TOPIC

Paediatrics research

Everything we have read on paediatrics. Each paper is summarised from the full article rather than its abstract, so the limitations are in there too, and the funding wherever the paper declares it.

2,466 PAPERS · PAGE 10 OF 50 · NEWEST FIRST

• PTOTCohort2019Long-term course of difficulty in participation of individuals with cerebral palsy aged 16 to 34 years: a prospective cohort study.Developmental medicine and child neurologyDifficulty in participation increased in young adults with cerebral palsy during their mid-to-late 20s. While average scores remained high, many individuals reported trouble in housing, relationships, education, employment, and recreation, suggesting a need for targeted support during this transition.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2019Effect of continuous intrathecal baclofen therapy in children: a systematic review.Developmental medicine and child neurologyMost evidence is low quality. Spasticity and dystonia likely improve, but functional gains are small. Complications are common. Goals must be defined carefully for each child.
• PTOTCohort2019Prematurity and cardiovascular risk at early adulthood.Child: care, health and developmentYoung adults born preterm had higher systolic blood pressure and lower weight than full-term peers, despite no significant differences in most other cardiovascular markers. High rates of pre-hypertension were observed in both preterm and full-term males, suggesting a broad risk in this age group.
• PTOTQualitative2019"Look, Your Muscles Are Firing!": A Qualitative Study of Clinician Perspectives on the Use of Surface Electromyography in Neurorehabilitation.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationClinicians rarely use surface EMG in neurorehabilitation, citing lack of time, training, and evidence. They want simple, waterproof, low-cost systems with intuitive apps that show patients early progress. Current tools fail to meet these needs, preventing routine clinical uptake.
• PTOTMeta-Analysis2019Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Pediatric Motor Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationTranscranial direct current stimulation appears safe and tolerable for children with motor disorders. It improved some gait measures and reduced spasticity, but effects on balance, hand function, and daily activities were inconsistent or absent. Most studies were small and often combined tDCS with other therapies.
• PTOTSystematic Review2018Assessment of upper limb use in children with typical development and neurodevelopmental disorders by inertial sensors: a systematic review.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationWearable sensors on both wrists can objectively measure upper limb movement in children. They distinguish typical development from neurodevelopmental disorders and track asymmetry. Current evidence is too limited by small sample sizes and varied methods to recommend them as standard clinical tools yet.
• OTSLPCohort2018Infant quantitative risk for autism spectrum disorder predicts executive function in early childhood.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchAt 3.5 years, children whose parents reported more sensory-regulatory behaviors at 12 months showed more parent-reported executive-function difficulties. This remained after accounting for later ASD symptoms. Social-communication risk did not.
• OTSLPCohort2019Clinical correlates of sluggish cognitive tempo in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceIn adolescents with autism, sluggish cognitive tempo symptoms were linked to higher autism severity and more anxiety or depression. Attention-deficit symptoms were linked to more rule-breaking. Both were linked to daily executive function problems, but sluggish tempo specifically related to planning and memory.
• OTOther2018Alterations in electrophysiological indices of perceptual processing and discrimination are associated with co-occurring emotional and behavioural problems in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.Molecular autismIn adolescents with autism, stronger brain response to unexpected sound differences was linked to more parent-rated behaviour problems, but this link faded when autism severity was considered. More anxiety symptoms were linked to stronger brain response to the first repeated sound after a change.
• PTOTOther2018Machine learning algorithms for activity recognition in ambulant children and adolescents with cerebral palsy.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationMachine learning models accurately identified brisk walking and sedentary time in children with cerebral palsy using wrist or hip sensors. Combining both locations improved accuracy. Comfortable walking was often misclassified as brisk walking, so current models cannot reliably distinguish walking speeds.
• PTOTOther2018A Tablet-Based Interactive Movement Tool for Pediatric Rehabilitation: Development and Preliminary Usability Evaluation.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologiesSeven pediatric therapists found the prototype movement toy hard to operate: selecting games, configuring keys, and moving panels caused frequent failures. They liked its head, foot, and tactile options, but changes are needed before testing with children.
• OTQualitative2019A mixed-methods process evaluation of Family Navigation implementation for autism spectrum disorder.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceNavigators often struggle to set up community services and engage families, while training and fidelity monitoring are easily overlooked. Implementation fails when systems are complex, requiring better resource inventories and consistent supervision rather than just adding more steps.
• OTSLPOther2019ASD Comorbidity in Fragile X Syndrome: Symptom Profile and Predictors of Symptom Severity in Adolescent and Young Adult Males.Journal of autism and developmental disordersIn adolescent and young adult males with fragile X syndrome, weaker sentence construction was associated with more severe autism symptoms, especially social communication symptoms. Repetitive behaviors were associated with nonverbal IQ and anxiety, avoidance, or hyperactivity.
• OTOther2019Variation in restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests relates to inhibitory control and shifting in children with autism spectrum disorder.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceChildren with autism who showed more restricted interests and rituals also had more trouble ignoring conflicting cues on a Stroop task and more parent-reported difficulty shifting. Both abilities were linked independently of age and IQ.
• PTOTSLPCohort2019Associations of Participation-Focused Strategies and Rehabilitation Service Use With Caregiver Stress After Pediatric Critical Illness.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationAfter PICU discharge, caregivers whose children received PICU rehabilitation and reported home participation strategies had stress that declined over 6 months. Strategies alone were not shown to lower stress. This is not proof that rehabilitation caused the change.
• PTOTCase Report2019Impacts of early powered mobility provision on disability identity: A case study.Rehabilitation psychologyChildren with cerebral palsy experienced early powered mobility differently. Sam's wheelchair was tied to choice and play; Jamie's ride-on car was tied to school play, while his mother saw it as delaying a wheelchair.
• PTOTNarrative Review2018Transcranial direct current stimulation for promoting motor function in cerebral palsy: a review.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationtDCS paired with training was linked to better walking speed, balance and mobility in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy, but upper limb motor gains remain unclear.
• PTOTNarrative Review2018Why orthotic devices could be of help in the management of Movement Disorders in the young.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationUpper-limb orthoses for dyskinetic children have limited evidence. Small studies and reviews show mixed effects on hand and motor function. Customised, dynamic, low-force devices are proposed, not proven.
• OTCohort2019Healthcare Utilization and Missed Workdays for Parents of Children With Traumatic Brain Injury.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationParents of children with traumatic brain injury missed more work and used more healthcare services than parents of children with other injuries, especially in the first 6 months. The burden grew with injury severity.
• OTOther2019Bimanual coordination during a physically coupled task in unilateral spastic cerebral palsy children.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationDuring a two-handed lifting task, children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy took longer, squeezed harder, and moved jerkily than typical peers, but the overall grip and lift relationship was not worse than typical peers, and they did not show excessive early grip.
• PTOTOther2019PROMIS Physical and Emotional Health Scores Are Worse in Musculoskeletal Patients Presenting to Physiatrists than to Other Orthopedic Specialists.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationPatients choosing physiatrists reported worse physical and emotional health than those seeing surgeons or other specialists. This holds true even after adjusting for age, sex, and race. Clinicians should expect higher baseline symptom burden and potential biopsychosocial complexity in this referral group.
• OTSurvey2019Leisure time and family functioning in families living with autism spectrum disorder.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceFamilies with a child with autism spent similar leisure time as comparison families, but reported lower leisure satisfaction and poorer family functioning. They also showed a trend toward lower satisfaction with family life. These are associations, not proof that changing leisure improves outcomes.
• OTSLPCase-Control2018Aberrant functional connectivity of neural circuits associated with social and sensorimotor deficits in young children with autism spectrum disorder.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchBrain scans under sedation showed weaker links in social/language networks and stronger links in sensorimotor/visual networks in 29 children with autism and 29 matched controls. These patterns tracked social and repetitive behavior scores, but did not test therapy.
• PTOTSLPMeta-Analysis2019Childhood neurodevelopment after prescription of maintenance methadone for opioid dependency in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Developmental medicine and child neurologyAt 6 months, mental and motor score differences were small and uncertain. By age 2, exposed children scored lower on those tests, and some had abnormal visual tests. This cannot prove methadone caused it; other drug exposure and other differences were common.
• OTSurvey2018Assessing subtypes of restricted and repetitive behaviour using the Adult Repetitive Behaviour Questionnaire-2 in autistic adults.Molecular autismIn autistic adults, the RBQ-2A questionnaire sorted repetitive behaviours into two clusters: insistence on sameness and repetitive sensory/motor behaviours. Repetitive sensory/motor behaviours were lower in adults aged 50 to 66, while gender did not differ.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2019Are Children Severely Affected by Autism Spectrum Disorder Underrepresented in Treatment Studies? An Analysis of the Literature.Journal of autism and developmental disordersAutism treatment studies increasingly exclude severely affected children. Communication ability is rarely reported, and when it is, dozens of different measures are used. This makes it difficult to know if published trials actually apply to non-verbal or intellectually disabled patients.
• OTSystematic Review2019A systematic review of ayres sensory integration intervention for children with autism.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchAyres Sensory Integration delivered by occupational therapists met special education evidence criteria for children with autism, IQ above 65, ages 4 to 12. The positive studies used individualized, play-based ASI with fidelity checks, not isolated sensory protocols.
• OTSLPCohort2019Early emergence of discrepancy in adaptive behavior and cognitive skills in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceToddlers with autism or subthreshold autism features and average nonverbal cognition increasingly scored below average on adaptive socialization and daily living by 36 months, while cognitive scores stayed stable. The gap appeared early.
• OTSLPCohort2019Growth mixture models of adaptive behavior in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceMost high school students with autism showed teacher-reported gains in communication, daily living, and socialization, but their scores stayed below age expectations. Students in programs rated higher for independence were more likely to be in the improving groups.
• PTOTRCT2019Evaluation of biomechanical gait parameters of patients with Cerebral Palsy at three different levels of gait assistance using the CPWalker.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationWalking with the CPWalker robot slowed children down and shortened their stride compared to walking without it. The device restricted movement, reducing speed and pelvic motion during use, with no immediate carryover to unassisted walking.
• OTCohort2019Pregnancy course, infant outcomes, rehospitalization, and mortality among women with intellectual disability.Disability and health journalWomen with intellectual disability had higher risks of inadequate prenatal care, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, small-for-gestational-age infants, longer delivery hospital stays, and less breastfeeding. Their two-year rehospitalization risk was not higher.
• PTOTSLPPilot2019The effect of the Hambisela programme on stress levels and quality of life of primary caregivers of children with cerebral palsy: A pilot study.The South African journal of physiotherapyCaregiver stress and total quality of life did not significantly change after Hambisela. Daily activities became more stressful. This underpowered pilot cannot show whether the programme helps.
• PTOTSLPOther2019Validation of the Simplified Chinese Psychoeducational Profile Third Edition in Mainland China.Journal of autism and developmental disordersAfter Mandarin and everyday-item changes, the Simplified Chinese PEP-3 gave stable scores and was related to other child-development measures, so it can help therapists profile strengths and weaknesses in Mandarin-speaking children with ASD in mainland China. It does not prove treatment works.
• OTSurvey2019Factors associated with depression and anxiety in children with intellectual disabilities.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDRChildren with intellectual disability who also had autism, ADHD, frequent pain, or bullying were more likely to have depression or anxiety. Hispanic children with intellectual disability and children with Down syndrome were less likely. This cannot show cause.
• OTSLPSurvey2019Treatment patterns in children with autism in the United States.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchMost US children with autism received several non-drug therapies, with speech therapy the most common and usually school-based. Rural residence was linked to less therapy and lower intensity; insurance type was not consistently linked to therapy.
• OTCohort2019Transactional Relations Between Parenting Stress and Child Autism Symptoms and Behavior Problems.Journal of autism and developmental disordersParenting stress predicted later increases in child internalizing and externalizing behavior problems, while child ASD symptoms predicted later parenting stress. These bidirectional links varied by parent and time, suggesting interventions should target both parental distress and child behavior simultaneously.
• OTSystematic Review2019Family factors associated with participation of children with disabilities: a systematic review.Developmental medicine and child neurologyLower parental education, lower socio-economic status, poorer parental mental health, lower self-efficacy, less support, less time, and less activity orientation were associated with reduced participation in children with disabilities. Family income was inconsistent.
• OTSLPNarrative Review2018Changing Developmental Trajectories of Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Strategies for Bridging Research to Community Practice.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHRIn toddlers with autism, a parent-implemented model combining coaching, routines, communication targets, and instruction produced greater gains in engagement and communication than weekly group support. The paper did not isolate which parts mattered.
• PTOTSLPCohort2019Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Spinal Cord Injuries: A Population-Based Study.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationMothers with spinal cord injury, paralysis, or spina bifida faced high risks of infection, blood clots, and preterm birth. Infants were often born early or small. However, these babies did not have higher rates of hospitalization or death in their first two years compared to other infants.
• OTPilot2019Evaluating the effects of multisystemic therapy for adolescents with intellectual disabilities and antisocial or delinquent behaviour and their parents.Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARIDFor adolescents with intellectual disabilities and delinquent behaviour, the main outcomes did not differ at treatment end. At 6 months, more adolescents lived at home after MST-ID than standard MST, and rule-breaking and police contact decreased after MST-ID.
• OTOther2019Temperament Similarities and Differences: A Comparison of Factor Structures from the Behavioral Style Questionnaire in Children with and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disordersParent temperament ratings did not cleanly match the Behavioral Style Questionnaire's original subscales in children with autism or typical children. Some traits grouped similarly, but autism showed an extra negative social interaction pattern, and several subscales did not score consistently.
• OTOther2019Development of a Brief Screen for Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Young Children: The Young Child PTSD Screen.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBPIn 284 trauma-exposed young children, a brief parent screen flagged every child with five or more PTSD symptoms, but it also flagged many below that threshold. A negative result was reassuring; a positive result needs full assessment.
• PTOTOther2019Actigraph assessment for measuring upper limb activity in unilateral cerebral palsy.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationWrist sensors used during play separated children with unilateral cerebral palsy from typically developing peers, and greater hand difficulty showed greater asymmetry. This supports actigraphy as an objective measure of arm use.
• PTOTSystematic Review2019Interventions to improve upper limb function for children with bilateral cerebral palsy: a systematic review.Developmental medicine and child neurologyEvidence on upper limb treatments for children with bilateral cerebral palsy is limited and mixed. Some programmes showed gains, but most studies were small, low quality, and combined occupational or physical therapy, so no single treatment can be recommended confidently.
• PTOTSLPOther2019International clinical practice recommendations on the definition, diagnosis, assessment, intervention, and psychosocial aspects of developmental coordination disorder.Developmental medicine and child neurologyDiagnose DCD only after age 5 unless severe. Use MABC-2 or BOT-2 with a 16th centile cut-off. Prioritize activity-oriented interventions like task-specific training. Sensory integration therapy lacks evidence. Screen for ADHD and anxiety, as co-occurrence is common and impacts outcomes.
• PTOTCohort2019Relationship between walking efficiency and muscular strength of the lower limbs in children with cerebral palsy.Journal of physical therapy scienceFor children with cerebral palsy who walk inefficiently, stronger leg muscles linked to better walking efficiency. For those already walking efficiently, muscle strength showed no link to efficiency. Check a child's current walking efficiency before prescribing strength training.
• OTSurvey2019Mental health disorders, participation, and bullying in children with cerebral palsy.Developmental medicine and child neurologyOnly some mental health disorders were more common in children with cerebral palsy after accounting for other factors: anxiety, conduct problems, and multiple disorders. Difficulty with friendships and bullying were associated with these; activity participation alone was not.
• OTCohort2019The Effect of Optimism and Connectedness on Psychological Adjustment of Children with Cancer and Comparison Peers.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBPHigher optimism was linked to more connectedness to parents, peers, and friends, which was linked to fewer emotional symptoms. The links held for children with cancer and healthy peers. Parent connectedness was linked to fewer emotional symptoms only in children with cancer.
• OTSLPCohort2019Investigating the factors underlying adaptive functioning in autism in the EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchFor autistic people aged 6 to 31, parent-reported social difficulties were linked to poorer everyday adaptive skills and bigger gaps between IQ and daily functioning. Repetitive behaviours, sensory symptoms, anxiety, depression, and ADHD were not linked when other factors were considered.
• OTSLPCohort2019Fifteen-Year Prospective Follow-Up Study of Adult Outcomes of Autism Spectrum Disorders Among Children Attending Centers in Five Regional Departments in France: The EpiTED Cohort.Journal of autism and developmental disordersMost children with ASD in this French follow-up still had very slow growth in communication, socialization and daily living skills by young adulthood. Early autism severity and intellectual level predicted later adaptive outcomes, and language impairment was linked to self-injury.