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Orthopaedic research

Everything we have read on orthopaedic. Each paper is summarised from the full article rather than its abstract, so the limitations are in there too, and the funding wherever the paper declares it.

2,015 PAPERS · PAGE 9 OF 41 · NEWEST FIRST

• PTRCT2018Evaluation of the Combined Application of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation and Volitional Contractions on Thigh Muscle Strength, Knee Pain, and Physical Performance in Women at Risk for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationCombined electrical stimulation, volitional contractions, and arm exercises did not improve knee extensor strength more than low-load resistance training in women at risk for knee OA. Both groups reported less knee pain and faster walking, but the two groups did not differ.
• PTCohort2019Pregnancy Results in Lasting Changes in Knee Joint Laxity.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationPregnant women measured in first trimester and about 5 months postpartum had lasting knee changes, but not the expected increase. Side-to-side and posterior laxity decreased; anterior laxity increased in first-time mothers. The changes were small, and no knee arthritis outcome was measured.
• PTRCT2019The Development and Content of the Vocational Advice Intervention and Training Package for the Study of Work and Pain (SWAP) Trial (ISRCTN 52269669).Journal of occupational rehabilitationFor people with musculoskeletal pain who are off work or struggling at work, a primary care vocational advice service was designed to begin with a phone call, identify obstacles using psychosocial flags, and agree a return-to-work plan.
• PTOTRCT2019Effects of geriatric interdisciplinary home rehabilitation on complications and readmissions after hip fracture: a randomized controlled trial.Clinical rehabilitationOlder adults with hip fracture who received conventional geriatric care plus home rehabilitation had similar complications and readmissions as those who received conventional geriatric care. Adding home rehabilitation did not reduce complications, readmissions, or days in hospital after discharge.
• PTCase Report2019Use of trunk muscle training and neuromuscular electrical stimulation to reduce pain and disability in an older adult with chronic low back pain: A case report.Physiotherapy theory and practiceOne 83-year-old woman with chronic low back pain had less pain and better performance after 12 weeks of trunk muscle training, electrical stimulation, home exercise, and twice-weekly physical therapy. As a single case, it cannot show that this package works.
• PTNarrative Review2019Analysis of Motor Control in Patients With Low Back Pain: A Key to Personalized Care?The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapySubgrouping low back pain by motor control is plausible, and existing clinical systems can classify patients reliably, but evidence that matched treatment improves outcomes is mixed, so it is not yet a tested basis for personalized care.
• PTPilot2018Brain-Behavior Mechanisms for the Transfer of Neuromuscular Training Adaptions to Simulated Sport: Initial Findings From the Train the Brain Project.Journal of sport rehabilitationIn four female soccer players, brain activity changes during knee tasks were closely associated with lower-risk landing movements in virtual soccer after six weeks of visual-feedback neuromuscular training. This is an initial link, not proof the training prevents injury.
• PTOther2018Contributors to knee loading deficits during gait in individuals following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.Gait & postureAfter ACL reconstruction, the surgical knee showed smaller knee extensor moments during walking. Smaller braking forces and less knee flexion were related to the asymmetry. No gait intervention was tested.
• PTOTNarrative Review2019Motor Control Changes in Low Back Pain: Divergence in Presentations and Mechanisms.The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapyPeople with low back pain do not all move the same way. Some stiffen their trunk to protect themselves, which raises tissue load. Others lose control and move more loosely. Treating everyone with the same exercise ignores these two distinct problems.
• PTOTOther2018Motor Impairment-Related Alterations in Biceps and Triceps Brachii Fascicle Lengths in Chronic Hemiparetic Stroke.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairIn 11 people with chronic stroke, biceps and triceps muscle bundles in the paretic arm were shorter than the other arm at rest. More severe arm impairment was linked to greater relative shortening of the biceps than the triceps.
• PTOther2018Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport Is Associated With Knee Kinematic Asymmetry During Gait Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapyAthletes with lower psychological readiness to return to sport walked with greater knee flexion asymmetry. This cross-sectional analysis cannot show that readiness caused the gait difference.
• PTOther2018Novel method for evaluation of frontal plane knee alignment using bony prominences in patients with osteoarthritis.Journal of physical therapy scienceA photo-based knee alignment check using markers on bony points matched full-leg X-ray angles closely in people with knee osteoarthritis, and two non-medical examiners could repeat it reliably.
• PTOther2018Effectiveness of home-based physiotherapy on pain and disability in participants with osteoarthritis of knee: an observational study.Journal of physical therapy sciencePain and disability scores improved after home-based physiotherapy combining TENS, ultrasound, exercise, and manual therapy in 139 adults with knee osteoarthritis. With no comparison group, the study cannot show these components caused improvement.
• PTCase Report2018Correction of pseudoscoliosis (lateral thoracic translation posture) for the treatment of low back pain: a CBP® case report.Journal of physical therapy scienceA 29-year-old woman with low back pain reported pain dropping from 4/10 to 2/10 after 36 sessions of spinal manipulation and mirror-image traction. This is a single case report, so it cannot prove the treatment works for other patients.
• PTCase Report2018Long-term sustained effect of gait training using a hybrid assistive limb on gait stability via prevention of knee collapse in a patient with cerebral palsy: a case report.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn one adolescent with cerebral palsy, 12 hybrid assistive limb sessions plus conventional physical therapy were followed by less knee collapse at 8 months, while gross motor function classification level stayed III. This describes one person, not proof the robot caused change.
• PTOther2018Economic benefits of microprocessor controlled prosthetic knees: a modeling study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationMicroprocessor knees were modeled to be cost-effective and to cut major injurious falls by 79%, but total costs were higher and this is not trial evidence.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2018Physical Therapy Management of Congenital Muscular Torticollis: A 2018 Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline From the APTA Academy of Pediatric Physical Therapy.Pediatric physical therapy : the official publication of the Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy AssociationStart physical therapy within the first month of life for infants with congenital muscular torticollis. This guideline emphasizes that early intervention leads to faster resolution and reduces the need for surgery, while recommending a comprehensive approach that includes parent education and environmental adaptations.
• PTRCT2018Sensor-based postural feedback is more effective than conventional feedback to improve lumbopelvic movement control in patients with chronic low back pain: a randomised controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationSensor-based avatar feedback during one lumbopelvic movement control session produced larger immediate lumbar and hip movement control gains than mirror or no feedback in adults with chronic low back pain and healthy adults. Long-term effects were not tested.
• PTNarrative Review2018Wearable Movement Sensors for Rehabilitation: A Focused Review of Technological and Clinical Advances.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationWearable movement sensors can track gait and activity outside clinics, but their clinical use is uneven and many devices lack validation. Check the specific sensor before relying on it.
• PTRCT2019A Stimulus-Response Framework to Investigate the Influence of Continuous Versus Interval Walking Exercise on Select Serum Biomarkers in Knee Osteoarthritis.American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitationIn 27 people with knee OA, 45 minutes of continuous treadmill walking raised a blood marker linked to cartilage turnover and increased pain, while the same walking split into three 15-minute bouts with 1-hour rests did not.
• PTOther2018A comparison of upper body and limb postures across technology and handheld device use in college students.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn 21 healthy college students, tablet use produced more forward head shift and neck flexion than laptop use and baseline posture. The reported finding is a posture measurement.
• PTOther2019Spinal segments do not move together predictably during daily activities.Gait & postureDuring walking, sit-to-stand, and lifting, adjacent spine segments did not move together in a predictable way in people with and without low back pain. Do not assume upper and lower spine regions act as one.
• PTSystematic Review2018Proposing a Patellar Tendinopathy Screening tool following a systematic review.The South African journal of physiotherapyMale sex, poor lower-limb flexibility and strength, and jumping-sport exposure were the key risk factors identified for patellar tendinopathy. The proposed screening tool is untested, so use it to guide assessment, not as validated evidence.
• PTOther2019Dynamic knee joint stiffness and contralateral knee joint loading during prolonged walking in patients with unilateral knee osteoarthritis.Gait & postureIn unilateral knee OA, the painful knee was stiffer during walking, and modelled knee joint forces rose after 30 and 45 minutes in both knees. The non-painful knee also had higher late-stance forces.
• PTCase Report2018Increasing the cervical and lumbar lordosis is possible despite overt osteoarthritis and spinal stenosis using extension traction to relieve low back and leg pain in a 66-year-old surgical candidate: a CBP® case report.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn a single surgical candidate with low back and leg pain, extension traction, manipulation and exercises coincided with less disability and increased cervical and lumbar lordosis. The combined treatment means no single part can be credited.
• PTOTOther2018Manual wheelchair downhill stability: an analysis of factors affecting tip probability.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationBump height, speed, and rear axle position drove downhill wheelchair tipping in simulations. Lowering the seat and reclining the backrest favoured rolling over or stopping, but recline increased backward tipping risk.
• PTOTPilot2018Assessment of a markerless motion analysis system for manual wheelchair application.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationA markerless motion capture system using consumer hardware and open-source software reliably tracked upper limb kinematics in 30 pediatric wheelchair users. It offers a low-cost, quick method for therapists to monitor propulsion patterns and joint range of motion outside specialized laboratories.
• PTRCT2018The effect of core stabilization exercise on lumbar joint position sense in patients with subacute non-specific low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn adults with subacute non-specific low back pain, supervised core stabilization exercise improved lumbar joint position sense at 7 weeks and 4-week follow-up, and reduced pain and disability more than ultrasound and heat. The trial had 38 participants.
• PTOther2018Impact of antagonistic muscle co-contraction on in vivo knee contact forces.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationIn 9 knee replacement patients, model changes linked to antagonist co-contraction increased predicted peak knee force by up to 1.70 bodyweight during stairs. Static alignment did not explain the wide variation, and muscle activation patterns changed the predicted force.
• PTOTSystematic Review2019Level of Evidence for Reliability, Validity, and Responsiveness of Physical Capacity Tasks Designed to Assess Functioning in Patients With Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review Using the COSMIN Standards.Physical therapyThe 5-repetition sit-to-stand is the only task with strong reliability and validity, but measurement error was too large to detect minimal important change. Other common tests like the 50-ft walk also had high reliability but failed measurement error standards.
• PTNarrative Review2019Myths and Facts of In-Office Regenerative Procedures for Tendinopathy.American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitationSome studies report pain reduction after prolotherapy or platelet-rich plasma injections in chronic tendinopathy, but protocols vary, some include local anaesthetic or exercise, and evidence is inconsistent. Cell therapies and ultrasonic tenotomy are less established. Discuss risks before referral.
• PTOther2019Clinical tests to determine femoral version category in people with chronic hip joint pain and asymptomatic controls.Musculoskeletal science & practicePassive hip rotation tests and Craig's test were related to MRI femoral version in adults with and without chronic hip pain. They may help screen for abnormal version when imaging is unavailable, but do not show that version causes pain.
• PTOther2018Objective measures of gait and balance in healthy non-falling adults as a function of age.Gait & postureOlder healthy non-falling adults showed more variable foot pressure and stride length while walking, age differences in stride length while texting, and wider steps during heel-to-toe walking.
• PTCohort2018Correlation among sarcopenia, malnutrition and activities of daily living in patients with vertebral compression fractures: a comparison based on admission and discharge parameters evaluating these conditions.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn 36 older patients with fractured vertebrae, sarcopenia was linked to lower daily living scores and worse walking at discharge. During hospitalization, weight and calf size fell, and more had sarcopenia or malnutrition.
• PTOther2018The relationships between compensatory stepping thresholds and measures of gait, standing postural control, strength, and balance confidence in older women.Gait & postureStrength, balance confidence, single-leg stance, and obstacle crossing were linked to older women's ability to recover with a step, but no single standard test captured it.
• PTCohort2019Functional performance and safety of bone-anchored prostheses in persons with a transfemoral or transtibial amputation: a prospective one-year follow-up cohort study.Clinical rehabilitation40 adults with socket-related amputation problems who had bone-anchored prosthesis implantation and rehabilitation reported better comfort, quality of life and daily walking distance over one year. Measured walking tests improved less clearly.
• PTOTCohort2019Falls resulting in health care among older people with intellectual disability in comparison with the general population.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDROlder people with intellectual disability had more fall-related health care contacts than matched peers, especially at institutions and during daily activities like eating or hygiene. They sustained more head, hip, and leg injuries, required longer hospital stays, and were readmitted more often.
• PTRCT2018Stochastic resonance stimulation improves balance in children with cerebral palsy: a case control study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationA very faint electrical noise at the ankles made standing steadier for children with cerebral palsy, but only when each child's best setting was found. It tested only quiet standing, not walking or daily function.
• PTOTCohort2019Weight loss changed gait kinematics in individuals with obesity and knee pain.Gait & postureWeight loss changed knee motion during walking, but the change was linked to weight loss, not pain relief. Patients lost an average of 10.4% of body weight. Greater weight loss predicted more kinematic change, yet pain reduction did not correlate with how the knee moved.
• PTOther2019Subtle alterations in whole body mechanics during gait following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.Gait & postureIn 20 people after ACL reconstruction, even when gait looked normal, the surgical limb showed reduced knee motion, lower knee extension moment, smaller backward ground reaction force, and slower forward body movement during early stance.
• PTOther2019Muscle Activity During Aquatic and Land Exercises in People With and Without Low Back Pain.Physical therapyIn 40 men, people with chronic low back pain activated trunk and gluteal muscles similarly to people without musculoskeletal disorders. Water and land exercises were mostly similar for muscle activity, though heart rate was higher on land and pain was reported more often on land.
• PTCohort2019Rate of torque development is the primary contributor to quadriceps avoidance gait following total knee arthroplasty.Gait & postureFast quadriceps force production was the common factor linked to knee flexion during walking after total knee replacement at 3 and 6 months. Knee flexion did not improve, and the study did not show that training it changes gait.
• PTOther2018Which factors are associated with the functional recovery in patients undergoing endoprosthetic knee reconstruction following bone tumour resection? - A observational study.Archives of physiotherapyAt one year after knee tumour prosthesis surgery, standing balance was linked to walking speed, walking endurance and getting up and going. This suggests physiotherapists may add balance work to gait training, but no treatment was tested.
• PTOther2019The Impact of Decreased Scapulothoracic Upward Rotation on Subacromial Proximities.The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapyDecreased scapulothoracic upward rotation shifted the closest space under the acromion to lower arm-raising angles, especially with the arm at the side. Contact and area of close contact did not differ between low and high upward rotation groups.
• PTOther2019Assessment of gait kinetics in post-menopausal women using tri-axial ankle accelerometers during barefoot walking.Gait & postureAnkle accelerometers during barefoot lab walking estimated foot-strike force in 70 post-menopausal women. Walking speed added little, and was not required.
• PTPilot2019Can action observation modulate balance performance in healthy subjects?Archives of physiotherapyIn healthy young adults, watching balance videos alone did not improve body sway more than doing nothing. Watching and imitating the videos, or doing balance exercises, reduced sway more than doing nothing.
• PTCohort2019Response to Conservative Treatment for Thumb Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis Is Associated With Conversion to Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study.Physical therapyIn 701 patients with thumb base osteoarthritis given an orthosis, hand therapy, and home exercises, better pain scores and greater pain improvement were linked to a lower chance of surgery over a mean 2.2 years. Function improvement did not show this link.
• PTOTNarrative Review2019Mobility related physical and functional losses due to aging and disease - a motivation for lower limb exoskeletons.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationAging and disease reduce lower limb strength, power, walking speed, endurance and daily steps, while falls rise. Exoskeletons are proposed to assist or train mobility, not shown to work.
• PTOTOther2019PROMIS Physical and Emotional Health Scores Are Worse in Musculoskeletal Patients Presenting to Physiatrists than to Other Orthopedic Specialists.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationPatients choosing physiatrists reported worse physical and emotional health than those seeing surgeons or other specialists. This holds true even after adjusting for age, sex, and race. Clinicians should expect higher baseline symptom burden and potential biopsychosocial complexity in this referral group.
• PTOTCohort2019Different improvement trends in gait function and quadriceps strength early after total knee arthroplasty.Journal of physical therapy scienceEarly after knee replacement, strength in the operated leg barely predicts walking speed, but strength in the opposite leg does. Pain also drives gait limits. Therapists should not assume operated-leg quad strength is the main bottleneck for early recovery.