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Paediatrics research

Everything we have read on paediatrics. Each paper is summarised from the full article rather than its abstract, so the limitations are in there too, and the funding wherever the paper declares it.

1,906 PAPERS · PAGE 6 OF 39 · NEWEST FIRST

• PTOther2018The coupled effects of crouch gait and patella alta on tibiofemoral and patellofemoral cartilage loading in children.Gait & postureCrouch gait in children increased simulated knee cartilage pressures and shifted tibial loading posteriorly. Patellar position changed contact location; pressures were relatively insensitive except severe crouch.
• PTCohort2017A comparison of parent and childcare provider's attitudes and perceptions about preschoolers' physical activity and outdoor time.Child: care, health and developmentChild-care providers valued outdoor play more than parents did, and parents worried more about germs. Children were mostly sedentary everywhere, but moved more at child care than at home. Parental attitudes rarely predicted children's actual activity levels.
• PTOTPilot2017Participation in physical activities for children with cerebral palsy: feasibility and effectiveness of physical activity on prescription.Archives of physiotherapyAll 11 children improved in their chosen physical activities, and families accepted the programme. Accelerometer activity did not rise for every child, and two children's total activity fell.
• PTOther2018Reliability analysis of the Korean version of the trunk control measurement scale in cerebral palsy.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn 15 children with cerebral palsy, the Korean trunk control scale gave consistent scores on repeat testing and across four video raters, but some arm and trunk rotation items were less consistent.
• PTRCT2017Structural Connectivity Related to Persistent Symptoms After Mild TBI in Adolescents and Response to Aerobic Training: Preliminary Investigation.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationBrain network scans showed abnormal connectivity in adolescents with persistent post-concussion symptoms. After 6 to 8 weeks of aerobic training, global efficiency improved and correlated with symptom reduction, but there was no significant difference between the aerobic and stretching groups.
• PTOTOther2018Design and development of the first exoskeletal garment to enhance arm mobility for children with movement impairments.Assistive technology : the official journal of RESNAA soft exoskeletal garment was designed for one child with arthrogryposis to lift his arms. It cost $10 in materials and allowed 90-degree arm lift without blocking other shoulder movement. Parents found it easy to use but initially wanted it to look more like normal clothing.
• PTOTSLPCohort2017Clinical and metabolic correlates of cerebral calcifications in Sturge-Weber syndrome.Developmental medicine and child neurologyBrain calcification volume in Sturge-Weber syndrome increased over time and correlated with lower IQ scores. Larger calcification was also linked to younger age at seizure onset, suggesting it may serve as an imaging marker for cognitive outcome in young children.
• PTRCT2017Robotic Resistance Treadmill Training Improves Locomotor Function in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationChildren receiving resistance treadmill training had larger gains in fast walking speed and six-minute walking distance than children receiving assistance. The study was small and assessors knew groups, so treat as preliminary.
• PTRCT2017Effects of the Integration of Dynamic Weight Shifting Training Into Treadmill Training on Walking Function of Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Study.American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitationBetween-group walking speed gains were not different, but treadmill training plus cable-driven leg and pelvis assistance gave a larger endurance gain than treadmill training alone. Within the robotic group, self-selected speed and endurance improved after training, but not at follow-up.
• PTOther2017Gait analysis on force treadmill in children: comparison with results from ground-based force platforms.International journal of rehabilitation research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Rehabilitationsforschung. Revue internationale de recherches de readaptationIn healthy children aged 5 to 13, a force treadmill gave gait results broadly similar to floor platform walking, but the youngest children took shorter steps and walked with slightly more flexed hips, knees and ankles.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2017Refining the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Patient-Reported Outcome (PEDI-PRO) item candidates: interpretation of a self-reported outcome measure of functional performance by young people with neurodevelopmental disabilities.Developmental medicine and child neurologyYoung people with disabilities understood 86% of self-report items as intended and matched their ratings to spoken descriptions. They interpreted tasks literally, so unfamiliar wording or specific methods caused confusion. The measure works, but items need familiar contexts to avoid misinterpretation.
• PTOTOther2018Safety and Feasibility of Rehabilitation Interventions in Children Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant With Thrombocytopenia.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationSupervised PT and OT appear safe for children undergoing stem cell transplant with low platelets. No major bleeding occurred, and minor bleeding was rare. However, therapy was often declined or withheld, so frequent attempts are needed to ensure patients receive adequate rehabilitation.
• PTOther2018Determining if wearable sensors affect infant leg movement frequency.Developmental neurorehabilitationWearable ankle sensors did not change how often infants moved their legs when compared with no sensors. The overall difference was very small, and it was small in infants at risk for developmental delay.
• PTOTCase-Control2017Long-term impact of childhood selective dorsal rhizotomy on pain, fatigue, and function: a case-control study.Developmental medicine and child neurologyChildhood selective dorsal rhizotomy did not reduce adult pain or fatigue, but adults who had the surgery reported better overall motor function and needed fewer hours of daily assistance than those who did not.
• PTOTPilot2018Detection of early symptoms of cumulativetrauma disorders among mothers of handicapped children: a pilot study.Journal of physical therapy scienceMothers of children with cerebral palsy who needed help with transfer and daily care had lower hand grip strength and lower wrist extensor muscle activity than mothers of healthy children. This pilot does not show that caregiving caused the difference.
• PTOTOther2018Introducing the Adults with Chronic Healthcare Needs (ACHCN) definition and screening instrument: Rationale, supporting evidence and testing.Disability and health journalA proposed screener identifies working-age adults with chronic healthcare needs by combining ongoing conditions or functional difficulties with elevated service use or unmet need. Cognitive testing supported item wording, but it has not yet been field tested.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2017How to Implement Robots in Interventions for Children with Autism? A Co-creation Study Involving People with Autism, Parents and Professionals.Journal of autism and developmental disordersProfessionals and stakeholders said robot KASPAR for children with autism should be matched to each child's plan, short, gradual, and embedded in practice. They described operation, voice, movement, setting, and training needs, not tested effects.
• PTOther2018Partitioning ground reaction forces for multi-segment foot joint kinetics.Gait & postureFor estimating foot joint moments and powers from one force plate, adding a pressure mat gave more accurate midtarsal estimates than using center of pressure alone. Metatarsophalangeal joint moments were less accurate.
• PTRCT2018Pharmacogenomic Variability of Oral Baclofen Clearance and Clinical Response in Children With Cerebral Palsy.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationA rare ABCC9 variant was associated with faster weight-adjusted baclofen clearance in 49 children with cerebral palsy, but not unadjusted clearance. Response findings were limited by tiny carrier numbers, so this is not a dosing guide.
• PTOTSLPPilot2017Robot ZORA in rehabilitation and special education for children with severe physical disabilities: a pilot study.International journal of rehabilitation research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Rehabilitationsforschung. Revue internationale de recherches de readaptationTherapists and educators rated individual goals as easier after six ZORA robot sessions in 17 children with severe physical disabilities. Children were seen as playful and liked the sessions, but this pilot cannot show the robot alone caused the change.
• PTOther2017A Scoping Review of Health Disparities in Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disordersParents of African American or Latino children with autism often reported poorer access to general medical care. Girls and women were more likely to report psychiatric or emergency service use, and rural children used emergency care more. Physical health outcomes were not studied.
• PTOTSLPCase-Control2017Homogeneous Subgroups of Young Children with Autism Improve Phenotypic Characterization in the Study to Explore Early Development.Journal of autism and developmental disordersResearchers identified four distinct profiles of young children with autism. Two profiles featured mild language delays but significant sensory and behavioral issues. Clinicians should screen for cognitive rigidity and unusual sensory responses even when a child's language development appears near typical.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2018Depression and Depressive Symptoms in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: A Scoping Review.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationChildren with TBI report more depressive symptoms than peers, but rates vary widely and evidence does not confirm higher clinical depression diagnoses. Symptoms often persist beyond the acute phase, suggesting a need for ongoing mental health monitoring rather than assuming they resolve with physical recovery.
• PTOTSurvey2018Understanding frames: A UK survey of parents and professionals regarding the use of standing frames for children with cerebral palsy.Child: care, health and developmentMost UK clinicians prescribe standing frames for children with cerebral palsy from experience, not guidance. Parents reported daily use was achieved by 18% and 30 to 60 minute use by 52%. Benefits were perceived, not proven; space, funding, discomfort and support needs limited use.
• PTOTMeta-Analysis2017A Systematic Review of Exercise Systematic Reviews in the Cancer Literature (2005-2017).PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationSupervised moderate to vigorous exercise generally improved fatigue, fitness and function in adults with cancer, according to 51 reviews. Exact dose and long-term effects remain unclear.
• PTOTSLPCohort2017Behavioral Markers of Emergent Stranger Anxiety in Infants and Toddlers with Fragile X Syndrome.Journal of autism and developmental disordersInfants with Fragile X showed less facial fear than controls. Within the group, stable distress vocalizations linked to later social withdrawal, while lower escape behaviors linked to higher autistic symptoms. These markers did not predict general anxiety.
• PTNarrative Review2017Skeletal muscle mechanics, energetics and plasticity.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationSpastic muscles in stroke and cerebral palsy have altered architecture and stiffness, and ultrasound stiffness tests may help separate passive from nerve-related stiffness. This review does not show that any treatment works.
• PTOTCase Series2017Cognitive functioning over 2 years after intracerebral hemorrhage in school-aged children.Developmental medicine and child neurologyMotor function improved after childhood intracerebral hemorrhage, and some reasoning skills reached average range, but working memory stayed low and processing speed lagged peers. Motor recovery may mask cognitive needs, so plan serial cognitive testing.
• PTOTSLPOther2018A scoping review of the needs of children and other family members after a child's traumatic injury.Clinical rehabilitationAfter traumatic injury in children, families and children often struggled to get information, emotional help, and school or community support. Four studies identified needs for physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy and audiology, but evidence on measuring needs was absent.
• PTRCT2017Upper extremity resistance exercise with elastic bands for respiratory function in children with cerebral palsy.Journal of physical therapy scienceAdding elastic band arm exercises to standard therapy did not significantly improve breathing capacity in children with cerebral palsy. However, it did significantly increase grip strength and showed a trend toward better expiratory muscle strength, though the study was too small to confirm benefits.
• PTOTCohort2017Less-Affected Hand Function in Children With Hemiparetic Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Comparison Study With Typically Developing Peers.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairChildren with hemiparetic cerebral palsy took 21.4 seconds longer on hand function tests with their less-affected hand compared to typical peers. This subtle deficit suggests therapists should assess and treat the less-affected hand, not just the weaker one.
• PTOTCase Report2017Effects of interactive metronome training on timing, attention, working memory, and processing speed in children with ADHD: a case study of two children.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn two children with ADHD, interactive metronome training was followed by faster timing and higher attention scores, but one child showed no working-memory change. It is a case report, not proof the training works.
• PTCohort2018Cognitive and physical development in HIV-positive children in South Africa and Malawi: A community-based follow-up comparison study.Child: care, health and developmentHIV-positive children in South Africa and Malawi showed lower growth, school, physical, cognitive and quality-of-life scores than HIV-negative children. Their improvement over follow-up was mostly similar, except physical functioning improved more.
• PTOTSLPCohort2017Clinical phenotype of ASD-associated DYRK1A haploinsufficiency.Molecular autismDYRK1A disruptions were associated with microcephaly, speech delay, intellectual impairment, motor and feeding problems, vision abnormalities, and ASD features. This pattern can guide assessment of speech, motor, feeding, vision, and adaptive needs.
• PTOther2017Changes in gluteal pressure and center of force during sitting in children with cerebral palsy.Journal of physical therapy scienceChildren with cerebral palsy had higher peak gluteal pressure and a more posterior center of force while sitting than typically developing peers. Check seating pressure relief, but this small study did not test interventions.
• PTOTSLPCohort2018The impact of developmental coordination disorder on educational achievement in secondary school.Research in developmental disabilitiesTeenagers classified with DCD at 7-8 achieved fewer GCSE exams than peers: 39% reached 5 or more passes versus 70% controls. Once reading, social communication and hyperactivity/inattention were taken into account, DCD alone was not clearly linked to lower GCSE attainment.
• PTOTSLPCase Series2017Prospective investigation of FOXP1 syndrome.Molecular autismChildren with FOXP1 mutations had delayed speech and language, motor and visual-motor deficits, and universal dysarthria. Expressive language tested better than receptive. Early PT, SLP, and OT were recommended, not tested.
• PTOTOther2018Comparing motor performance, praxis, coordination, and interpersonal synchrony between children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).Research in developmental disabilitiesChildren with autism showed lower gross and fine motor scores, more errors copying movements, slower movements, and poorer synchrony with a partner than typically developing children, in both higher and lower IQ groups among 24 children with autism and 12 typically developing children.
• PTPilot2018Total energy expenditure and body composition of children with developmental disabilities.Disability and health journalChildren with Down syndrome and children with spina bifida who used wheelchairs had lower daily energy expenditure than controls. When matched for fat-free mass, their recommended daily calorie need was 500-800 calories lower.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2018Views of teenage children about the effects of a Parent's mobility disability.Disability and health journalTeens with mobility-disabled parents described mixed feelings, not just burden. Some felt closer or more mature, while others faced fear and isolation during hospitalizations. Support needs varied by whether the parent’s disability was stable or progressing.
• PTOTSLPCohort2018Long-term behavioural outcomes after paediatric convulsive status epilepticus: a population-based cohort study.Developmental medicine and child neurologyChildren who had convulsive status epilepticus, even without epilepsy, showed more behavioural problems than peers. Screening should not stop at seizure control, as many issues go undetected. Those with lower IQ or prior seizures were at highest risk.
• PTOther2018The relationship between physical fitness and academic achievement among adolescent in South Korea.Journal of physical therapy scienceBetter physical fitness was linked to higher final exam scores across subjects in 236 South Korean middle school students. This link was not tested in a trial, so it does not show exercise improves grades.
• PTOther2018Relationships Between Gross Motor Skills and Social Function in Young Boys With Autism Spectrum Disorder.Pediatric physical therapy : the official publication of the Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy AssociationBetter gross motor scores, especially ball skills and stability, were moderately associated with better parent-reported social function in young boys with autism. This is a relationship, not proof motor training improves social skills.
• PTOTSLPCase Report2017Early development of infants with neurofibromatosis type 1: a case series.Molecular autismAt 10 months, ten infants with NF1 showed motor and communication delays; social engagement and temperament appeared typical. This small series cannot guide treatment.
• PTOTOther2018The Tyneside Pegboard Test: development, validation, and observations in unilateral cerebral palsy.Developmental medicine and child neurologyThe Tyneside Pegboard Test measures bimanual coordination separately from hand speed. In children with unilateral cerebral palsy, bimanual scores correlate with affected-hand function, while dominant-hand speed does not. This test identifies coordination deficits that single-hand assessments miss.
• PTPilot2018Quantifying Effect of Onabotulinum Toxin A on Passive Muscle Stiffness in Children with Cerebral Palsy Using Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography.American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitationIn 9 children with spastic cerebral palsy, calf ultrasound showed the BoNT-A stiffness effect faded between 1 and 3 months, but 1-month stiffness did not clearly differ from before, and ankle motion and spasticity did not clearly change.
• PTQualitative2018Perceptions of Physical Activity Participation Among Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Conceptual Model of Conditional Participation.Journal of autism and developmental disordersAdolescents with autism spectrum disorder said they were willing to be physically active only when conditions fit them: confidence in the activity, enjoyment and meaning, manageable social and environmental demands, predictability, and freedom to choose. Physical education was especially hard.
• PTOther2018Gross motor skill development of kindergarten children in Japan.Journal of physical therapy scienceGirls had higher locomotor and overall gross motor scores, while boys had higher object control scores, among 60 healthy Japanese 5-year-olds from one kindergarten.
• PTOTCohort2018Effect of the frequency of therapy on the performance of activities of daily living in children with cerebral palsy.Journal of physical therapy sciencePhysical therapy frequency did not show significant differences in daily living skills. Intensive occupational therapy was associated with a significant overall daily living skill improvement compared with bimonthly therapy, and therapy frequency was correlated with mobility and social function.
• PTSystematic Review2018Informing the Update to the Physical Therapy Management of Congenital Muscular Torticollis Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline.Pediatric physical therapy : the official publication of the Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy AssociationEarlier PT and higher stretching frequency are supported; microcurrent may shorten treatment and improve outcomes, while kinesiology taping added to exercise did not add clear benefit. Low birth weight, breech, SCM lesion, and motor asymmetry were associated with longer care.