TOPIC

Paediatrics research

Everything we have read on paediatrics. Each paper is summarised from the full article rather than its abstract, so the limitations are in there too, and the funding wherever the paper declares it.

1,906 PAPERS · PAGE 22 OF 39 · NEWEST FIRST

• PTOTSLPCohort2022Racial/Ethnic Differences in Psychiatric and Medical Diagnoses Among Autistic Adults.Autism in adulthoodAutistic adults had more psychiatric and medical diagnoses than non-autistic adults, but Black, Hispanic, and Asian autistic adults received fewer psychiatric diagnoses than White autistic adults. These gaps likely reflect under-detection and access barriers rather than lower actual need.
• PTOTSLPOther2022Cross-Cultural Validation of Health and Quality of Life Measures for Children in Hong Kong.Occupational therapy internationalChildren with special educational needs reported lower quality of life than peers, particularly in physical and social functioning. Parents generally agreed with their children's views, except for school performance, where parents rated it lower.
• PTOTOther2023Community-based postural control assessment in autistic individuals indicates a similar but delayed trajectory compared to neurotypical individuals.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchAutistic children and adolescents showed similar but delayed postural control development compared to neurotypical peers. They had greater sway variability and used less efficient movement strategies. This indicates persistent motor differences that do not resolve with age.
• PTOTSLPOther2023Abilities and Disabilities Among Children With Developmental Language Disorder.Language, speech, and hearing services in schoolsLanguage impairment severity did not predict disability. Children with DLD who accumulated multiple risks like low nonverbal IQ or poor health were more likely to be disabled, while those with one or no risks functioned well. Strengths in daily living and socialization persisted.
• PTOTSLPOther2023Problem solving and collaborative involvement among adolescents with spinal cord injury and their caregivers.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesAdolescents with spinal cord injury who perceived their caregivers as collaborative partners in their daily care showed better positive and rational problem-solving skills. This association held even when accounting for the caregivers' own problem-solving abilities.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2023The Burden of COVID-19 on Caregivers of Children with Suspected Genetic Conditions: A Therapeutic Odyssey.Physical & occupational therapy in pediatricsOnly two of 25 caregivers said the pandemic interrupted their child's diagnostic search. But every caregiver needing in-person physical, occupational, speech, behavioral, or psychotherapy had trouble accessing it, and virtual therapy often left parents to do therapy without enough training.
• PTCohort2023Diagnostic accuracy of the Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Examination in predicting motor outcome at 12 months for infants born very preterm.Developmental medicine and child neurologyIn infants born very preterm, an early neurological exam around 32 weeks postmenstrual age flagged 12-month motor risk only moderately. It is better than a term-equivalent exam, but it is not a diagnosis.
• PTCase-Control2022Children Who Experience Unintentional Injuries: Their Functional Profiles.Occupational therapy internationalParents of children with recent unintentional injuries rated them as having lower executive function skills, less responsibility, and more risk-taking behavior than uninjured peers. Most injured children had undiagnosed or diagnosed learning disabilities or ADHD. This group played more outside the home.
• PTOTRCT2023Efficacy of integrating a semi-immersive virtual device in the HABIT-ILE intervention for children with unilateral cerebral palsy: a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationReplacing half the hands-on therapy time in a HABIT-ILE camp with a virtual screen device improved hand function and daily life skills just as well as usual therapy. It did not improve walking, so keep lower-limb practice physical.
• PTOTSLPCohort2023Variable patterns of daily activity participation across settings in autistic youth: A latent profile transition analysis.Autism : the international journal of research and practiceMost autistic teens stay in low-participation groups at school and in the community from early to middle adolescence. Only 8% are active across all settings. Environmental supportiveness predicted participation more strongly than income or IQ, suggesting barriers matter more than ability.
• PTPilot2023Combining spinal neuromodulation and activity based neurorehabilitation therapy improves sensorimotor function in cerebral palsy.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesSix children with cerebral palsy showed greater motor function gains after eight weeks of spinal neuromodulation combined with therapy than after sham neuromodulation with therapy. Gains persisted ten weeks later. This tiny study cannot separate the device's contribution from the activity-based therapy.
• PTOTSLPNarrative Review2023The role of lung volume recruitment therapy in neuromuscular disease: a narrative review.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesLung volume recruitment reliably increases cough strength and lung inflation during the manoeuvre, but recent randomised trials show no long-term benefit on lung function or quality of life. It is not proven to prevent infections or slow disease decline.
• PTCohort2023Measuring the Average Peak Timing of Kinematic Variables in Youth and Adolescent Baseball Pitchers.International journal of sports physical therapyYouth pitchers peaked in key throwing movements about 10% earlier in their delivery than adults. They also used shorter strides, which may explain the timing difference. These biomechanical differences could increase injury risk in developing arms.
• PTOTPilot2023Reliability, Validity and Minimal Detectable Change of a Power Leg Press Test in Individuals with Cerebral Palsy.Physical & occupational therapy in pediatricsA modified leg press test reliably measures leg power in children and adults with cerebral palsy. To detect true change, average peak power must improve by more than 10.7% in adults or 19% in children. This test takes 15 minutes and costs about $6,500.
• PTOTSLPCase Report2023Anodal Contralesional tDCS Enhances CST Excitability Bilaterally in an Adolescent with Hemiparetic Cerebral Palsy: A Brief Report.Developmental neurorehabilitationIn one adolescent with cerebral palsy, anodal tDCS to the contralesional hemisphere increased corticospinal tract excitability bilaterally for 30 minutes. This neurophysiologic change was not seen with sham stimulation. Clinical motor outcomes were not measured.
• PTSLPCohort2023Early detection of developmental delay in infants born very preterm or with very low birthweight.Developmental medicine and child neurologyFidgety movements at 16 weeks corrected age that were not continuous, plus abnormal writhing movements at 4 to 5 weeks corrected age, flagged later motor and cognitive delay at 24 months in very preterm infants; no assessment flagged language delay.
• PTOTSLPOther2023Development of expert consensus to guide physical rehabilitation in children and adolescents with acquired brain injury during the subacute phase.Journal of rehabilitation medicineExperts agreed physical rehab for children with brain injury must be family-centred and participation-focused, but could not agree on optimal dose. They set 'following simple commands' as the minimum cognitive bar for active participation, while leaving specific frequency and intensity decisions to clinical judgment.
• PTOTSLPCohort2023Lifetime Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in Adolescents with Unexplained Weight Loss, Underweight, or Poor Appetite.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBPAdolescents presenting with unexplained weight loss, underweight, or poor appetite had a 69.6% lifetime prevalence of any psychiatric disorder and a 21.3% prevalence of eating disorders. These symptoms should trigger comprehensive mental health screening and close follow-up, not just nutritional intervention.
• PTOther2023The FreeD module's lateral translation timing in the gait robot Lokomat: a manual adaptation is necessary.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationDefault settings on the Lokomat FreeD module shift weight to the stance leg too early in the gait cycle. Manually delaying the timing by about 5% moves this weight shift closer to the pattern seen in normal overground walking.
• PTOTSLPCohort2023Genetic and environmental contributions to co-occurring physical health conditions in autism spectrum condition and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Molecular autismChildren with autism or ADHD, even at subclinical levels, have higher odds of epilepsy, asthma and gut problems. Twin data show shared genetic factors drive most of these links. This suggests screening for physical health issues is warranted across the neurodevelopmental spectrum.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2023Family Perspectives on In-Home Multimodal Longitudinal Data Collection for Children Who Function Across the Developmental Spectrum.Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBPFamilies want in-home data collection to be flexible, pausable during medical crises, and to include siblings. They value receiving their own data to understand their child's invisible symptoms. This feedback shapes how to design accessible research for complex needs.
• PTOther2023Effects of kinesio taping on static balance performance and muscle activity in children with developmental coordination disorder: a single-group pretest-posttest study.Journal of rehabilitation medicineKinesio tape applied to lower leg muscles briefly reduced sway when children with developmental coordination disorder stood on a single leg with eyes closed, but not when they stood on both legs. It increased activity only in the taped muscle.
• PTOTSLPOther2023Psychometric properties of inhibitory control measures among youth with Down syndrome.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDRMost computerised inhibitory control tests failed feasibility criteria for youth with Down syndrome, but parent and teacher rating scales were reliable. Analogue tasks with manipulatives worked better than screens. For clinical use, rely on the BRIEF2 or simple physical tasks like the Statue test.
• PTOther2023Assessment of knee flexion in young children with prosthetic knee components using dynamic time warping.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesNo clear difference was found between prosthetic and typical knee curves in the main comparison. Timing mismatch was greater in stance than swing, so comparing whole curves may reveal differences that peak flexion misses.
• PTOTSLPCohort2023Characterizing the autism spectrum phenotype in DYRK1A-related syndrome.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchChildren with DYRK1A syndrome showed social communication deficits similar to other children with autism and intellectual disability, but parents reported more severe nonverbal issues. They displayed fewer rigid routine behaviors and more repetitive sensory motor movements than children with idiopathic autism.
• PTOTSLPCohort2023The prevalence and developmental course of auditory processing differences in autistic children.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchAuditory filtering difficulties are common in autistic children and remain stable from age 3 to 9. Children with more reported auditory difficulties at age 3 showed more agitation, hyperactivity, and lower adaptive skills at age 9, independent of their cognitive ability.
• PTSurvey2023Clinician-led mental health conversations significantly associated with outcomes for scoliosis patients.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicineScoliosis patients wanted mental health conversations more often than they reported having them. Patients who wanted these conversations had lower function, mental health, and brace-comfort scores. Patients who discussed mental health with physical therapists reported higher self-image and overall scoliosis outcome scores.
• PTOTSystematic Review2023The impact of pregnancy on women with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a scoping review.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicinePregnancy does not cause average curve progression in treated adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, but some women progress regardless. Back pain is common but rarely severe. Surgical patients face higher caesarean rates and difficult epidurals, though analgesia is usually eventually achieved.
• PTOTSLPCohort2023Cecostomy tubes improve bowel continence for pediatric patients with spina bifida: A retrospective analysis of outcomes from a single clinic.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicineChildren with spina bifida who had cecostomy tubes reported bowel continence one step better on a five-point scale. This means moving from daily to weekly accidents, or weekly to monthly. The tubes were used alongside other management strategies, so the exact contribution of the tube alone is unclear.
• PTOTSLPCohort2023Visuospatial perspective taking in people with Down syndrome.Research in developmental disabilitiesPeople with Down syndrome matched typically developing children on visuospatial perspective taking when tested with a verbal task, but both groups struggled with a picture-choice task. Assessment methods significantly alter observed ability, so choose tasks that reduce cognitive conflict.
• PTOTPilot2023Feasibility of temperature monitoring smart socks in adolescents and young adults with spina bifida.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicineHalf of the adolescents who tried continuous temperature monitoring socks never wore them. Of the seventeen who did, nine found them comfortable and easy to put on. The socks measured foot temperature reliably, but the study was too short and small to detect any pressure injuries.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2023Feasibility and Acceptability of a Codesigned Health Care Transition Intervention for Young People With Spinal Cord Injuries.Topics in spinal cord injury rehabilitationYoung people with spinal cord injury and clinicians found a new transition website easy to use and helpful for preparing for adult care. They said it works best when a therapist introduces it in clinic, rather than expecting families to find it alone.
• PTOTPilot2023Parent/caregiver's role in nutrition, physical activity, and food access among children diagnosed with spina bifida.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicineFamilies with spina bifida who reported poorer eating and activity habits had children with higher BMI scores. Most caregivers had average nutrition knowledge, but food security was rarely an issue.
• PTOTOther2023Investigating Subtypes of Motor Skills and Activities of Daily Living among Young Children with Motor Delay.Occupational therapy internationalChildren with motor delay fell into three groups based on fine and gross motor skills. The group with poor skills in both areas dressed significantly worse than the group with relatively good motor function. No differences appeared in eating or toileting, suggesting daily activity assessments may miss quality issues.
• PTOther2023Altered sagittal plane mechanics is associated with Functional Movement Screen deep squat score.The South African journal of physiotherapyIn teenage cricket bowlers, FMS deep squat scores tracked how upright the torso was during movement capture. Heel position, knee and hip bend, femur angle and dowel overhead did not separate scores, so a low score does not identify a specific joint problem.
• PTPilot2023Medial Gastrocnemius Muscle Properties of Children With Cerebral Palsy After Different Tone Treatments: A Pilot Study.American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitationChildren with cerebral palsy had different gastrocnemius biopsy features after botulinum toxin, selective dorsal rhizotomy, or minimal tone treatment. With one participant per group, the study cannot show what each treatment did to muscle.
• PTCohort2023Motor function outcomes in children with open prenatal repair of Spina Bifida Aperta at 36-month follow-up: The Zurich cohort.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicineAt 36 months, 86% of children after prenatal spina bifida repair were walking, but most needed orthotics or assistive devices. Walking was delayed, and children with lower motor function levels walked more often.
• PTOTSLPCohort2023Utilization and Cost of Outpatient Rehabilitation Services for Pediatric Patients Treated for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Using a Commercial Claims Database.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationOutpatient PT and OT use in pediatric ALL rose to 54% by 2013-2017, and first visits came earlier, but SLP use stayed low. Access was uneven, with patients outside the Midwest less likely to receive rehab.
• PTOTSLPOther2023Using Billing Codes to Create a Pediatric Functional Status e-Score for Children Receiving Inpatient Rehabilitation.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationMost of the top billing codes ranked by their relationship to discharge WeeFIM mobility, self-care, and cognition/communication scores were also chosen by expert clinicians. This is a first-step score model, not a validated clinical tool.
• PTOTCase Report2024A big data approach to evaluate receipt of optimal care in childhood cerebral palsy.Disability and rehabilitationA new scoring method measured how closely two children's cerebral palsy care matched best-practice guidelines. Both children had low adjusted scores, primarily because they did not see physical, occupational, and rehabilitation specialists together in most years.
• PTOTSLPOther2023Development and validation of the MAnchester Needs Tool for Injured Children (MANTIC).Clinical rehabilitationThe MANTIC questionnaire helps injured children and their families identify specific rehabilitation needs like pain, education and equipment. It correlates with quality of life and is free to use, though it flags needs without saying if they are met.
• PTOTCohort2023The association between sleep and physical activity with persisting postconcussion symptoms among adolescent athletes.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationAdolescent athletes who exercised more frequently in the first two weeks after a concussion were less likely to develop persisting symptoms. Objective tracking showed that the number of exercise sessions mattered more than total daily steps or sleep duration.
• PTPilot2023Improving Trunk Postural Control Facilitates Walking in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study.American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitationChildren with cerebral palsy walked with longer steps and higher leg lifts when wearing a belt that supported both their upper and lower trunk during treadmill walking. This acute support also increased muscle activity in the weaker leg, suggesting trunk stability helps leg swing.
• PTPilot2024Comparative Study of the Pain, Function, and Biomarkers of Joint Disease in the Transition to Adulthood in Individuals With and Without Cerebral Palsy.American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitationAdolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy had more hip and knee pain, poorer function, and higher serum MMP-1 than peers without CP. COMP and MMP-3 did not differ.
• PTOTSLPOther2024A Descriptive Analysis of Access to Assistive Technology in Children With Acquired Brain Injury: The Right to Assistive Devices.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationOnly 55% of prescribed assistive devices reached patients, with an average delay of 69.4 days. Insurance barriers caused most non-deliveries. Clinicians should anticipate significant delays and actively track device status rather than assuming prescriptions are fulfilled.
• PTCohort2024Head Control Contributes to Prediction of Emergence From the Minimally Conscious State in Children Admitted to Inpatient Rehabilitation.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationIn children in inpatient rehabilitation after brain injury, any independent head control at admission helped identify those likely to emerge from a minimally conscious state. Its absence did not rule out emergence, and trunk control did not predict emergence.
• PTOTSLPCohort2024Trajectories of Daily Postconcussion Symptoms in Children.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationChildren with moderate or high acute concussion symptoms often had persistent symptoms at 45 days. Specific early symptoms like headache, balance problems, and fogginess predicted slower recovery. Daily symptom monitoring may help identify children needing early rehabilitation referrals.
• PTOTQualitative2024Supportive mobility devices across the lifespan in Cerebral Palsy: a modified Delphi study to establish stakeholder research priorities.Disability and rehabilitation. Assistive technologyNine US stakeholders with cerebral palsy, families, and clinicians ranked research priorities for mobility devices. They prioritized trial equipment access, provider training, and shared decision-making. These themes guide future study design, not current clinical practice.
• PTOTSLPOther2024Safety of botulinum toxin injections in children less than one year old: A retrospective chart review.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicineIn 47 infants treated with botulinum toxin, only two reported adverse events. One had transient fever and vomiting, and one had mild weakness. No significant systemic issues occurred at doses below 16 U/kg, suggesting the treatment may be safer than feared in this age group.
• PTOTRCT2023Effectiveness of the home-based training program Tele-UPCAT (Tele-monitored UPper Limb Children Action Observation Training) in unilateral cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicineChildren with unilateral cerebral palsy who did a 3-week home action observation program had greater improvement in hand use than children receiving usual care, and the improvement was retained at later follow-up.