Soft robotics and functional electrical stimulation advances for restoring hand function in people with SCI: a narrative review, clinical guidelines and future directions.

The review is narrative, not systematic, so it may not have captured all relevant studies. Most included studies had very small sample sizes, often single cases or small pilots, limiting generalizability. A significant portion of the evidence comes from only five research groups, suggesting potential bias or lack of independent replication. Many studies did not report statistical analyses or used non-standardized outcome measures, making it difficult to determine if improvements were clinically meaningful. Most devices are research prototypes or modified commercial systems, meaning they are not currently available for standard clinical prescription.

Do not interpret the reported improvements in hand function as evidence that these devices are effective clinical treatments. Most studies were small, uncontrolled pilots or case reports with significant methodological limitations, and the devices themselves are largely experimental prototypes not yet ready for routine use.