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Orthopaedic research

Everything we have read on orthopaedic. Each paper is summarised from the full article rather than its abstract, so the limitations are in there too, and the funding wherever the paper declares it.

2,015 PAPERS · PAGE 8 OF 41 · NEWEST FIRST

• PTSurvey2018Preoperative education in hip and knee arthroplasty patients in Bloemfontein.The South African journal of physiotherapyAll 14 hip and 35 of 36 knee replacement patients said surgeons gave their preoperative education; 8 hip and 9 knee said a physiotherapist did. Many had no preoperative exercise teaching or home safety advice.
• PTNarrative Review2018Towards an integrated clinical framework for patient with shoulder pain.Archives of physiotherapy
• PTPilot2018Comparing the effects of mechanical perturbation training with a compliant surface and manual perturbation training on joints kinematics after ACL-rupture.Gait & postureAfter 10 sessions, manual perturbation increased knee bend during walking, while mechanical compliant-surface training tended to reduce it. The study measured walking angles only, not long-term joint health, in a very small group.
• PTPilot2018Physiotherapy Questionnaires App to Deliver Main Musculoskeletal Assessment Questionnaires: Development and Validation Study.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologiesFor two ankle questionnaires, app scores matched paper scores closely, with no significant score differences. Completion time varied: paper was faster for FAOS, while the app was faster for AOFAS.
• PTRCT2018Locomotor training using an overground robotic exoskeleton in long-term manual wheelchair users with a chronic spinal cord injury living in the community: Lessons learned from a feasibility study in terms of recruitment, attendance, learnability, performance and safety.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationWith therapist supervision and a walker or crutches, a six-week exoskeleton program for long-term wheelchair users with spinal cord injury had 97.9% attendance, increased walking speed from 0.15 to 0.25 m/s, and one serious fracture occurred.
• PTSurvey2018Awareness of ergonomics & work-related musculoskeletal disorders among dental professionals and students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Journal of physical therapy scienceLower back pain was common among surveyed dental professionals and students. Many said ergonomics was useful, but fewer reported applying it in practice.
• PTOTCohort2018Rehabilitation Utilization for Falls Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in the United States in the National Health and Aging Trends Study.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationRecurrent falls strongly predict receiving fall-related rehabilitation, but lower education and Hispanic ethnicity reduce access even after accounting for falls. Therapists should not assume clinical need alone drives referrals, as demographic barriers persist.
• PTSurvey2018Gender and posture are significant risk factors to musculoskeletal symptoms during touchscreen tablet computer use.Journal of physical therapy scienceAmong tablet owners surveyed, 67.9% reported neck or shoulder symptoms while using the device. Women and people sitting without back support were linked to greater likelihood.
• PTOther2018Effects of trunk stabilization exercise on the local muscle activity and balance ability of normal subjects.Journal of physical therapy scienceTrunk stabilization exercise improved balance scores and activity of two trunk muscles more than sitting pelvic tilting in 40 healthy young adults. The short program used three exercises for four weeks. It does not show benefit in patients.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2018Preferences for Web-Based Information Material for Low Back Pain: Qualitative Interview Study on People Consulting a General Practitioner.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologiesPatients with low back pain want web apps that are simple to navigate, use plain language, and show exercises via video. They distrust sites with ads or confusing jargon. They prefer apps recommended by their GP, which saves them time searching online.
• PTCase Series2018How does patellar tendon advancement alter the knee extensor mechanism in children treated for crouch gait?Gait & postureAfter distal femoral extension osteotomy plus patellar tendon advancement, and with other surgeries not excluded, 54 met the improved criteria. Patellar tendon moment arms rose 13%. Patellar tendon advancement alone cannot be credited.
• PTOther2018The relationship between isokinetic strength and functional performance tests in patients with knee osteoarthritis.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn 40 knee osteoarthritis patients, worse 12-stair and 30-second chair stand scores were linked with lower thigh muscle strength. If specialised strength testing is unavailable, poor performance on these tests may prompt quadriceps and hamstring strengthening, but this is an association, not proof.
• PTRCT2018Predictive Validity of the STarT Back Tool for Risk of Persistent Disabling Back Pain in a U.S. Primary Care Setting.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationThe STarT Back tool sorted U.S. primary care back pain patients into low, medium and high risk groups that predicted persistent disabling back pain at 6 months: 22%, 62% and 80% had it.
• PTOther2018The reliability of postural control method in athletes with and without ACL reconstruction: a transitional task.Journal of physical therapy scienceForce plate measurements of weight-shifting balance tasks are reliable for both ACL-reconstructed athletes and healthy controls. Clinicians can trust these dynamic balance tests to track rehabilitation progress, as scores remained consistent between test and retest sessions.
• PTOTOther2018The influence of high heeled shoes on balance ability and walking in healthy women.Journal of physical therapy scienceHigher heels worsened balance and walking in healthy young women. At 9 cm, balance time rose to 37.6 s and index fell to 45.6/100, while step length shortened to 51.3 cm. This applies only to healthy adults, not patients with existing deficits.
• PTCase Report2018Effects of lengthwise postural taping for lumbar spine rotation with flexion syndrome: a case report.Journal of physical therapy scienceLengthwise tape on the lower back and pelvis showed the greatest decrease in sitting force pattern after 20 minutes in a young woman with low back pain during sitting. This was a single-case pressure measure, not proof the tape reduces pain.
• PTCase Report2018Effects of scrambler therapy on pain and depression of patients with chronic low back pain: case study.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn a single man with chronic low back pain, pain and depression scores were lower after 10 days of scrambler therapy. This describes one person's response, not proof that the treatment works.
• PTOther2018Exercise Therapy Interventions in Patients With Hip Osteoarthritis: Comparison of the Effects of DVD and Website-Based Interventions.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologiesNeither DVD nor website delivery of a home hip osteoarthritis exercise program clearly improved pain, hip function, quality of life, or self-efficacy, and the methods were similar.
• PTOTRCT2018Ergonomic behaviour of learners in a digitally driven school environment: Modification using an ergonomic intervention programme.The South African journal of physiotherapyA single 45-minute school session on posture, bag weight, and stretches, reinforced by stickers and web links, improved computer posture in adolescents over six months. The intervention group had no learners in the highest risk postural category at follow-up, unlike the control group.
• PTSurvey2017Knowledge, attitudes and beliefs on contributing factors among low back pain patients attending outpatient physiotherapy treatment in Malawi.The South African journal of physiotherapyMost Malawian low back pain patients attending physiotherapy had negative beliefs: 93% feared movement and 66.8% held negative attitudes. Only 8.8% answered all knowledge questions correctly, so ask what patients believe and explain contributing factors.
• PTOTSystematic Review2017Effectiveness of edema management techniques for subacute hand edema: A systematic review.Journal of hand therapy : official journal of the American Society of Hand TherapistsFor subacute hand edema after trauma, surgery, or stroke, evidence is low to moderate and mixed. Adding manual edema mobilization to elevation, exercise, and compression may help troublesome swelling, but no particular technique is proven.
• PTOTSurvey2017Examination of the PROMIS upper extremity item bank.Journal of hand therapy : official journal of the American Society of Hand TherapistsThe PROMIS UE CAT worked well in orthopaedic patients with upper extremity problems, but most items targeted lower function and missed higher function. Use caution when your patient may have higher upper extremity ability.
• PTOther2018Mechanical lower back pain and sacroiliac joint dysfunction in golfers at two golf clubs in Durban, South Africa.The South African journal of physiotherapyIn 271 amateur golfers, 123 reported recent mechanical lower back pain and 62 had sacroiliac joint dysfunction on screening; 60 had both, and the two problems often occurred together. Consider checking the joint, but this is not proof that treating it relieves pain.
• PTPilot2018Exercise loading for cardiopulmonary assessment and evaluation of endurance in amputee football players.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn 8 amputee football players, two-armed peak work rate was significantly higher than in healthy men, while peak heart rate, peak oxygen uptake and peak ventilation were not significantly different. In healthy participants, two-armed peak work rate was significantly higher than one-legged peak work rate.
• PTOther2018Estimation of knee joint reaction force based on the plantar flexion resistance of an ankle-foot orthosis during gait.Journal of physical therapy scienceAn ankle-foot orthosis that resists downward foot movement increased estimated early-stance knee loading in 10 healthy men compared with no orthosis, and the stiffer setting also increased knee bending.
• PTOther2018Tape measure-based real-time feedback during the abdominal draw-in maneuver facilitates isolated transverse abdominal contraction.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn healthy men, wrapping a tape measure around the waist while drawing the lower abdomen in increased transverse abdominal muscle thickness more than doing the maneuver without feedback. The oblique muscles did not change, so this tested muscle thickness, not pain or function.
• PTCase Report2018Non-operative correction of flat back syndrome using lumbar extension traction: a CBP® case series of two.Journal of physical therapy scienceTwo men with chronic low back pain and flexible flat back reported pain as 1/10 after 100 and 70 treatments. Lumbar manipulation and extension traction were given together, so neither can be credited alone.
• PTCase-Control2018Altered postural sway during quiet standing in women with clinical lumbar instability.Journal of physical therapy scienceWomen with clinical lumbar instability swayed more during a quiet eyes-closed standing test. They moved farther, faster, and over a larger area than healthy women.
• PTOTOther2018An evaluation of the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of OccuPro's functional capacity evaluation.Work (Reading, Mass.)Trained examiners showed moderate to excellent agreement on OccuPro FCE subtests. Pinch agreement was moderate in injured upper-extremity patients, and material-handling agreement between different examiners was moderate to good in healthy students.
• PTOTCase Report2018Physical therapy in patients over 60 years of age with a massive and irreparable rotator cuff tear: a case series.Journal of physical therapy sciencePatients over 60 with massive, irreparable rotator cuff tears improved significantly after 12 weeks of physical therapy. Shoulder function scores rose by 24.9 points and pain dropped by 3.6 points. However, without a control group, these gains cannot be attributed solely to the treatment.
• PTSurvey2018A comparative survey of Nigerian physiotherapists' familiarity with, knowledge of and utilisation of standard outcome measures: 10 years after initial survey.The South African journal of physiotherapyNigerian physiotherapists' familiarity, knowledge and use of standard outcome measures improved from 2006 to 2016, but for most measures, 63.4% to 97.3% of physiotherapists still did not use them.
• PTOther2018Validation of wearable visual feedback for retraining foot progression angle using inertial sensors and an augmented reality headset.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationA wearable system using inertial sensors and an augmented reality headset tracked foot angle with accuracy matching a laboratory setup. It provided visual feedback that helped healthy adults hit target angles at a similar rate to the lab system, offering a cheaper, portable alternative for gait retraining.
• PTOTCohort2017Factors Affecting Mortality and Hospital Admissions after Hip Surgery among Elderly Patients with Hip Fracture in Hong Kong - Review of a Three-Year Follow-Up.Hong Kong journal of occupational therapy : HKJOTThree years after hip fracture surgery, 33.4% of these older patients had died and 71.7% had been readmitted. Male patients, delayed surgery, low albumin, cognitive impairment, and assisted walking or low discharge independence flagged higher risk.
• PTOther2018Development and validation of a modified performance-oriented mobility assessment tool for assessing mobility in children with hypophosphatasia.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicineThe modified POMA-G is a reliable and valid tool for assessing gait impairment in children with hypophosphatasia aged 5 to 15. It scores step length, symmetry, continuity, trunk sway, and stance from video, showing strong agreement between raters and correlation with functional measures.
• PTRCT2018Symptoms-modifying effects of electromotive administration of glucosamine sulphate among patients with knee osteoarthritis.Hong Kong physiotherapy journal : official publication of the Hong Kong Physiotherapy Association Limited = Wu li chih liaoIn knee OA, glucosamine cream applied by massage, iontophoresis, or both produced different 12-week joint-space changes, but groups differed at baseline. Pain ratings fell in all groups, so this does not show one approach is clearly better.
• PTRCT2018Effect of muscle energy technique with and without strain-counterstrain technique in acute low back pain - A randomized clinical trial.Hong Kong physiotherapy journal : official publication of the Hong Kong Physiotherapy Association Limited = Wu li chih liaoAdding strain-counterstrain to muscle energy technique did not improve pain, disability or lumbar motion more than muscle energy technique alone after the second session. Both groups improved, but there was no significant difference between them.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2018Dynamics of an orthopaedic team: Insights to improve teamwork through a design thinking approach.Work (Reading, Mass.)Staff in one orthopaedic unit described fragmented handovers, hierarchy hindering nurse input, and stress from ward mergers. They suggested shared screens and empathy-building shadowing. These are proposed ideas, not tested interventions, so do not change practice based on this alone.
• PTOTPilot2018Pain and health status in adults with myelomeningocele living in Sweden.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicineMost adults with myelomeningocele in this Swedish pilot reported pain, and women were more likely than men to say it interfered with work. Women and older participants rated their current health lower. Many needed follow-up referrals.
• PTRCT2018Effect of exercise therapy combined with branched-chain amino acid supplementation on muscle strengthening in persons with osteoarthritis.Hong Kong physiotherapy journal : official publication of the Hong Kong Physiotherapy Association Limited = Wu li chih liaoAdding branched-chain amino acids to unsupervised home exercises did not significantly improve hip muscle strength or walking speed compared to a placebo. However, the amino acid group showed significantly greater strength improvement in the non-operated leg, suggesting a potential benefit for the healthy side.
• PTQualitative2019Interpreting intracorporeal landscapes: how patients visualize pathophysiology and utilize medical images in their understanding of chronic musculoskeletal illness.Disability and rehabilitationPeople with long-term joint pain often pictured what they thought was happening inside their bodies. Some said images or knee models helped them understand their pain and what to do; others found doctors' explanations did not match their sensations.
• PTOTNarrative Review2018Evaluation of Performance-Based Outcome Measures for the Upper Limb: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationMost upper-limb performance tests used for amputees and stroke patients assess one-hand tasks in front of the body, rely on subjective judgments, and rarely capture sensation or movement quality. Few cover all movement zones or two-handed daily use.
• PTCase Report2019Motor skill training in musculoskeletal pain: a case report in chronic low back pain.Disability and rehabilitationA man with chronic low back pain reported less pain, less medication use, and met sitting, standing, and bed mobility goals after six motor skill training visits over 12 weeks. This describes his experience, not proof that the training works.
• PTOTCohort2018Epidemiology of hip fracture in nursing home residents with multiple sclerosis.Disability and health journalNursing home residents with multiple sclerosis had lower hip fracture rates than matched residents without MS, except in residents requiring extensive or total transfer assistance. Within MS, wandering, low BMI, antidepressants and opioids were linked to higher fracture risk.
• PTCase-Control2018Energy Impairments in Older Adults With Low Back Pain and Radiculopathy: A Matched Case-Control Study.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationOlder adults with chronic low back pain radiating to or below the knee used more oxygen per meter walking at their own pace and walked slower than matched pain-free peers. Their peak walking oxygen was lower, but that result depended on removing an outlier.
• PTRCT2018Effect of Wheelchair Stroke Pattern on Upper Extremity Muscle Fatigue.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationIn 18 AB men, 10 minutes of wheelchair propulsion with either the SC or P stroke produced no clear difference in arm strength after propulsion or perceived effort. A possible link between shorter distal upper extremity length and less shoulder fatigue needs future testing.
• PTNarrative Review2018Sex Differences in Common Sports Injuries.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationFemale athletes have higher reported risk for bone stress, ACL, and concussion, with different recovery patterns. Therapists should target movement, strength, and energy availability, but sex alone should not dictate treatment.
• PTOTRCT2019Effect of Reassuring Information About Musculoskeletal and Mental Health Complaints at the Workplace: A Cluster Randomized Trial of the atWork Intervention.Journal of occupational rehabilitationThe modified atWork programme (manager sessions, mental-health and back-pain employee sessions, one review session) did not reduce sick leave more than the original programme (back-pain employee sessions and peer support). Sick leave showed no significant difference between groups, and most other outcomes were similar.
• PTOTCohort2018Validation of the Work-Disability Physical Functional Assessment Battery.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationThe Work-Disability Physical Functional Assessment Battery (WD-FAB) showed moderate validity against a physical work performance evaluation, but patients reported higher function than their therapists. The test worked best for upper body function and was less reliable for mobility and position tolerance in this high-functioning sample.
• PTOTCohort2019Functional Capacity Evaluation in Different Societal Contexts: Results of a Multicountry Study.Journal of occupational rehabilitationFunctional capacity test scores in patients with musculoskeletal pain were consistently linked to height, reported pain, and the specific clinician and country conducting the test. These contextual factors must be considered when interpreting results for return-to-work decisions.
• PTOther2018A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing Treatment Preference of People With Chronic Low Back Pain.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationMost patients with chronic low back pain preferred strength and flexibility exercises over motor skill training. Those who preferred strength work rated it higher on all attributes. Motor skill training preference was not linked to higher ratings of its specific features.