom Response in Concussion: Children's Exertional Effects Rating Scale.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationFour symptoms rated before and after cognitive testing and questionnaires separated children still recovering from concussion from uninjured and recovered children. Symptom increases were common in not-recovered children, but use cautiously at ages 5-7.
• OTRCT2019Benefits of Methylphenidate for Long-Term Attention Problems After Traumatic Brain Injury in Childhood: A Randomized, Double-Masked, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Titration, Crossover Trial.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationLong-acting methylphenidate lowered parent-reported attention symptoms in children with persistent attention problems after pediatric TBI more than placebo. The paper describes this as an approximate mean change from baseline of 12.5 points on the Vanderbilt parent total symptom score. Child self-report did not differ.
• OTCohort2018Transitional Dynamics of Household Food Insecurity Impact Children's Developmental Outcomes.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBPWorsening food insecurity was linked to lower first-grade math and working memory scores. Marginal food insecurity was linked to worse self-control and interpersonal skills, but no food insecurity category was linked to internalizing behaviors.
• OTSLPCohort2018Relationship Between Advanced Maternal Age and Timing of First Developmental Evaluation in Children with Autism.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBPHaving an older mother did not independently predict earlier developmental evaluation or faster diagnosis once family background was taken into account. The apparent link was explained by socioeconomic and demographic factors.
• OTSLPOther2019Subtyping the Autism Spectrum Disorder: Comparison of Children with High Functioning Autism and Asperger Syndrome.Journal of autism and developmental disordersChildren previously labelled Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism looked similar in core autism features, but the Asperger group had higher IQ, more pedantic speech, and fewer language and school difficulties. The old labels did not map cleanly onto DSM-5 severity levels.
• PTOTSLPSurvey2019Austerity and families with disabled children: a European survey.Developmental medicine and child neurologyAcross Europe, families with disabled children and professionals reported services were worse than 3 years ago and needs were less well met than 10 years ago. Families in countries with spending cuts reported harder access to welfare support.
• OTSLPCohort2019Physical health in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.Journal of autism and developmental disordersChildren who screened positive for autism, ADHD or learning disorders had more physical problems than children who did not screen positive. Epilepsy, migraine, asthma, gut symptoms and daytime wetting were common, and having several disorders together was linked to more problems.
• OTOther2018Psychometric Evaluation of the Short Sensory Profile in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disordersIn 388 children with autism, the Short Sensory Profile did not fit its usual subscale structure. Only taste/smell, movement, and low energy scores held up. Its total score mixed several unrelated sensory behaviours and should not be treated as one sensory problem.
• OTOther2019The Influence of Noise on Autonomic Arousal and Cognitive Performance in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disordersAdolescents with ASD and matched peers showed similar working memory changes when 75 dB noise was added. Noise improved the easier task and tended to worsen the harder task, but only the ASD group had rising heart rate on the harder noisy task.
• OTCohort2019Bidirectional relationships between bullying, victimization and emotion experience in boys with and without autism.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceIn autistic boys, higher anger and lower guilt tracked with more later bullying, while victimization tracked with more anger and fear. Fear was linked to victimization more strongly in boys without autism. These are links, not treatment effects.
• OTSLPCohort2018Sensory features as predictors of adaptive behaviors: A comparative longitudinal study of children with autism spectrum disorder and other developmental disabilities.Research in developmental disabilitiesEarly parent-reported muted responses and exaggerated responses were linked to lower daily living and overall adaptive skills years later in both autism and other developmental disability groups. Parent-reported sensory seeking was linked to lower adaptive skills in autism but higher in other disabilities.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2018Physical Therapy Management of Congenital Muscular Torticollis: A 2018 Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline From the APTA Academy of Pediatric Physical Therapy.Pediatric physical therapy : the official publication of the Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy AssociationStart physical therapy within the first month of life for infants with congenital muscular torticollis. This guideline emphasizes that early intervention leads to faster resolution and reduces the need for surgery, while recommending a comprehensive approach that includes parent education and environmental adaptations.
• PTOTSLPCase-Control2018Comparison of maternal beliefs about causes of autism spectrum disorder and association with utilization of services and treatments.Child: care, health and developmentMothers’ causal beliefs were linked to service use. Believing environmental, vaccine, or medication causes was linked to more complementary and alternative medicine, and not knowing a cause was linked to more conventional medication. Ask families what they believe.
• OTCase-Control2019Early life influences on child weight outcomes in the Study to Explore Early Development.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceMaternal overweight/obesity before pregnancy and excess gestational weight gain were linked to preschool overweight/obesity across ASD, DD, and typical development. Children with ASD had the highest frequency of rapid infant weight gain, and it was linked to their overweight/obesity. No intervention was tested.
• OTOther2018Relationship between frontal assessment battery scores and activities of daily living/instrumental activities of daily living ability in older adults.Journal of physical therapy scienceHigher FAB scores were strongly related to higher ADL/IADL functional age in 85 Japanese older adults. Mean FAB score was 9.1 points and mean functional age was 6.3 years, but this is association, not proof.
• OTSLPCohort2019Longitudinal assessment of stability of sensory features in children with autism spectrum disorder or other developmental disabilities.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchSome sensory problems eased over time, but children with more severe problems at the first visit usually stayed relatively worse. More occupational, speech-language, or total therapy hours were linked to worse later sensory problems, not better.
• PTOTSystematic Review2018Efficacy of high intensity laser therapy in the management of foot ulcers: a systematic review.Journal of physical therapy scienceHigh intensity laser therapy reduced wound size more than sham laser or standard care alone in three small trials. The evidence is weak because the studies were not blinded and varied widely in how they delivered the treatment.