PTOTSLPCohortPM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation2024

Incidence and outcomes of pediatric patients with dual diagnosis of traumatic spinal cord injury and brain injury on an inpatient rehabilitation unit.

Caitlin Chicoine, Alexis Mitelpunkt, Nanhua Zhang and 1 others

PMID 38877826

WHAT IT FOUND

Pediatric patients with spinal cord injury and suspected brain injury showed no significant difference in functional recovery compared to those with spinal injury alone.

However, agitation and attention problems appeared only in the suspected brain injury group, suggesting these symptoms may signal an undiagnosed concurrent condition.

Key findings

01Agitation, disinhibition, and problems with cognition and attention were noted only in the dual diagnosis and suspected dual diagnosis groups.

02There was no statistically significant difference in improvements in WeeFIM scores among the three groups.

03The incidence of documented dual diagnosis within our cohort was 7/26, or 27%.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for PTsWhat it means for OTsWhat it means for SLPs

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What it does not show

The study was retrospective and relied on medical records, meaning data on brain injury severity (such as Glasgow Coma Scale and duration of loss of consciousness) was inconsistently documented or missing. The sample size was small (n=26), which limited the ability to detect significant differences between groups. The study was conducted at a single center, and patients requiring mechanical ventilation were excluded, limiting generalizability to other populations or settings. The classification of 'suspected dual diagnosis' was based on retrospective review of symptoms and imaging, which may introduce bias or misclassification. Patients admitted before 2010 were excluded due to insufficient electronic records, potentially creating a selection bias.

Declared interests

The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

The easy way to misread this

Do not assume that the lack of significant difference in functional scores means concurrent brain injury does not impact recovery. The study was underpowered, and non-significant trends suggested less improvement in mobility and self-care for the dual diagnosis groups. The key finding is the presence of specific behavioral symptoms (agitation, attention problems) in the suspected group, not the absence of functional differences.

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