PTOTSLPCohortDevelopmental medicine and child neurology2026

Characteristics of unilateral cerebral palsy according to gestational age at birth: A retrospective study.

Johanie Victoria Piché, Nafisa Hussein, Adam Kirton and 4 others

PMID 41670174

WHAT IT FOUND

Most children with unilateral cerebral palsy were born at term.

Premature birth did not predict later impairments, but focal brain injuries like stroke were linked to fewer cognitive and communication issues, yet higher rates of epilepsy, compared to white matter injuries.

Key findings

01The majority of participants with unilateral cerebral palsy were born at term, with smaller proportions born moderate-to-late preterm or very-to-extremely preterm.

02Gestational age at birth did not significantly affect the odds of having additional impairments such as cognitive, communication, or motor deficits.

03Focal brain injuries were associated with reduced odds of cognitive and communication impairments but increased odds of epilepsy compared to other MRI patterns.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for PTsWhat it means for OTsWhat it means for SLPs

Read the rest of this summary

You get three full summaries a month, free, and we do not ask for a card. Search, the TL;DRs and your library stay unlimited either way.

Already have one?

What it does not show

MRI data was missing for a significant portion of participants, particularly those born very-to-extremely preterm, which may introduce bias. The study relied on registry data, so the recognition of neonatal signs like encephalopathy may have been inconsistent, especially in preterm infants who were not eligible for therapeutic hypothermia. The assessment of additional impairments was at age 5, which may not capture later-emerging issues or subtle conditions like ADHD. The study was conducted in a high-resource setting, so findings may not generalize to other healthcare systems.

Declared interests

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

The easy way to misread this

Do not assume that premature birth automatically leads to more severe additional impairments in unilateral cerebral palsy. This study found that gestational age did not predict the presence of impairments; instead, the specific type of brain injury seen on MRI was the stronger predictor.

Summarised by AI from the full paper, without a clinician reviewing it. Check it against the source before it changes what you do. Read it on PubMed →