Reliability and Validity of the Activity Participation Assessment for School-age Children in Korea.
Se-Yun Kim, Eun-Young Yoo, Min-Ye Jung and 3 others
PMID 30186065WHAT IT FOUND
A 38-item Korean questionnaire about how often school-age children do home, school, social, sport, and self-care tasks was stable over 2 weeks.
Parents reported lower participation for children with intellectual disability than for nondisabled children. It may guide OT conversations, not prove treatment benefit.
Key findings
01The final APA kept 38 activity items across five domains: instrumental activities of daily living, sports and outdoor activities, hobbies and school activities, social activities, and personal care.
02In 22 nondisabled children, scores were stable over 2 weeks, with reliability values of .86 to .92, which the paper treats as good to excellent.
03In parent-reported comparisons of 56 nondisabled children and 56 children with intellectual disability, nondisabled children had significantly higher participation scores in all five domains.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for OTs
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What it does not show
The authors say the factor analysis was preliminary and the small sample size limits generalisation. The final 38-item tool removed 45 items, including culturally relevant Korean activities, because they had low factor loadings. The study did not assess inter-rater reliability or concurrent validity with other participation tools. For children with intellectual disability, parents completed the questionnaire, so the child's own perspective was not measured. The test-retest reliability was based on 22 nondisabled children. The paper describes development for Korean school-age children and does not report validation outside Korea.
The easy way to misread this
Do not conclude that the APA improves participation or that it is ready as a standard outcome measure for all children. It is a preliminary questionnaire for Korean school-age children, and culturally relevant activities were removed during factor analysis.