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Neurological research

Everything we have read on neurological. Each paper is summarised from the full article rather than its abstract, so the limitations are in there too, and the funding wherever the paper declares it.

3,875 PAPERS · PAGE 19 OF 78 · NEWEST FIRST

• PTOTSLPCohort2020Functional Outcome Trajectories Following Inpatient Rehabilitation for TBI in the United States: A NIDILRR TBIMS and CDC Interagency Collaboration.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationOn average, survivors of complicated mild to severe TBI improved between 1 and 2 years after injury, then declined by 5 years, though many kept improvements. Age, insurance, discharge function and rehabilitation stay shaped different long-term disability and supervision paths.
• PTOther2019Correlation Between Neurologic Impairment Grade and Ambulation Status in the Adult Spina Bifida Population.American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitationIn 409 adults with spina bifida, more severe motor impairment went with less ability to walk. The Broughton motor scale matched walking category most closely, but the simpler NSBPR scale was nearly as close; the ISNCSCI motor level was less closely linked.
• PTOTPilot2019Immersive Virtual Reality Mirror Therapy for Upper Limb Recovery After Stroke: A Pilot Study.American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitationTen chronic stroke survivors tolerated immersive virtual reality mirror therapy without adverse events or significant cybersickness. Motor scores improved slightly but not significantly. The study confirms safety and feasibility but does not show the treatment works.
• PTOTCohort2019Does pre-existing cognitive impairment impact on amount of stroke rehabilitation received? An observational cohort study.Clinical rehabilitationStroke inpatients with documented pre-existing cognitive impairment received fewer physiotherapy and occupational therapy sessions: 16 fewer on average, but 9 fewer after accounting for age, sex, stroke severity and pre-stroke disability.
• PTCohort2019Racial Differences in Discharge Location After a Traumatic Brain Injury Among Older Adults.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationBlack patients were more likely than white patients to be discharged to inpatient rehabilitation rather than home without services after accounting for age, sex, insurance, comorbidities, and injury severity. Without that accounting, the race difference was not significant.
• PTOTSLPCohort2020Changing Healthcare and School Needs in the First Year After Traumatic Brain Injury.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationUnmet or unrecognized health care needs were 22% at 3 months, with 13% unrecognized and 7% unmet at 12 months. Needs shifted from physical to cognitive and socioemotional, and combined health care or school need was 28% at 3 months and 24% at 12 months.
• PTOTSLPRCT2019Stroke patients' and non-professional coaches' experiences with home-based constraint-induced movement therapy: a qualitative study.Clinical rehabilitationChronic stroke patients and their family coaches described home-based constraint-induced movement therapy as hard to fit into daily life due to time and fatigue. While some valued the shared effort, others found the coaching stressful. Patients often struggled with the immobilizing glove and had unmet expectations for rapid recovery.
• PTOTSLPPilot2019A short bout of high-intensity exercise alters ipsilesional motor cortical excitability post-stroke.Topics in stroke rehabilitationFive minutes of fast treadmill walking increased brain excitability in the damaged hemisphere in stroke survivors. This short priming bout may prepare the brain for therapy, but the study did not show that it improves actual movement or function.
• PTOTPilot2019Bimanual Skill Learning after Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Brief Report.Developmental neurorehabilitationChildren and young adults with unilateral cerebral palsy got faster at a bimanual cup-stacking task over ten days of tDCS and bimanual training. Without a sham group, training alone may explain the improvement.
• PTOTOther2019Neural Correlates of Passive Position Finger Sense After Stroke.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairRobotic testing found finger proprioception deficits in 67% of stroke survivors' contralesional hands, far exceeding the 26% detected by standard clinical scales. Deficits were best explained by combined sensory system injury and functional connectivity, not motor damage alone.
• PTOTSLPCohort2019Resilience facilitates adjustment through greater psychological flexibility among Iraq/Afghanistan war veterans with and without mild traumatic brain injury.Rehabilitation psychologyVeterans with resilient personality traits had better mental health and function over a year, largely because they had greater psychological flexibility. This protective effect held true regardless of whether the veteran had a history of mild traumatic brain injury.
• PTOTSLPCohort2020The Impact of One's Sex and Social Living Situation on Rehabilitation Outcomes After a Stroke.American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitationAfter adjusting for age and severity, women recovering from stroke discharged with greater functional independence than men on most measures. Living alone before the stroke also predicted better outcomes, suggesting this reflects higher pre-stroke capability rather than lack of support.
• PTOTPilot2019The effect of electrical stimulation on impairment of the painful post-stroke shoulder.Topics in stroke rehabilitationIn 10 people, applying TENS or t-NMES for 10 seconds during passive shoulder movement did not make the painful post-stroke shoulder move further before pain began. The three conditions gave almost the same range.
• PTOTCohort2020Subgroups Defined by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Differ in Functional Gain During Acute Inpatient Stroke Rehabilitation.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationStroke patients grouped by Montreal Cognitive Assessment at rehab admission differed in functional gains. Those scoring 25 to 30 made the most gain per day; those scoring 19 or below made the least, and fewer reached a 22-point FIM gain.
• PTOTOther2019A Revised Motor Activity Log Following Rasch Validation (Rasch-Based MAL-18) and Consensus Methods in Chronic Stroke and Multiple Sclerosis.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairA revised 18-item Motor Activity Log gives therapists a clearer way to rate how well a person with stroke or MS uses their affected arm in daily life. It removes items that are not universally applicable and includes a table to convert scores.
• PTOTOther2019Utilization of Rehabilitation Services in Stroke: A Study Utilizing the Health and Retirement Study With Linked Medicare Claims Data.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationAmong older Medicare stroke survivors, only 21.6% reported rehabilitation at first poststroke interview. Older age and a second stroke were linked to more use.
• PTOther2019Comparison of measurement properties of three shortened versions of the balance evaluation system test (BESTest) in people with subacute stroke.Journal of rehabilitation medicineIn subacute stroke, the 13-item S-BESTest was reliable, agreed closely with the Berg Balance Scale, detected improvement, and avoided many patients scoring the minimum seen with Brief and Mini-BESTest. It is a practical short option when time is limited.
• PTOTCohort2019Upper Limb Performance in Daily Life Improves Over the First 12 Weeks Poststroke.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairUpper limb use in daily life improved over the first 12 weeks post-stroke, especially in those with low initial capacity. Belief, confidence, and motivation were already high and did not predict improvement. Early therapy may better target self-perceived barriers than psychosocial factors.
• PTSurvey2019Lifestyle Risk Behaviors Among Stroke Survivors With and Without Diabetes.American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitationAmong adults with stroke, diabetes was linked to more physical inactivity, more overweight or obesity, and a higher number of lifestyle risk behaviors.
• PTOTOther2019Breaking Proportional Recovery After Stroke.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairStroke arm recovery that looks proportional is partly a score artifact. Rule-breaking patients mostly fail wrist, hand, shoulder, and finger-to-nose items. Mid-range chronic scorers improved more in published arm practice trials.
• PTCohort2020Association of Traumatic Brain Injury With Vestibular Dysfunction and Dizziness in Post-9/11 Veterans.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationPost-9/11 veterans with traumatic brain injury were more likely to have dizziness or vestibular dysfunction diagnoses. Nonspecific dizziness was more common than vestibular dysfunction. Veterans with these diagnoses reported broader symptom disruption, not only balance problems.
• PTSystematic Review2019Combining transcranial direct-current stimulation with gait training in patients with neurological disorders: a systematic review.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationAdding tDCS to gait training did not consistently improve walking across eight controlled trials. Half reported no improvements, and there are no conclusive results for this combination.
• PTOTOther2019Absence of Motor-Evoked Potentials Does Not Predict Poor Recovery in Patients With Severe-Moderate Stroke: An Exploratory Analysis.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationStroke patients with no motor-evoked potential still improved after intensive upper-limb therapy, but less than patients who had one. Adding nerve or brain stimulation was not clearly better than sham.
• PTOTOther2019Movement smoothness during a functional mobility task in subjects with Parkinson's disease and freezing of gait - an analysis using inertial measurement units.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationPeople with Parkinson's and freezing of gait, off medication, had less smooth movement during a Timed Up and Go test, especially when turning, even though few showed freezing during the test. A waist sensor captured this, and smoothness tracked clinical scores.
• PTCohort2020Frequency of Primary Neck Pain in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury/Concussion Patients.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationIn 95 adults with mild traumatic brain injury, neck pain was common within 72 hours and at 45 days. Neck pain was often among the most severe symptoms, especially after motor vehicle crashes.
• PTOTOther2020Functional Deficits in the Less-Impaired Arm of Stroke Survivors Depend on Hemisphere of Damage and Extent of Paretic Arm Impairment.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairChronic stroke survivors' less-affected arm was slower and less effective on hand tasks, especially when the paretic arm was severely impaired. Left hemisphere damage slowed writing and feeding. This does not show training helps.
• PTOTQualitative2019Beyond stereotypes of cerebral palsy: Exploring the lived experiences of young Canadians.Child: care, health and developmentYoung adults with cerebral palsy described pain, fatigue and anxiety, and said childhood services had ended. Participation in work, education and relationships mattered more to identity than motor goals, while inaccessible environments and stigma limited it.
• PTOTSLPNarrative Review2019What the Proportional Recovery Rule Is (and Is Not): Methodological and Statistical Considerations.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairA rule that people recover a fixed share of upper-limb function after stroke may describe group averages, but reviewed studies do not prove it predicts any one patient.
• PTOTCase Report2019Cryoneurotomy as a Percutaneous Mini-invasive Therapy for the Treatment of the Spastic Limb: Case Presentation, Review of the Literature, and Proposed Approach for Use.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationIn three patients with chronic spasticity, cryoneurotomy of specific motor nerves improved range of motion and reduced muscle tone. In two elbow cases, this procedure allowed botulinum toxin doses to be redistributed to other muscles, yielding further functional gains.
• PTOTSLPCohort2019Social Network Mapping and Functional Recovery Within 6 Months of Ischemic Stroke.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairStroke survivors’ social networks shrank by an average of 1.25 people over six months. However, having a larger network at baseline predicted better physical function at three and six months, independent of stroke severity, age, or depression.
• PTRCT2019Translingual Neurostimulation for the Treatment of Chronic Symptoms Due to Mild-to-Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationThe two tongue-stimulation dosages did not differ on balance outcomes. Both groups improved from baseline, but every participant also received physical therapy, so the contribution of stimulation cannot be separated.
• PTOther2019Locomotor skill acquisition in virtual reality shows sustained transfer to the real world.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationVR treadmill practice reduced foot clearance over obstacles by 69% in 19 healthy young adults on day one. That reduction transferred to over-ground walking and remained after 24 hours.
• PTOTSystematic Review2020Effects of upper extremity surgery on activities and participation of children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review.Developmental medicine and child neurologyChildren with cerebral palsy improved in hand use and perceived performance after upper extremity surgery, but evidence quality was very low. No improvements were found in speed or capacity. Surgeons cannot recommend this procedure based on current data.
• PTOTOther2020The six-minute walk test as a fall risk screening tool in community programs for persons with stroke: a cross-sectional analysis.Topics in stroke rehabilitationIn 66 adults with chronic stroke, walking under 331.65 m on the six-minute walk test was associated with being in an increased fall risk group. It is a screening association, not proof it predicts actual falls.
• PTSystematic Review2019Measures of balance and falls risk prediction in people with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review of psychometric properties.Clinical rehabilitationFor Parkinson's disease, the Mini-BESTest, Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go, Activities-specific Balance Confidence, Falls Efficacy Scale-International and the Parkinson's rating scale motor exam have the strongest evidence for balance and falls risk. Some cannot yet track change.
• PTOTSLPCohort2020Volunteering and its association with participation and life satisfaction following traumatic brain injury.Brain injuryVolunteering after brain injury is linked to better life satisfaction, more community engagement, and more social contact. It is not linked to productivity like work or school hours. People who volunteer tend to have less severe impairments and drive independently.
• PTOTSystematic Review2020Long-term effects of selective dorsal rhizotomy in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review.Developmental medicine and child neurologySelective dorsal rhizotomy in children with cerebral palsy did not show better long-term function than routine therapy and orthopaedic care. Spasticity reduction often persisted, but some needed additional antispasticity treatment.
• PTOTCohort2019Association Between SCIM III Total Scores and Individual Item Scores to Predict Independence With ADLs in Persons With Spinal Cord Injury.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationHigher SCIM III total scores were linked to a greater chance of independence in daily tasks. Feeding and indoor mobility were easier to reach. Stair climbing and some transfers needed much higher scores.
• PTOTSystematic Review2019Exoskeletons With Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, and Gamification for Stroke Patients' Rehabilitation: Systematic Review.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologiesMost studies reported motor gains with exoskeletons plus VR or games, but samples were small and varied, mostly clinic-based. No single device or game setup is established.
• PTOTSLPSurvey2020Effects of Chronic Brain Injury on Quality of Life: A Study in Patients With Left- or Right-Sided Lesion.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationPeople with chronic focal brain injury reported quality of life in 5 areas, and left hemisphere injury was linked to worse perceived cognitive functioning even when standard cognitive tests did not differ.
• PTOTSLPCase-Control2020Subtle Motor Signs and Executive Functioning in Chronic Paediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Brief Report.Developmental neurorehabilitationChildren with chronic traumatic brain injury showed subtle motor deficits that correlated with executive function problems. A bedside motor exam may help flag which children need further cognitive testing.
• PTOTOther2019Vision does not always help stroke survivors compensate for impaired limb position sense.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationVision does not reliably help stroke survivors with impaired limb position sense. While some fully compensated, many showed only partial or no improvement. This challenges the common assumption that watching the affected limb solves proprioceptive deficits.
• PTOther2019Detection of body postures and movements in ambulatory adults with cerebral palsy: a novel and valid measure of physical behaviour.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationTaped to the outer thigh, the Activ8 monitor matched video within 10% for sitting, standing, walking and bicycling in adults with cerebral palsy. It overestimated running, and pocket or frontal thigh placement was less reliable.
• PTOTRCT2019Effects of virtual reality-based planar motion exercises on upper extremity function, range of motion, and health-related quality of life: a multicenter, single-blinded, randomized, controlled pilot study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationAdding 30 minutes of virtual reality planar motion to standard occupational therapy was safe but did not improve arm movement more than standard therapy alone. Patients reported better quality of life and recovery perception, but the small pilot size means these benefits are not yet proven.
• PTOTQualitative2020A qualitative study on user acceptance of a home-based stroke telerehabilitation system.Topics in stroke rehabilitationStroke patients who used a home telerehabilitation system combining games, exercises, education, and therapist video sessions valued feedback and connection, and found games enjoyable. They wanted reliable technical support, flexible schedules, and visible progress.
• PTOTPilot2019Leap motion controlled video game-based therapy for upper limb rehabilitation in patients with Parkinson's disease: a feasibility study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationLeap Motion games did not show a clear advantage over conventional therapy on grip strength or Box and Blocks dexterity, but did produce better Purdue Pegboard scores. In 23 people with Parkinson's, both groups reported high satisfaction and attended all 12 sessions.
• PTOTOther2019Detecting compensatory movements of stroke survivors using pressure distribution data and machine learning algorithms.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationIn eight stroke survivors, a pressure-distribution mattress and machine learning classified trunk lean-forward, trunk rotation and shoulder elevation during seated reaching, and the patterns matched trunk muscle activity.
• PTOTSLPNarrative Review2019Models of Traumatic Brain Injury in Aged Animals: A Clinical Perspective.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairPreclinical TBI research overwhelmingly uses young animals, leaving a gap in understanding how aging and common comorbidities like diabetes or hypertension affect recovery. Current animal models fail to replicate the clinical reality of elderly patients, limiting the translation of new treatments to geriatric care.
• PTOTOther2019Model for prompt and effective classification of motion recovery after stroke considering muscle strength and coordination factors.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationStroke patients differed from healthy people in how muscle signals were balanced between sides and shared among muscles. Patients with the same impairment score could have different muscle problems, so a score may not guide therapy choice.
• PTOther2019Hand Motor Actions of Children With Cerebral Palsy Are Associated With Abnormal Sensorimotor Cortical Oscillations.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairChildren with cerebral palsy showed weaker brain signals for movement execution and feedback compared to typically developing peers, correlating with slower reaction times. However, brain signals for movement planning were normal. This suggests hand motor delays stem from execution and feedback issues rather than planning deficits.