TOPIC

Paediatrics research

Everything we have read on paediatrics. Each paper is summarised from the full article rather than its abstract, so the limitations are in there too, and the funding wherever the paper declares it.

2,466 PAPERS · PAGE 31 OF 50 · NEWEST FIRST

• PTOTSLPSurvey2024Community perspectives on the appropriateness and importance of support goals for young autistic children.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceAutistic adults, parents and professionals in New Zealand and Australia agreed that supporting the adults around the child, reducing harmful behaviours and improving quality of life were the top priorities for young autistic children. Goals targeting autism characteristics, play and participation were rated lowest priority, with autistic adults finding many of these inappropriate.
• OTSLPSurvey2024Associations of formal childcare use with health and human capital development for adolescent mothers and their children in South Africa: A cross-sectional study.Child: care, health and developmentIn South Africa, adolescent mothers whose children used formal childcare were more likely to be in school or work, pass a grade, and report positive future goals. Their parenting scores were higher. Children's language, cognitive and motor scores were higher at older ages in childcare.
• OTSLPOther2024Parent perspectives on treatment: A mixed methods analysis of PEERS® for Preschoolers.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceParents of autistic preschoolers who completed PEERS® for Preschoolers reported changed parenting and described their children's peer interactions as improved. Preparing children and environments before social opportunities was the strategy most linked to better long-term parent and child outcomes.
• OTSLPSystematic Review2024A Practice Pathway for the Treatment of Night Wakings in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disordersNight wakings in children with autism spectrum disorder are common, but treatment evidence is mostly low or very low. Melatonin and parent or behavioral approaches had mixed results, so start with screening and checking medical contributors rather than assuming a single fix.
• OTCohort2024Patterns of equipment use for autistic children in multi-sensory environments: Time spent with sensory equipment varies by sensory profile and intellectual ability.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceIn a 5-minute free play session, autistic children with higher non-verbal IQ and sensory sensitivity spent more time on touch-responsive boards, while those with lower IQ and high sensory seeking preferred the passive bubble tube. Equipment choice varied by profile.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2024Alignment of Canada's COVID-19 policy response with barriers and facilitators for coping reported by caregivers of youth with developmental delays, disorders, and disabilities.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesCaregivers of youth with disabilities described pandemic coping barriers including lost routines, aggression, service gaps, and school disruption. Facilitators included stable routines, virtual therapy access, outdoor space, financial supports, and family/community help. Policies often failed to address these specific needs.
• OTSLPQualitative2024Positive and challenging themes in parents' perceptions of their relationships with their child with autism: Comparison between mothers and fathers.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceParents of boys with autism described their relationships using more positive themes than challenging ones, regardless of their child's symptom severity or cognitive level. Mothers emphasized love and difficulties, while fathers highlighted joint play and guidance. Fathers alone reported limited time with the child.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2024Implementing neurodevelopmental follow-up care for children with congenital heart disease: A scoping review with evidence mapping.Developmental medicine and child neurologyStructured neurodevelopmental follow-up for children with congenital heart disease is highly variable and often absent outside the USA. Where programmes exist, they improve access to therapies and parental satisfaction, but there is no evidence they improve long-term developmental outcomes.
• PTOTSLPPilot2024Using mobile health technology to assess childhood autism in low-resource community settings in India: An innovation to address the detection gap.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceA tablet app assessing social, sensory and motor tasks identified 78% of children correctly across autism, intellectual disability and typical development groups. It was feasible for non-specialists in homes, but did not separate autism from intellectual disability.
• PTOTSLPOther2024Bachmann-Bupp syndrome and treatment.Developmental medicine and child neurologyIn the first patient with Bachmann-Bupp syndrome, DFMO treatment led to hair regrowth within two months. By four months, the child began sitting unassisted and self-feeding. Follicular cysts stopped recurring in two treated patients. This is single-case evidence, not proof of efficacy.
• OTOther2024Fatigue in children using motor imagery and P300 brain-computer interfaces.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationBCI tasks were not more fatiguing than a film, although fatigue rose after 30-minute tasks. The brain-wave fatigue marker did not match the reported fatigue.
• PTOTSLPSurvey2024School Attendance Problems Among Children with Neurodevelopmental Conditions One year Following the Start of the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of autism and developmental disordersFor children with autism or intellectual disability, school absence was driven by unmet needs and anxiety, not COVID-19. Positive parent-teacher relationships and predictable routines helped attendance. Parents reported lack of differentiated support as a major barrier.
• OTSLPQualitative2024"It just depends": Parent, teacher, and expert conceptualization of social communication in young autistic children.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceParents, teachers, and experts said social communication in autistic children aged 2-6 depends on context. Unusual forms like hand leading or scripting can be meaningful, while emotion regulation, AAC, breaks, and familiar partners shape how communication was understood.
• OTSLPRCT2024Comparative effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction and psychoeducational support on parenting stress in families of autistic preschoolers.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceMindfulness training reduced parenting stress more than psychoeducation over 12 months. Both groups improved, but mindfulness showed a steeper decline, with significant differences emerging only at the final follow-up. This suggests mindfulness offers sustained benefit beyond initial support.
• OTCase-Control2023A preliminary 'shortlist' of individual, family, and social-community assets to promote resilience in pediatric ADHD.Research in developmental disabilitiesPeer acceptance and social skills were the strongest links to resilience in children with ADHD. Academic competence also mattered. Unlike typical children, those with ADHD showed no benefit from higher parental involvement, suggesting standard family-focused strategies may need adjustment for this group.
• PTOTSLPCohort2023Early Sleep Differences in Young Infants with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBPInfants later diagnosed with autism slept less overall in their first six months, but their night-day sleep pattern matched typical peers. How much sleep they got did not predict later development. However, sleeping more at night predicted better fine motor and language skills.
• PTOTSLPCohort2024Fewer children with autism spectrum disorder with motor challenges receive physical and recreational therapies compared to standard therapies: A SPARK data set analysis.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceMost children with autism in this large US sample were at risk for motor impairment, but few received physical or recreational therapy compared to speech and occupational therapy. Even children with the most severe motor difficulties had far lower access to gross motor services than fine motor or sedentary therapies.
• OTSLPCase Report2023Fragile X Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Occurrence of Dual Diagnosis in a Set of Triplets.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBPDespite equal prenatal alcohol exposure, two identical fragile X triplets had more severe neurobehavioral problems than their fraternal triplet, who met partial fetal alcohol syndrome criteria. Fragile X features may mask alcohol-related facial signs. It does not test a treatment.
• PTOTSLPCohort2024Depressive symptoms and activity engagement in autistic adolescents and those with other developmental disabilities.Disability and health journalAutistic teens and those with other disabilities had more depressive symptoms and less activity engagement than peers. Sports linked to fewer symptoms, but the group showing the benefit depended on how depression was defined. No cause can be proven from this data.
• PTOTSLPCohort2024Using adaptive behavior scores to convey level of functioning in children with autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from the Study to Explore Early Development.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceCognitive scores alone misclassify support needs in autistic preschoolers. Twenty-five percent labeled low-functioning had no adaptive delays, while eight percent labeled high-functioning had significant socialization delays. Assess adaptive behavior directly to identify actual service needs.
• PTOTSLPOther2024Digital citizenship of children and youth with autism: Developing guidelines and strategies for caregivers and clinicians to support healthy use of screens.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceExperts and caregivers agreed on 64 strategies for managing screen time in autistic children, shifting focus from strict time limits to content quality and family values. They resolved conflicts by adding flexibility, such as using separate devices for learning only if financially feasible.
• PTOTSLPCohort2024An observational study of parental language during play and mealtime in toddlers at variable likelihood for autism.Journal of child languageParents spoke more and used more directives during play, while mealtime drew out more questions and descriptive adjectives. For toddlers at elevated likelihood for autism, parental language did not differ from lower-likelihood peers based on status alone, but varied with the child's specific skills.
• OTSLPOther2024Enhancing stakeholder roles in autism early interventions in the United States: A stakeholder-driven research agenda.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceAutistic adults, parents, and providers set an autism early intervention research agenda. Communication, diagnosis, access, lifespan, and policy were shared priorities. It is a research direction list, not proof any treatment works.
• PTOTSLPOther2024Cerebral palsy pain instruments: Recommended tools for clinical research studies by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Cerebral Palsy Common Data Elements project.Developmental medicine and child neurologyFifteen pain assessment tools are recommended for children with cerebral palsy, but none are classified as core. Most tools target school-aged children who can self-report, leaving significant gaps for non-verbal patients and those with communication challenges.
• PTOTSLPCohort2024Attention and motor profiles in children with developmental coordination disorder: A neuropsychological and neuroimaging investigation.Developmental medicine and child neurologyChildren with developmental coordination disorder showed impaired attention, processing speed, and executive functioning regardless of motor severity or ADHD status. MRI scans linked poorer gross motor skills to reduced surface area in the left posterior cingulate and altered left corticospinal tract structure.
• PTOTPilot2024Promoting positive physical activity behaviours in children undergoing acute cancer treatment: feasibility of the CanMOVE intervention.Brazilian journal of physical therapyFamilies and staff found CanMOVE acceptable and feasible during acute paediatric cancer treatment. Recruitment was 96%, retention was 95%, no serious adverse events were reported, and average daily steps rose by 2980. Without a control group, this step increase cannot prove the program caused it.
• OTSLPCohort2024Changes in the severity of autism symptom domains are related to mental health challenges during middle childhood.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceChildren whose social communication symptoms worsened had increasing anxiety and ADHD. Those whose repetitive behaviors decreased had higher anxiety at age 11. Worsening social symptoms and reducing repetitive behaviors were both linked to more mental health challenges.
• OTSurvey2023Increased rates of chronic physical health conditions across all organ systems in autistic adolescents and adults.Molecular autismAutistic adults and adolescents self-reported more chronic physical health conditions across every organ system examined than non-autistic peers, even when age, sex, background, BMI, smoking, alcohol and family history were considered.
• OTSLPCohort2023Habituation of auditory responses in young autistic and neurotypical children.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchYoung autistic children showed less brain habituation to repeated sounds than neurotypical peers, but this neural difference did not match caregiver-reported sound sensitivity. Clinicians should not assume these lab findings explain a child's everyday noise distress.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2024'It wasn't the strategies on their own': Exploring caregivers' experiences of accessing services in the development of interventions for autistic people with intellectual disability.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceCaregivers of autistic children with severe intellectual disability described accessing support as a constant battle. They highlighted that effective help required individualised assessment, consistency, and collaboration, rather than generic strategies or medication alone. Families felt unsupported when services lacked connection and flexibility.
• PTOTSLPCohort2023Cognition, Academic Achievement, Adaptive Behavior, and Quality of Life in Child and Adolescent Boys with Klinefelter Syndrome.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBPBoys with Klinefelter syndrome scored lower than matched peers on verbal skills, working memory, and daily adaptive behaviors. They also showed unique links between nonverbal reasoning and quality of life. Testosterone levels did not predict these outcomes in this peripubertal group.
• PTOTSLPCohort2023Associations between early language, motor abilities, and later autism traits in infants with typical and elevated likelihood of autism.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchIn infants with a family history of autism, fine motor and expressive language skills influenced each other bidirectionally from 10 to 24 months. Lower receptive language at 24 months and lower gross motor at 36 months predicted higher autistic traits at age 3.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2024Evidence-informed stakeholder consultations to promote rights-based approaches for children with disabilities.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesStakeholders agreed rights-based approaches matter but found academic language too broad to apply in daily practice. Youth reported their rights are limited by inaccessible transport and stigma. Clinicians should translate policy concepts into concrete, routine-focused supports rather than relying on high-level frameworks.
• OTSLPCohort2024Auditory Neural Responses and Communicative Functioning in Children With Microcephaly Related to Congenital Zika Syndrome.Ear and hearingChildren with microcephaly from congenital Zika syndrome showed lower caregiver-reported communication and altered auditory brain responses. Peripheral hearing was normal. Cortical responses to speech were delayed and differentiated less, but present, suggesting central processing differences rather than deafness.
• PTOTSLPCohort2023Prevalence and nature of prior developmental and medical concerns in toddlers who screen positive for autism in primary care.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceNearly 80% of toddlers who screened positive for autism already had documented developmental concerns. Motor delays appeared earliest, often before one year. Clinicians should view a positive screen as confirmation of existing concerns rather than a sudden new finding.
• PTOTCohort2023Age-Specific Probability of 4 Major Health Outcomes in Children with Spina Bifida.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBPContinence improves with age, but mobility and skin integrity worsen. For children with spina bifida, expect bladder and bowel incontinence to decrease from ages 5 to 19, while the risk of pressure sores and loss of walking ability increases steadily. These trends hold regardless of sex or race.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2024Elucidating the Perspectives of Autistic Youth About Their Health Care Experiences: A Qualitative Study.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBPAutistic youth prioritized sensory accommodations, clear communication, and patient involvement in care decisions. They valued clinicians who offered choices, used visual prompts, and built trust over time. Waiting rooms and unexpected procedures were common barriers to comfort.
• PTOTSLPNarrative Review2024The use of noninvasive brain stimulation techniques in autism spectrum disorder.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchNoninvasive brain stimulation shows mixed results for autism, with some studies reporting improvements in social symptoms and others finding no benefit. Safety data are limited for children. Current evidence is insufficient to support routine clinical use.
• PTOTRCT2024Effectiveness of action observation treatment based on pathological model in hemiplegic children: a randomized-controlled trial.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicineChildren with hemiplegia who watched videos of a hand with similar movement patterns and then copied the actions improved more in spontaneous bimanual hand use immediately after 8 hours of therapy than those who watched typically developed hands. This advantage disappeared by follow-up.
• OTSLPOther2024Cognitive emotion regulation difficulties increase affective reactivity to daily-life stress in autistic adolescents and young adults.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceAutistic youth reported higher daily negative affect and more activity-related stress than non-autistic peers. They also used fewer adaptive and more non-adaptive emotion regulation strategies. These difficulties may increase vulnerability to mental health symptoms.
• OTSurvey2024Attention challenges in Kabuki syndrome.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDRTwenty of 41 children with molecularly confirmed Kabuki syndrome scored in the clinical range for attention problems, and the group's adaptive functioning was low. Adults did not show clinically significant attention problems.
• PTOTMeta-Analysis2024Checks and balances: a meta-analysis on the known-groups validity of functional postural control tests in children.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicineTest batteries like the Pediatric Balance Scale best distinguish children with postural deficits from typical peers, while single tasks like the Functional Reach Test often miss them. However, evidence quality is low for all tests, so no single tool is definitive without clinical judgment.
• PTOTSystematic Review2024Evaluating the impact of virtual reality game training on upper limb motor performance in children and adolescents with developmental coordination disorder: a scoping review using the ICF framework.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationVirtual reality games for upper limb skills in children with DCD mostly showed no significant improvement. However, children consistently reported high enjoyment. The evidence is limited by small, varied studies that rarely targeted upper limbs specifically.
• OTSystematic Review2023Current Trends in Occupational Therapy for Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors: A Scoping Review.Occupational therapy in health careOccupational therapy evidence for cancer survivors diagnosed between 15 and 39 is thin: only eight articles were found. Some small studies reported gains from self-management, exercise, ADL training, and app-based coaching, but this is not proof they work.
• PTOTCohort2024Characterizing ambulatory function in children with PPP2R5D-related neurodevelopmental disorder.Gait & postureChildren and adults with PPP2R5D-related disorder walk slower and with a wider base of support than peers. They increase speed by lengthening steps rather than stepping faster, suggesting balance deficits limit how they adapt to walking demands.
• OTSLPCohort2024Social motivation by self- and caregiver-report: Reporter concordance and social correlates among autistic and neurotypical youth.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchAutistic children’s self-reports of social motivation matched their actual social skills better than caregiver reports did. Caregivers and children disagreed specifically about motivation with peers, suggesting clinicians should ask the child directly rather than relying solely on parent observation.
• OTSLPPilot2023A Unique Clinical Tool for the Evaluation of Oral Feeding Skills in Infants.Canadian journal of occupational therapy. Revue canadienne d'ergotherapieIn 16 premature infants, adding a nipple monitoring device to bottle feeds did not change feed duration, intake volume, or rate of transfer compared with feeds without it, and no adverse events occurred.
• OTCase-Control2023Mediated Online Awareness Among Adolescents With and Without ADHD: Using the Occupational Performance Experience Analysis (OPEA).OTJR : occupation, participation and healthAdolescents with ADHD gave shorter, less coherent descriptions of recent tasks than peers without ADHD. A brief guided questioning session improved the time-ordering and coherence of their descriptions, but did not change the main actions they reported.
• PTOTSLPCohort2024A profile of spatial abilities in people with Down syndrome.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDRPeople with Down syndrome showed uneven spatial abilities compared to ability-matched children. They struggled significantly with understanding horizontality and verticality, and with mentally rotating objects. However, their skills in recognizing static shapes and taking visual perspectives were similar to their matched peers.
• PTOTCohort2024Relationship between the floating toe and the center-of-pressure position in an upright posture among students.Journal of physical therapy scienceChildren with floating toes stood with their weight shifted back toward their heels. A higher center-of-pressure position was linked to better toe contact. This suggests a backward stance may contribute to the condition, though the study only shows an association.