PTOTSLPPilotJournal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARID2025

A Tele-Coaching Pilot Study: An Innovative Approach to Enhance Motor Skills in Adolescents With Down Syndrome.

Matteo Giuriato, Alessandro Gatti, Vittoria Carnevale Pellino and 9 others

PMID 40052390

WHAT IT FOUND

Adolescents with Down syndrome improved on one specific balance test and lowered their systolic blood pressure after 15 weeks of remote, game-based exercise.

However, their overall motor coordination, walking distance, and cognitive scores did not change significantly. This is a small pilot without a control group, so these gains might just be practice or natural variation.

Key findings

01Balance on the walking-backward test improved significantly, but total gross motor coordination scores did not.

02Systolic blood pressure decreased significantly, while weight and BMI showed non-significant decreases.

03Cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive domains (memory, executive function, language) showed no significant improvements.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for PTsWhat it means for OTsWhat it means for SLPs

Read the rest of this summary

You get three full summaries a month, free, and we do not ask for a card. Search, the TL;DRs and your library stay unlimited either way.

Already have one?

What it does not show

This was a pilot study with a very small sample size (18 participants) and no control group, making it impossible to determine if improvements were due to the intervention, natural growth, or practice effects from repeated testing. Participants with severe cognitive difficulties, cardiovascular disease, or those already in other training programmes were excluded, limiting the applicability of results to the broader Down syndrome population. The study did not measure IQ, which can influence motor and cognitive performance, and relied on parent-reported questionnaires for cognitive outcomes, which may introduce bias. The intervention was short-term (15 weeks), and the lack of significant changes in physical fitness and total motor coordination may reflect an insufficient dose or duration for these outcomes.

Declared interests

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

The easy way to misread this

Do not interpret the significant improvement in the walking-backward balance test or the drop in systolic blood pressure as proof that this remote programme works. Without a control group, these changes could be due to practice effects or natural variation, and the total motor coordination score did not improve.

Read it on PubMed →