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Paediatrics research

Everything we have read on paediatrics. Each paper is summarised from the full article rather than its abstract, so the limitations are in there too, and the funding wherever the paper declares it.

2,466 PAPERS · PAGE 16 OF 50 · NEWEST FIRST

• OTSLPPilot2020Social Capital and Autism in Young Adulthood: Applying Social Network Methods to Measure the Social Capital of Autistic Young Adults.Autism in adulthoodA social network survey was feasible for autistic young adults, showing their networks are mostly family and rarely include service providers. Employment support was the least accessed resource. This pilot method needs a larger sample to link network types to adult outcomes.
• PTOTSLPPilot2021Take it personal! Development and modelling study of an indicated prevention programme for substance use in adolescents and young adults with mild intellectual disabilities and borderline intellectual functioning.Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARIDIn six adolescents with mild intellectual disabilities, a tailored prevention programme was feasible and well-liked. Reported substance use decreased after the intervention, but the study was too small to confirm the programme caused this change.
• OTCase-Control2021Inhibition in developmental disorders: A comparison of inhibition profiles between children with autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and comorbid symptom presentation.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceChildren with both autism and ADHD showed a unique pattern of inhibition deficits, struggling more with stopping responses than typically developing peers. However, they did not show the expected additive impairment across all inhibition types compared to children with only one diagnosis.
• PTOTSLPCohort2021Very Long-Term Outcomes in Children Admitted in a Disorder of Consciousness After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationMost children admitted to rehab in a disorder of consciousness after severe brain injury emerged from that state by one year, but nearly all remained severely disabled. Children in a minimally conscious state at admission had better long-term outcomes than those in a vegetative state.
• PTOTSLPCohort2021Characteristics of toddlers with early versus later diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceToddlers diagnosed with autism at 25 to 41 months showed more severe delays and symptoms than those diagnosed at 12 to 24 months, especially in motor, daily living, socialization, and restricted behaviors. Expressive language was delayed in all groups.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2021Anxiety in autistic individuals who speak few or no words: A qualitative study of parental experience and anxiety management.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceParents of autistic people who speak few or no words struggle to distinguish anxiety from autism traits or other distress. They rely on deep knowledge of the child's baseline and behavioural cues. While they use sensory and distraction strategies, avoidance and reassurance may inadvertently maintain anxiety.
• PTOTSLPCohort2021How do core autism traits and associated symptoms relate to quality of life? Findings from the Longitudinal European Autism Project.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceDepression symptoms, not core autism traits, were the strongest predictor of reduced quality of life in autistic adults. In children, anxiety and social difficulties also lowered satisfaction. Many autistic individuals reported good quality of life, so screen for subthreshold mental health issues rather than assuming poor well-being based on diagnosis alone.
• PTOTSLPCase-Control2021Differences in Body Mass Index (BMI) in Early Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder Compared to Youth with Typical Development.Journal of autism and developmental disordersEarly adolescents with autism had higher body mass index percentiles than typically developing peers, driven mainly by males. This difference persisted after excluding participants on weight-gain medications, suggesting autism itself, rather than medication side effects, is associated with increased weight in this age group.
• PTOTSLPPilotFeasibility and Acceptability of a Telephone-Based Intervention for Hispanic Children to Promote Treatment Adherence After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot Study.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationA telephone-based navigation and education program was feasible and acceptable for Hispanic families after their child's traumatic brain injury. Most parents reported high satisfaction, and 86% of children attended initial follow-up rehabilitation appointments on time.
• PTOTSLPSurvey2020Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on mental health and perceived strain among caregivers tending children with special needs.Research in developmental disabilitiesCaregivers of children with special needs in India reported high rates of depression and significantly increased strain during the COVID-19 lockdown. Factors like lack of tele-rehabilitation and difficulty with homecare therapy were linked to worse mental health, suggesting a need for better remote support and caregiver training.
• PTOTSLPCohort2020Pubertal Timing During Early Adolescence: Advanced Pubertal Onset in Females with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchFemales with autism showed earlier breast development and menarche than typically developing females, with menarche occurring 9.5 months earlier on average. No such difference was found in males. This suggests girls with autism may need puberty education and support sooner than peers.
• PTOTSLPCohortNovel Claims-Based Outcome Phenotypes in Survivors of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationInsurance claims data identified four distinct recovery profiles in children surviving traumatic brain injury. The two highest-need groups required significantly more speech and physical therapy, mobility equipment, and neurologic medications. Injury severity, seizures, and inflicted injury mechanisms predicted these high-resource outcomes.
• OTRCT2021Child- compared with parent-report ratings on psychosocial measures following a mild traumatic brain injury among youth with persistent post-concussion symptoms.Brain injuryYouth with persistent concussion symptoms reported more symptoms and better functioning than their parents did. Ratings often differed, especially by age and gender, so ask both for their views before planning care.
• PTOTSLPCase Report2021Inter-Disciplinary Conservative Management of Bilateral Non-United Lumbar Pars Defects in a Junior Elite Golfer.International journal of sports physical therapyA 15-year-old golfer with bilateral lumbar pars fractures avoided surgery through a 12-month interdisciplinary exercise program. He returned to competitive golf and accepted a college scholarship, remaining asymptomatic 18 months post-intervention.
• PTOTSLPCohort2020Intergenerational Effects of Maternal Childhood Experiences on Maternal Parenting and Infant Developmental Progress.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBPMothers who felt their own mothers were supportive were more likely to scaffold their infants. This scaffolding predicted better infant communication and problem-solving progress at 12 months. Adverse childhood experiences did not predict scaffolding, and maternal sensitivity did not predict developmental progress.
• PTOTSLPOther2021Descriptive Strength and Range of Motion in Youth Baseball Players.International journal of sports physical therapyYouth baseball players aged 5-12 already show shoulder adaptations similar to adults: greater external rotation and internal rotation strength in the throwing arm. However, total range of motion remains symmetrical between arms, suggesting these changes are normal development rather than immediate injury risk.
• OTSLPOther2020White matter alterations in autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in relation to sensory profile.Molecular autismAdults with autism or ADHD showed similar brain white matter changes compared to controls. Sensory issues linked to these changes in the same way across all three groups. This suggests sensory difficulties may stem from shared brain mechanisms rather than being unique to autism.
• PTOTSurvey2021Stakeholder Perspectives on Engaging With Cerebral Palsy Research Studies After Onset of COVID-19 in the United States.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationPeople with cerebral palsy and their caregivers are willing to join research sooner than they are to socialize, but parents wait longer than adults do for studies offering no direct benefit. Those with higher physical needs were the most cautious about returning to in-person research.
• PTOTSLPNarrative Review2021Prenatal cytomegalovirus, rubella, and Zika virus infections associated with developmental disabilities: past, present, and future.Developmental medicine and child neurologyPrenatal rubella, cytomegalovirus and Zika can cause developmental disability even when maternal illness is mild. Timing matters, and hearing loss or subtle delays may appear after birth.
• PTOTSLPOther2021The modified Shriners Hospitals for Children Greenville (mSHCG) multi-segment foot model provides clinically acceptable measurements of ankle and midfoot angles: A dual fluoroscopy study.Gait & postureSkin-marker gait analysis closely matches bone-level dual fluoroscopy for ankle and midfoot angles in healthy adults. Differences were mostly under 4 degrees, which is clinically acceptable. However, accuracy dropped as midfoot motion increased, and one forefoot marker shifted significantly during loading.
• PTOTCohort2021Clinical Characteristics Associated with Reduced Selective Voluntary Motor Control in the Upper Extremity of Individuals with Spastic Cerebral Palsy.Developmental neurorehabilitationUnintended movements at other joints were the most common cause of reduced selective motor control in children with cerebral palsy, occurring more often than weakness or tightness. Mirror movements affected 74% of participants and were linked to lower reported hand function.
• PTOTSLPSurvey2021Awareness and knowledge of developmental coordination disorder: A survey of caregivers, teachers, allied health professionals and medical professionals in Australia.Child: care, health and developmentIn Australia, most teachers, parents and doctors still do not know what developmental coordination disorder is. They recognise motor clumsiness but miss the anxiety and depression that often follow. The old term dyspraxia is better known than the correct one, which delays identification and support.
• PTOTRCT2021Efficacy and safety of abobotulinumtoxinA for upper limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy: a randomized repeat-treatment study.Developmental medicine and child neurologyChildren with cerebral palsy who received 8U/kg or 16U/kg abobotulinumtoxinA plus home exercises and ongoing therapy had greater reduction in elbow or wrist muscle tone at 6 weeks than those given 2U/kg. Function and goal scores improved in all groups, without dose differences.
• OTSLPCohort2021Developmental associations between joint engagement and autistic children's vocabulary: A cross-lagged panel analysis.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceEarly joint engagement with caregivers predicted later vocabulary growth in autistic toddlers, but early vocabulary did not predict later engagement. However, statistical tests showed no clear superiority of the engagement-to-vocabulary direction over the reverse, so the causal pathway remains unresolved.
• PTOTSLPCase Report2021Physical therapist-led swimming lessons for children with cerebral palsy: a report of 2 cases.Journal of physical therapy scienceTwo children with cerebral palsy improved swimming speed and distance after six monthly PT-led lessons. Gross motor function and daily living scores barely changed. Muscle tone increased slightly. The intervention was safe and well-liked, but too small to prove it works.
• OTSLPCohort2021Oral health and oral health behaviour of adolescents with mild or borderline intellectual disabilities compared with a national representative sample of 17-year-olds in the Netherlands.Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARIDAdolescents with mild or borderline intellectual disabilities had more tooth decay and plaque than their peers, despite reporting similar brushing habits. They visited dentists less often and snacked more at night. Dental anxiety was higher, and those living in institutions had worse outcomes than those at home.
• PTOTSLPOther2021Diagnostic approach to paediatric movement disorders: a clinical practice guide.Developmental medicine and child neurologyThis guide outlines a step-by-step clinical algorithm for diagnosing paediatric movement disorders. It prioritizes distinguishing normal developmental patterns from pathology, classifying the specific movement phenotype, and ruling out functional disorders before initiating genetic or metabolic testing.
• PTOTSLPCohort2021Describing the Delivery of Evidence-Based Physical Therapy Intervention to Individuals With Cerebral Palsy.Pediatric physical therapy : the official publication of the Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy AssociationTherapists delivered evidence-based interventions in 48% of treatment selections for children with cerebral palsy, but usage dropped for those with the most severe motor impairment. This suggests outpatient therapy may not be reaching the children who need it most, or that effective options for severe cases remain limited.
• PTOTSLPOther2021Autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children with cerebral palsy: high prevalence rates in a population-based study.Developmental medicine and child neurologyIn a population of children with cerebral palsy, 30% had autism and 30% had ADHD, rates higher than previously reported. Intellectual disability, not motor severity, was the strongest predictor. Screening for these conditions is warranted regardless of physical function.
• PTOTSLPSurvey2021Factors influencing the participation of children with disabilities in the community.Journal of physical therapy scienceFor children with disabilities, needing medical care at home limits the variety of community activities they can join, while poor motor function limits how often they go. Tube feeding and respiratory care specifically blocked trips, events, and playing with other children.
• PTOTSLPCohort2021Weight outcomes in children with developmental disabilities from a multidisciplinary clinic.Research in developmental disabilitiesChildren under 12 with developmental disabilities had better weight outcomes in a multidisciplinary clinic than typically developing peers, with 54% achieving significant improvement at 12 months. Adolescents with disabilities did not show this benefit. Family-led structure appears key for younger children.
• OTSLPCohort2020Development of Neural Response to Novel Sounds in Fragile X Syndrome: Potential Biomarkers.American journal on intellectual and developmental disabilitiesBrain responses to novel sounds differed between individuals with Fragile X Syndrome and controls, with higher gamma power in the FXS group. Gamma power correlated with sensory avoidance and sensitivity in males, suggesting it is a reliable marker for clinical trials.
• PTOTCohort2021Predictive validity of the Hand Assessment for Infants in infants at risk of unilateral cerebral palsy.Developmental medicine and child neurologyThe Hand Assessment for Infants accurately predicts unilateral cerebral palsy in at-risk infants, but only from about 3.5 months of age. Scores before this time are too variable to rely on. The single-hand score and asymmetry index perform best.
• PTOTSLPCohort2021School outcomes of adolescents with cerebral palsy in Sweden.Developmental medicine and child neurologyAdolescents with cerebral palsy had significantly lower school grades and were less likely to progress to secondary school or university compared to matched peers. Communication ability was the strongest functional predictor of these poor outcomes, outweighing gross or manual motor skills.
• PTOTSLPPilot2021Distance support and online intervention to blind and visually impaired children during the pandemic COVID-19.Research in developmental disabilitiesDuring lockdown, blind and visually impaired children received online therapy at home. Parents rated the support highly, with median satisfaction scores of 9/10. Professionals also found it useful but rated it lower than parents, citing difficulty adapting face-to-face methods to a screen.
• OTOther2021Generosity of state insurance mandates and growth in the workforce for autism spectrum disorder.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceMore generous state autism insurance mandates were associated with greater growth in board certified behavioral analysts and child psychiatrists per 100,000 children. Pediatrician supply did not change. This is an association, not proof the mandates caused the growth.
• PTOTSLPOther2021Motor Impairment Increases in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder as a Function of Social Communication, Cognitive and Functional Impairment, Repetitive Behavior Severity, and Comorbid Diagnoses: A SPARK Study Report.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchIn children with autism, the risk of motor impairment rises alongside social, cognitive, and functional difficulties. The risk also increases with comorbid diagnoses like ADHD or intellectual disability. This suggests motor issues are pervasive and linked to overall severity.
• PTOTSLPNarrative Review2021Factors influencing access to early intervention for families of children with developmental disabilities: A narrative review.Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARIDAccess to early intervention fails at three stages: parents not recognising need, delayed diagnosis, and barriers to receiving support. Low income, minority ethnicity and female child gender consistently block access. Universal free services and proactive professional responses to parental concerns are the strongest facilitators.
• PTOTSLPCohort2021Influence of socioeconomic status on cognitive outcome after childhood arterial ischemic stroke.Developmental medicine and child neurologySocioeconomic status predicted cognitive outcomes better than stroke severity in 18 children. Each point increase in SES raised perceptual reasoning scores by 15.64 percentile points. Clinical factors like lesion size had weaker effects. Low sample size limits generalizability.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2021Risk factors in early life for developmental coordination disorder: a scoping review.Developmental medicine and child neurologyPreterm birth and male sex are the strongest early risk factors for developmental coordination disorder. Children born before 32 weeks face a substantially higher risk. Accumulated neonatal complications and brain lesions also increase risk, but most other factors show inconsistent or weak associations.
• OTSLPCohort2021Home environment: Short-term trends and predictors in early childhood from an Indian community birth cohort.Child: care, health and developmentOverall home scores did not change much over 3 years, but family assets, mother's education and mood were strongly linked to home quality.
• OTSLPSurvey2021Psychological impact of Covid-19 pandemic in Italian families of children with neurodevelopmental disorders.Research in developmental disabilitiesLockdown increased parental stress and child behavioral problems in families of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Reduced therapy hours predicted worse child behavior. However, most parents valued the extra time with their child, and stable coparenting buffered stress.
• PTOTSLPOther2021Concordance of the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, second and third editions.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDRCaregiver ratings on the newer ABAS-3 were consistently higher than on the older ABAS-2, especially for practical skills. This score jump reflects a change in the test version, not actual improvement in the child's abilities. Clinicians should not interpret this increase as clinical progress.
• PTOTSLPSurvey2021An international study of public contact with people who have an intellectual disability.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDRMost people report little contact with those who have intellectual disability. Those with frequent contact were more comfortable meeting them. Contact was linked to volunteering, Special Olympics involvement, working in health or education, and being a parent. This is descriptive survey data, not evidence that interventions work.
• OTCohort2021The Adolescent/Young Adult Self-Management and Independence Scale (AMIS-II): Expanding evidence for validity and reliability.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicineThe AMIS-II interview showed consistent scores and was linked to parents' earlier reports of skills and responsibility in young adults with spina bifida. Age, sex, and ethnicity were not associated with independence scores.
• OTSLPMeta-Analysis2021Intensive behavioural interventions based on applied behaviour analysis for young children with autism: An international collaborative individual participant data meta-analysis.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceCompared with usual or eclectic early support, intensive ABA-based programmes showed a 14-point IQ difference and a 7-point adaptive behaviour difference after 2 years. These studies were not randomised and often unblinded, so these differences may be overstated.
• OTSLPQualitative2021End-user perspectives on the development of an online intervention for parents of children on the autism spectrum.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceParents of autistic children described online services as fragmented and hard to trust. They asked for a single hub combining peer support, clear diagnosis pathways, and direct access to professionals like SLTs and OTs, with content they could search by their child's specific needs.
• PTOTRCT2021Corpus Callosum Integrity Relates to Improvement of Upper-Extremity Function Following Intensive Rehabilitation in Children With Unilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairIn children with unilateral cerebral palsy, lower corpus callosum integrity predicted greater bimanual hand function gains after Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT). This association was not seen after Hand-Arm Bimanual Intensive Therapy (HABIT), where all children improved regardless of baseline brain structure.
• OTSLPOtherShared Decision-Making During Initial Diagnostic and Treatment Planning Visits for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBPObserved shared decision-making was very low in first autism diagnosis visits: providers rarely discussed options or preferences, and 41% showed none, though parents and providers rated it much higher.
• OTSLPMeta-Analysis2021Understanding the Effects of Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions: A Project AIM Meta-analysis.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchNaturalistic developmental behavioral interventions improved social communication, language, play, and cognition in children with autism. However, gains were larger when measured in the same context as therapy or on specific skills taught, suggesting some reported benefits may not generalize to daily life.