TOPIC

Neurological research

Everything we have read on neurological. Each paper is summarised from the full article rather than its abstract, so the limitations are in there too, and the funding wherever the paper declares it.

2,792 PAPERS · PAGE 43 OF 56 · NEWEST FIRST

• PTOTOther2025Quantifying arm swing in Parkinson's disease: a method accounting for arm activities during free-living gait.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationA new sensor method filters out arm activities like holding objects to measure arm swing during daily walking. In people with Parkinson's, this filtering revealed significantly larger increases in arm swing range after medication compared to unfiltered data. This offers a more sensitive tool for tracking treatment response in real-world settings.
• PTOTCohort2025Predictive factors for functional and motor recovery following spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage.Journal of rehabilitation medicineEarly sitting ability predicted recovery after intracerebral haemorrhage. Patients unable to sit without physical assistance or maintain sitting for 2 minutes had poorer function, motor recovery and transfers. This does not prove that training sitting improves outcomes.
• PTOTSLPOther2025Elevated parkinsonism symptoms in autism during middle and older adulthood are linked with psychosocial, physical health, and mental health outcomes.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchAutistic adults aged 40-83 who screened positive for parkinsonism reported lower physical, environmental, and autism-specific quality of life, plus more memory, sleep, and depression issues. These links persisted when excluding those on antipsychotics, but daily living skills findings did not.
• PTOTCohort2024Analysis of fall risk factors and environmental hazards for older adults in Japan: assessing fall situations and locations.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn Japanese day-care homes, falls clustered in bedrooms, hallways, and entrances. Not using an assistive device predicted hallway and entrance falls, while Parkinson’s disease, orthopedic conditions, and cane use predicted bedroom falls.
• PTOTRCT2025Combined effects and timing of robotic training and botulinum toxin on upper limb spasticity and motor function: a single‑blinded randomized controlled pilot study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationIn this small pilot, delaying robotic training until four weeks after botulinum toxin injection produced the greatest motor function gains. Spasticity reduction depended on the toxin alone, not the timing of the robot.
• PTOTSLPOther2025The REAsmash serious game for the post-stroke diagnosis of distractor inhibition: contrast between immersive and non-immersive virtual reality test versions.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicinePost-stroke participants were slower than healthy controls on a serious game testing distractor inhibition. Immersive VR caused slower responses than non-immersive screens. However, the pattern of errors remained consistent across both VR types and groups, suggesting the test measures the same cognitive skill regardless of the device used.
• PTOTSLPCohort2025Submovements in manual tracking: people with Parkinson's disease produce more submovements than age-matched controls.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationPeople with Parkinson's made more small corrective movements and had larger timing and position errors than controls during manual tracking. This held true across all tested speeds. Older adults without Parkinson's showed similar error patterns to younger adults regarding movement smoothness.
• PTOTSLPMeta-Analysis2025Non-invasive cerebral and spinal cord stimulation for motor and gait recovery in incomplete spinal cord injury: systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationPooled non-invasive brain and spinal stimulation improved lower limb strength and gait, but this benefit vanished when broken down by technique. rTMS helped strength more than walking; tDCS effects were small. Spinal stimulation data was too sparse to conclude anything.
• OTOther2025The association of upper limb sensorimotor capacity, everyday inpatient behavior, and the effects of neurorehabilitation in persons with multiple sclerosis and stroke: a mixed-design study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationIn inpatient rehab, people with MS or stroke made fewer upper-limb movements per minute than healthy adults. Everyday movement matched lab tests only weakly, and rehab gains did not clearly translate into daily behavior.
• PTOTSLPCohort2025Contextual Determinants of Health Disparities in Utilization of Community-Based Rehabilitation Services Among Medicare Fee-for-Service Beneficiaries With Traumatic Brain Injury.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationWhere older TBI patients live shapes whether they get home or clinic rehab. High unemployment and rural living linked to less home care and less outpatient care respectively. Severe housing problems linked to more outpatient care. Context matters for access.
• PTOTCohort2025Rehabilitation training robot using mirror therapy for the upper and lower limb after stroke: a prospective cohort study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationRobot training did not improve daily living independence more than standard therapy. It increased shoulder flexor strength in upper-limb users and hip, knee, and ankle strength in lower-limb users. Brain scans showed connectivity changes in both groups. Standard care remains the benchmark for functional independence.
• PTOTSLPCohort2025Environmental Barriers are Associated With Rehabilitation Needs 10 to 15 Years After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Veterans Affairs TBI Model Systems Study.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationVeterans with traumatic brain injury reported more unmet rehabilitation needs 10 to 15 years later when they faced environmental barriers. Attitudes of others, discrimination, and lack of accessible services were the strongest links, even after accounting for cognitive disability.
• PTOTOther2025Investigation of independence in the tasks involving the use of public transportation in patients with subacute stroke.Journal of rehabilitation medicineAmong subacute stroke patients practising public transport, only 15.4% to 41.9% completed all tasks in their course independently; walking in crowds was hardest, with 61.9% independent.
• PTOTCase-Control2024Association between freezing of gait and anticipatory postural adjustments in Parkinson's disease.Journal of physical therapy sciencePeople with Parkinson's disease and freezing of gait showed delayed and smaller anticipatory postural adjustments when standing on one leg. These movement differences were distinct enough to separate those with freezing from those without, suggesting the pattern may serve as a biomarker for postural control problems.
• PTOTSLPCase Series2024Usefulness of automated tractography for outcome prediction in patients with recurrent stroke.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn three patients with recurrent stroke, automated brain scans identified specific nerve tract damage that matched their long-term recovery levels. Patients with widespread tract damage had poor outcomes, while those with limited damage regained independence, suggesting scans may help predict rehabilitation potential.
• PTOTCohort2025Trends in spasticity-reducing surgery and botulinum toxin treatment for post-stroke spasticity: a register study on 6,258 patients in Sweden, 2010-2021.Journal of rehabilitation medicinePatients who had surgery received fewer botulinum toxin injections afterward, but the registry could not show surgery caused this. Surgery use stayed flat while injection use rose.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2025Adherence of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in Parkinson Disease to Trustworthy Standards: A Systematic Survey.DysphagiaMost Parkinson's dysphagia guidelines fail trustworthy standards. They rarely specify screening or monitoring, rely on expert opinion, and offer vague advice. Clinicians should treat existing guidance as low-quality and prioritize individualized assessment over protocol adherence.
• PTOTCohort2025Modeling Upper Limb Rehabilitation-Induced Recovery After Stroke: The Role of Attention as a Clinical Confounder.Physical therapyIn stroke patients receiving about 1.5 hours of daily therapy, the amount of rehabilitation did not predict upper limb recovery. Baseline motor function was the only significant predictor. Attention levels confounded the results, suggesting cognitive status may mask rehabilitation effects.
• PTOTOther2025Investigating the cortical effect of false positive feedback on motor learning in motor imagery based rehabilitative BCI training.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationIn four stroke patients, false feedback during hand brain-computer training did not clearly change peak brain activation. In healthy volunteers, training without false feedback produced stronger activation, like active movement.
• PTOTSLPOther2025Efficacy of high- versus moderate-intensity spatially distributed sequential stimulation in subjects with spinal cord injury: an isometric study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationFor whole-quadriceps stimulation, moderate intensity preserved force and fatigue resistance better than high intensity. For the vastus lateralis alone, high intensity did not reduce these benefits compared to moderate intensity.
• PTOTQualitative2025Supervised exercise after minor stroke: an evaluation from the perspective of patients and healthcare professionals.Journal of rehabilitation medicinePatients were most motivated to exercise immediately after stroke, before daily life reorganized. Supervised hospital exercise felt safer and more engaging than municipal sessions, where patients felt less supported. Peer bonding and frequent follow-ups were key to maintaining activity.
• PTOTRCT2025MEP Status is Not Predictive of Response to Upper Limb Training in People With Chronic, Moderate-Severe Hemiparesis Post-Stroke.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairIn chronic moderate-to-severe stroke, a motor evoked potential before upper limb training did not predict arm improvement. People with and without a baseline MEP improved similarly, with similar proportions achieving a 6-point improvement. MEP status alone did not help predict response.
• PTOTPilot2025Home-Based Nonimmersive Virtual Reality Training After Discharge From Inpatient or Outpatient Stroke Rehabilitation: Parallel Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologiesHome virtual reality balance and gait training after stroke was feasible and safe, but did not improve balance, gait or function more than iPad apps. Both groups improved some measures over six weeks.
• PTOTRCT2025EEG-fMRI neurofeedback versus motor imagery after stroke, a randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationStroke survivors with partial upper limb impairment who trained with EEG-fMRI neurofeedback improved more on arm function scores than those doing motor imagery alone. The gains held at one month, but the study was small and the neurofeedback felt harder.
• PTOTRCT2025Resting-state hemodynamic changes and effects on upper limb function after multi-channel transcranial direct current stimulation to the ipsilesional primary motor cortex and anterior intraparietal sulcus in stroke patients: an fNIRS pilot study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationFMA-UE upper limb scores did not improve more with real tDCS added to exercises than sham added to exercises. The Box and Block Test favoured real tDCS, but this pilot cannot show tDCS works.
• PTOTCase Report2025Diagnosis, treatment, and functional outcomes for two adolescent female patients with lupus myelitis: a case report.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesAdolescent girls with lupus myelitis improved self-care and mobility during inpatient rehabilitation, but they received multiple immunomodulatory treatments and intensive therapy together.
• PTOTOther2025Rocking in a rocking chair activates trunk muscles in children with spinal cord injury and impaired trunk control.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicineRocking in a custom chair significantly increased trunk muscle activity in children with spinal cord injury compared to quiet sitting. All eleven children with SCI could rock the chair independently, found it enjoyable, and experienced no injuries, suggesting it is a safe, accessible way to activate trunk muscles.
• PTOTNarrative Review2025Inducing asymmetric gait in healthy walkers: a review.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesResearchers reviewed ways to make healthy walkers limp. Leg length differences and unilateral weights worked best. Sensory tricks like vibration or sound were inconsistent. These methods help test devices before recruiting patients.
• PTOTSLPCohort2025Tongue Pressure and Grip Strength as Indicators of Persistent Dysphagia After Acute Stroke.DysphagiaLow tongue pressure and grip strength measured within 48 hours of acute stroke admission independently predicted dysphagia persisting to discharge. Skeletal muscle mass and stroke severity (NIHSS) did not. Early bedside measures of oral and general strength may help flag patients needing longer-term feeding or rehab planning.
• PTOTSLPOther2025Abnormal activity in the brainstem affects gait in a neuromusculoskeletal model.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationComputer simulations suggest that different types of freezing of gait may stem from abnormal activity in two specific brainstem nuclei. This offers a theoretical model for why some patients respond to cues while others need medication, but it is not yet clinical evidence.
• PTOTSystematic Review2025Exploring balance control mechanisms in people with multiple sclerosis in virtual reality environment: a systematic review.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationVirtual reality balance training for people with MS shows mixed results compared to standard therapy. While patients tolerated the technology well with minimal side effects, the evidence is too heterogeneous to confirm that VR is superior to traditional balance exercises for improving stability.
• PTOTSurvey2025Sexual Function and Quality of Life in Individuals Post Stroke.Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapyMost stroke survivors in this South African study had sexual dysfunction, but it did not significantly lower their overall quality of life scores. Two-thirds did not know healthcare professionals could help, suggesting a major gap in patient education and support.
• PTOTRCT2025Hands-free Atalante exoskeleton in post-stroke gait and balance rehabilitation: a safety study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationHands-free exoskeleton training was safe for stroke patients unable to walk. Skin cuts and knee pain were minor and rare. Patients improved walking speed and balance over five sessions, but without a control group, this cannot prove the device caused the change.
• PTOTCohort2025Acute serum androgen levels and post-rehabilitation functioning in spinal cord injury: findings from SwiSCI.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicineIn men with new spinal cord injuries, lower baseline free testosterone was linked to slower functional recovery and lower discharge scores. These associations lost significance after correcting for multiple tests, and results for women were null due to small numbers.
• PTOTCohort2024Brain regions associated with balance function assessed by the Berg Balance Scale in post-stroke patients.Journal of physical therapy scienceBalance scores in post-stroke patients correlated with damage in three brain tracts: the corticospinal, cingulum, and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. This suggests balance recovery depends on both motor pathways and association fibers, not just limb strength.
• OTQualitative2025Improving Parent and Therapist Experiences of Codelivering Intensive Upper Limb Interventions for Children With Hemiplegia: A Qualitative Study Using the Theoretical Domains Framework.Child: care, health and developmentParents and therapists found codelivering intensive upper limb therapy challenging due to travel, time, and unclear roles. Virtual sessions helped parents lead, but in-person clinics often kept them observing. Emotional support and clearer communication between hospital and community teams were key needs.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2025Is physical therapy recommended for people with parkinson's disease treated with subthalamic deep brain stimulation? a delphi consensus study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationExperts recommend conventional physical therapy for Parkinson's patients with deep brain stimulation, but the underlying evidence is weak. No randomized trials exist, so this is expert opinion, not proof of effectiveness. Do not treat it as a clinical guideline.
• PTOTSLPCohort2024Examination of evaluation indicators for spasticity in stroke patients using ultrasound imaging equipment.Journal of physical therapy scienceUltrasound measurement of muscle-tendon junction displacement correlated with spasticity severity in the arm and leg. The paretic side showed greater displacement than the non-paretic side. Other ultrasound indices did not track spasticity, suggesting displacement is a potential objective alternative to the subjective Ashworth scale.
• PTOTRCT2025Mirror therapy reduces excessive variability of motor network in stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicineAdding mirror visual feedback to conventional therapy improved upper-limb motor function more than conventional therapy alone in subacute stroke patients. MRI scans showed mirror therapy reduced excessive brain activity variability in the affected motor cortex, a change linked to clinical recovery.
• PTOTSLPOther2025Development and evaluation of Goal setting and Action Planning (G-AP) training to support person-centred rehabilitation practice.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesStaff felt confident using G-AP with individual patients after online training, but team-level rollout stalled due to time pressures and role changes. The resource is free, but this study measured staff opinions, not patient outcomes.
• PTOTOther2025Achieving precision assessment of functional clinical scores for upper extremity using IMU-Based wearable devices and deep learning methods.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationWearable sensors and AI matched therapist scores for arm function in stroke patients. The system predicted Fugl-Meyer scores with high accuracy and identified recovery stages reliably, offering a tool for objective monitoring.
• PTOTQualitative2025Resilience and adaptations-insights from Norwegian adolescents with pediatric-onset spinal cord injury.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesAdolescents with spinal cord injuries prioritized independence and social connection over physical recovery alone. They valued peers who treated them normally and schools that adapted activities rather than excusing them. They sought autonomy in daily choices, often preferring self-directed exercise to supervised therapy.
• PTOTSLPPilot2025A technology-enriched approach to increasing rehabilitation dose after stroke: Clinical feasibility study.Clinical rehabilitationSub-acute stroke in-patients attended supervised group technology sessions of 52 minutes on average, in addition to usual therapy. Recruitment and dropout met feasibility targets, and no serious adverse reactions were reported.
• PTOTCohort2024Caregiver burden among informal caregivers of stroke survivors in Harare, Zimbabwe.The South African journal of physiotherapyCaregivers of stroke survivors reported higher strain when they were anxious, depressed, overwhelmed, or had adjusted work, and when survivors had poor physical, motor, or social outcomes. This reports associations, not proof that treatment reduces burden.
• PTOTRCT2025A clinical trial evaluating feasibility and acceptability of a brain-computer interface for telerehabilitation in patients with stroke.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationSeven people with chronic stroke could use a home brain-computer interface with electrical arm stimulation under remote supervision. They rated setup and use as easy by the end, and six had higher arm motor scores, but this was a feasibility pilot.
• PTOTCohort2025Examination of Proprioceptive Reliance During Backward Walking in Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis.Journal of neurologic physical therapy : JNPTBackward walking speed in people with MS depended more heavily on foot sensation than forward walking did. Those who had fallen recently had worse sensation and walked slower backward. This suggests backward walking is a sensitive test for sensory-driven balance issues.
• PTOTSLPProtocol2025Implementing psychosocial guidelines into specialized spinal cord injury rehabilitation services to strengthen person-centred health care: protocol for a mixed methods study.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesNo results yet. This paper describes a plan to introduce updated psychosocial guidelines to spinal cord injury teams in Australia. It outlines how researchers will measure whether staff adopt the guidelines, but reports no data on whether this improves patient care.
• PTOTSLPOther2025Brain Injury Sense of Self Scale: psychometric development of a new measure of strength of self-identity after traumatic brain injury.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicineThe new BISOSS scale identifies three distinct areas of self-identity trouble after brain injury: personal, societal, and relational. It helps clinicians pinpoint exactly where a patient feels lost, rather than just noting general low self-esteem. This allows for targeted conversation and care planning.
• PTOTRCT2025Transcranial direct current stimulation over the motor and premotor cortex with mirror therapy improves motor control, muscle function, and brain activity in chronic stroke: a double-blind randomized sham-controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationCompared with sham, brain stimulation over the premotor area before mirror therapy improved paretic hand speed and smoothness and reduced spasticity. Stimulation over the motor cortex reduced trunk displacement. All groups also practiced functional tasks.
• PTOTOther2025Exoskeleton-guided passive movement elicits standardized EEG patterns for generalizable BCIs in stroke rehabilitation.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationExoskeleton-guided passive hand movement produced more consistent EEG patterns than voluntary movement in 10 stroke patients and 20 healthy people. Deep learning decoded passive movement across participants at 72.63% in stroke and 86.00% in healthy, but motor recovery was not tested.