TOPIC

Neurological research

Everything we have read on neurological. Each paper is summarised from the full article rather than its abstract, so the limitations are in there too, and the funding wherever the paper declares it.

3,875 PAPERS · PAGE 59 OF 78 · NEWEST FIRST

• PTSystematic Review2025Assessment of ambulation functions through kinematic analysis in individuals with stroke: a systematic review.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicineMany lower-limb motion metrics after stroke have been tested, but the evidence that they are consistent and meaningful is mostly moderate to low. Most studies looked at walking, so use these metrics cautiously in daily mobility decisions.
• PTOTSystematic Review2025Factors associated with upper extremity use after stroke: a scoping review of accelerometry studies.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationStroke survivors' daily arm use is driven mainly by severity and motor capacity, not age, sex, or time since stroke. Therapists should use wearable sensors to spot patients who have the ability to use their arm but do not, as clinical observation often misses this gap.
• PTOTPilot2024A Falls Prevention Program for People After Stroke in Guyana: An International Collaboration.Physical therapyIn Guyana, 19 people post-stroke who joined an 8-week home and clinic falls prevention program showed improved walking speed and sit-to-stand time. Most reported less fear of falling and continued the exercises at home. This is a small pilot study, so it shows feasibility and preliminary benefit, not proven efficacy.
• PTCase-Control2025Heteronymous feedback from quadriceps onto soleus in stroke survivors.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationIn stroke survivors, reflex feedback from the thigh to the calf muscle was no different from healthy controls when tested sitting. The study found no link between these reflexes and walking speed or balance, suggesting this specific mechanism does not explain common walking impairments.
• PTOTCohort2025Post-stroke Stiff-Knee gait: are there different types or different severity levels?Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationGait patterns in post-stroke stiff-knee gait cluster into three groups based on compensatory movements, not just knee angle. However, the differences reflect varying severity of impairment rather than distinct neurological subtypes. Clinicians should assess overall gait severity, not just knee flexion.
• PTOther2025Physiotherapy of the Trunk Related to Sitting Function After Stroke: A Delphi Study.Clinical rehabilitationExpert stroke physiotherapists agreed on sitting-focused task practice for subacute stroke. Midline orientation and foot loading were considered important. These are expert recommendations, not tested interventions.
• PTCohort2024Handrim kinetics and quantitative ultrasound parameters for assessment of subacromial impingement in wheelchair users with pediatric-onset spinal cord injury.Gait & postureIn 11 wheelchair users with pediatric-onset SCI, greater variability in propulsion force was linked to a thicker supraspinatus tendon, while higher force application effectiveness was linked to a thinner tendon. These relationships were inconsistent and did not establish a clear protective mechanism.
• PTOTOther2025Quantifying arm swing in Parkinson's disease: a method accounting for arm activities during free-living gait.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationA new sensor method filters out arm activities like holding objects to measure arm swing during daily walking. In people with Parkinson's, this filtering revealed significantly larger increases in arm swing range after medication compared to unfiltered data. This offers a more sensitive tool for tracking treatment response in real-world settings.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2025A review of concurrent sonified biofeedback in balance and gait training.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationMost studies testing sound-based balance feedback reported improvements, but many were small and short-term. Clinicians should view this as promising research rather than established practice, as evidence for long-term skill transfer is currently lacking.
• PTSurvey2024Influence of caregiver understanding of their capability to perform activities of daily living, disease comprehension, and attitudes on occupational low back pain: a cross-sectional study.Journal of physical therapy scienceCaregiver ratings of repositioning, stroke, rheumatoid arthritis, and residual-function use were linked to low back pain. The study cannot show that changing these factors prevents pain.
• PTOTCohort2025Predictive factors for functional and motor recovery following spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage.Journal of rehabilitation medicineEarly sitting ability predicted recovery after intracerebral haemorrhage. Patients unable to sit without physical assistance or maintain sitting for 2 minutes had poorer function, motor recovery and transfers. This does not prove that training sitting improves outcomes.
• PTOther2025Abnormal arm swing movements in Parkinson's disease: onset, progression and response to L-Dopa.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationArm swing was reduced and less smooth in Parkinson's disease, even before levodopa. Levodopa improved shoulder swing range and speed and forearm smoothness, but not asymmetry. Clinicians should watch early arm swing asymmetry during walking.
• PTOTSLPOther2025Elevated parkinsonism symptoms in autism during middle and older adulthood are linked with psychosocial, physical health, and mental health outcomes.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism ResearchAutistic adults aged 40-83 who screened positive for parkinsonism reported lower physical, environmental, and autism-specific quality of life, plus more memory, sleep, and depression issues. These links persisted when excluding those on antipsychotics, but daily living skills findings did not.
• PTCohort2025Effects of robot-assisted gait training within 1 week after stroke onset on degree of gait independence in individuals with hemiparesis: a propensity score-matched analysis in a single-center cohort study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationStarting robot-assisted gait training within 1 week of stroke onset was associated with more people walking with supervision by 90 days and reaching that milestone sooner than starting later.
• PTOTSystematic Review2025Longitudinal relationship between hip displacement and hip function in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: A scoping review.Developmental medicine and child neurologyThe link between hip displacement and daily function in children with cerebral palsy remains unclear. Most studies measure physical impairment rather than activity or participation, and surgical interventions obscure natural history. Clinicians cannot rely on current data to predict functional outcomes from hip structure alone.
• PTOTCohort2024Analysis of fall risk factors and environmental hazards for older adults in Japan: assessing fall situations and locations.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn Japanese day-care homes, falls clustered in bedrooms, hallways, and entrances. Not using an assistive device predicted hallway and entrance falls, while Parkinson’s disease, orthopedic conditions, and cane use predicted bedroom falls.
• PTPilot2025Recovr reality - Recover after injury or surgery to the brain and spinal cord with virtual Reality: ideal stage 2a clinical feasibility study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationBedside VR with usual rehabilitation was feasible and acceptable after neurosurgery or neurotrauma: 32 of 36 consented patients completed it, and no seizures, wound infections or rehabilitation-related injuries were reported within 30 days. Effectiveness was not tested.
• PTOTRCT2025Combined effects and timing of robotic training and botulinum toxin on upper limb spasticity and motor function: a single‑blinded randomized controlled pilot study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationIn this small pilot, delaying robotic training until four weeks after botulinum toxin injection produced the greatest motor function gains. Spasticity reduction depended on the toxin alone, not the timing of the robot.
• PTOTSLPOther2025The REAsmash serious game for the post-stroke diagnosis of distractor inhibition: contrast between immersive and non-immersive virtual reality test versions.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicinePost-stroke participants were slower than healthy controls on a serious game testing distractor inhibition. Immersive VR caused slower responses than non-immersive screens. However, the pattern of errors remained consistent across both VR types and groups, suggesting the test measures the same cognitive skill regardless of the device used.
• PTOTSLPCohort2025Submovements in manual tracking: people with Parkinson's disease produce more submovements than age-matched controls.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationPeople with Parkinson's made more small corrective movements and had larger timing and position errors than controls during manual tracking. This held true across all tested speeds. Older adults without Parkinson's showed similar error patterns to younger adults regarding movement smoothness.
• PTOTSLPMeta-Analysis2025Non-invasive cerebral and spinal cord stimulation for motor and gait recovery in incomplete spinal cord injury: systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationPooled non-invasive brain and spinal stimulation improved lower limb strength and gait, but this benefit vanished when broken down by technique. rTMS helped strength more than walking; tDCS effects were small. Spinal stimulation data was too sparse to conclude anything.
• PTPilot2025Impact of an upper limb motion-driven virtual rehabilitation system on residual motor function in patients with complete spinal cord injury： a pilot study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationIn 12 people with complete spinal cord injury, a short VR session made lower-limb muscle signals more often clearly tied to ankle movement attempts. It did not reliably increase how often any muscle signal appeared. This is an assessment effect, not proven recovery.
• PTOTSLPCohort2025Contextual Determinants of Health Disparities in Utilization of Community-Based Rehabilitation Services Among Medicare Fee-for-Service Beneficiaries With Traumatic Brain Injury.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationWhere older TBI patients live shapes whether they get home or clinic rehab. High unemployment and rural living linked to less home care and less outpatient care respectively. Severe housing problems linked to more outpatient care. Context matters for access.
• PTOTCohort2025Rehabilitation training robot using mirror therapy for the upper and lower limb after stroke: a prospective cohort study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationRobot training did not improve daily living independence more than standard therapy. It increased shoulder flexor strength in upper-limb users and hip, knee, and ankle strength in lower-limb users. Brain scans showed connectivity changes in both groups. Standard care remains the benchmark for functional independence.
• PTOTSLPCohort2025Environmental Barriers are Associated With Rehabilitation Needs 10 to 15 Years After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Veterans Affairs TBI Model Systems Study.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationVeterans with traumatic brain injury reported more unmet rehabilitation needs 10 to 15 years later when they faced environmental barriers. Attitudes of others, discrimination, and lack of accessible services were the strongest links, even after accounting for cognitive disability.
• PTRCT2025Evaluating the health and fitness benefits of a 6-month FES-cycling program on a recumbent trike for individuals with motor complete SCI: a pilot study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationFive men with complete spinal cord injury who cycled with electrical stimulation on a recumbent trike for six months had larger thigh muscles and higher cycling power. Bone, bowel, pain, heart and blood pressure control, well-being, and endurance did not show clear gains.
• PTPilot2025Early functional proprioceptive stimulation in high spinal cord injury: a pilot study.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesEarly vibration stimulation did not reduce spasticity, muscle wasting, or motor recovery more than sham in acute spinal cord injury, but no adverse events were attributed to it in this small pilot.
• PTOTOther2025A motor unit action potential-based method for surface electromyography decomposition.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationA new surface EMG decomposition method identifies more motor units than standard techniques, especially during complex movements. It runs much faster, taking about one second to process twelve seconds of data compared to over four hundred seconds for the standard method.
• PTOTOther2025Investigation of independence in the tasks involving the use of public transportation in patients with subacute stroke.Journal of rehabilitation medicineAmong subacute stroke patients practising public transport, only 15.4% to 41.9% completed all tasks in their course independently; walking in crowds was hardest, with 61.9% independent.
• PTOTCase-Control2024Association between freezing of gait and anticipatory postural adjustments in Parkinson's disease.Journal of physical therapy sciencePeople with Parkinson's disease and freezing of gait showed delayed and smaller anticipatory postural adjustments when standing on one leg. These movement differences were distinct enough to separate those with freezing from those without, suggesting the pattern may serve as a biomarker for postural control problems.
• PTOTSLPCase Series2024Usefulness of automated tractography for outcome prediction in patients with recurrent stroke.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn three patients with recurrent stroke, automated brain scans identified specific nerve tract damage that matched their long-term recovery levels. Patients with widespread tract damage had poor outcomes, while those with limited damage regained independence, suggesting scans may help predict rehabilitation potential.
• PTPilot2025Therapeutic and orthotic effects of an adaptive functional electrical stimulation system on gait biomechanics in participants with stroke.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationHybrid adaptive FES to shin and calf muscles improved center-of-pressure symmetry in 8 people with stroke; shin-only FES did not clearly improve it. Two people showed gait changes after 21 days without stimulation.
• PTOTCohort2025Trends in spasticity-reducing surgery and botulinum toxin treatment for post-stroke spasticity: a register study on 6,258 patients in Sweden, 2010-2021.Journal of rehabilitation medicinePatients who had surgery received fewer botulinum toxin injections afterward, but the registry could not show surgery caused this. Surgery use stayed flat while injection use rose.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2025Adherence of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in Parkinson Disease to Trustworthy Standards: A Systematic Survey.DysphagiaMost Parkinson's dysphagia guidelines fail trustworthy standards. They rarely specify screening or monitoring, rely on expert opinion, and offer vague advice. Clinicians should treat existing guidance as low-quality and prioritize individualized assessment over protocol adherence.
• PTOTCohort2025Modeling Upper Limb Rehabilitation-Induced Recovery After Stroke: The Role of Attention as a Clinical Confounder.Physical therapyIn stroke patients receiving about 1.5 hours of daily therapy, the amount of rehabilitation did not predict upper limb recovery. Baseline motor function was the only significant predictor. Attention levels confounded the results, suggesting cognitive status may mask rehabilitation effects.
• PTOTOther2025Investigating the cortical effect of false positive feedback on motor learning in motor imagery based rehabilitative BCI training.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationIn four stroke patients, false feedback during hand brain-computer training did not clearly change peak brain activation. In healthy volunteers, training without false feedback produced stronger activation, like active movement.
• PTOTCase Series2025Satisfactory long-term functional and radiological outcomes following hip reconstructive surgery in children with cerebral palsy.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicineAt mean 8.4 years after hip surgery, parents reported better health, leg function, activity and pain, and hip radiographs improved. Without a control group or pre-surgery pain scores, the surgery's effect is not proven.
• PTOther2025Wearable fall risk assessment by discriminating recessive weak foot individual.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationA new algorithm flags patients with inconsistent gait patterns that confuse fall-risk models. By separating these individuals, the system improved fall-risk classification accuracy from 81.2% to 85.4%. This tool aids quality control but requires further testing before clinical use.
• PTOTSLPOther2025Efficacy of high- versus moderate-intensity spatially distributed sequential stimulation in subjects with spinal cord injury: an isometric study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationFor whole-quadriceps stimulation, moderate intensity preserved force and fatigue resistance better than high intensity. For the vastus lateralis alone, high intensity did not reduce these benefits compared to moderate intensity.
• PTOther2025Comparison of gait deviation index (GDI) and gait variability index (GVI) measured by marker-based and markerless motion capture systems in children with cerebral palsy (CP).Gait & postureIn children with cerebral palsy, Theia3D markerless motion capture gave lower Gait Deviation Index scores than marker-based capture, especially in more affected limbs. Gait Variability Index scores did not differ. Do not compare GDI scores across systems.
• PTOTQualitative2025Supervised exercise after minor stroke: an evaluation from the perspective of patients and healthcare professionals.Journal of rehabilitation medicinePatients were most motivated to exercise immediately after stroke, before daily life reorganized. Supervised hospital exercise felt safer and more engaging than municipal sessions, where patients felt less supported. Peer bonding and frequent follow-ups were key to maintaining activity.
• PTOTCohort2024Deficits in recovery of postural stability after stepping are limb- and phase-specific in children with unilateral cerebral palsy.Gait & postureChildren with unilateral CP show significant postural instability when stepping, especially side-to-side movement with their more-affected leg. They recover stability more slowly and with less automaticity than peers. This specific dynamic weakness may increase fall risk during daily activities.
• PTOTRCT2025MEP Status is Not Predictive of Response to Upper Limb Training in People With Chronic, Moderate-Severe Hemiparesis Post-Stroke.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairIn chronic moderate-to-severe stroke, a motor evoked potential before upper limb training did not predict arm improvement. People with and without a baseline MEP improved similarly, with similar proportions achieving a 6-point improvement. MEP status alone did not help predict response.
• PTOTPilot2025Home-Based Nonimmersive Virtual Reality Training After Discharge From Inpatient or Outpatient Stroke Rehabilitation: Parallel Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologiesHome virtual reality balance and gait training after stroke was feasible and safe, but did not improve balance, gait or function more than iPad apps. Both groups improved some measures over six weeks.
• PTOTRCT2025EEG-fMRI neurofeedback versus motor imagery after stroke, a randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationStroke survivors with partial upper limb impairment who trained with EEG-fMRI neurofeedback improved more on arm function scores than those doing motor imagery alone. The gains held at one month, but the study was small and the neurofeedback felt harder.
• PTPilot2025Optimizing health through education: The Adaptive Health Education on Activity and Diet (AHEAD) program.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationA 4-week virtual education workshop for adaptive athletes with disabilities increased weight training frequency, meal prep, diet and exercise discussions, and physical activity right after the course, but some gains were not sustained at follow-up and confidence mostly did not change.
• PTOTRCT2025Resting-state hemodynamic changes and effects on upper limb function after multi-channel transcranial direct current stimulation to the ipsilesional primary motor cortex and anterior intraparietal sulcus in stroke patients: an fNIRS pilot study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationFMA-UE upper limb scores did not improve more with real tDCS added to exercises than sham added to exercises. The Box and Block Test favoured real tDCS, but this pilot cannot show tDCS works.
• PTOTSLPCohort2025Prediction of cerebral palsy and cognitive delay among high-risk children in a developing nation: A successful early detection programme.Developmental medicine and child neurologyCombining video assessments of infant movements with a neurological exam detected 100% of cerebral palsy cases and 86% of cognitive delays in high-risk infants. This works without MRI scans, though it also flags many children who do not have these conditions.
• PTOTCase Report2025Diagnosis, treatment, and functional outcomes for two adolescent female patients with lupus myelitis: a case report.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesAdolescent girls with lupus myelitis improved self-care and mobility during inpatient rehabilitation, but they received multiple immunomodulatory treatments and intensive therapy together.
• PTOTOther2025Rocking in a rocking chair activates trunk muscles in children with spinal cord injury and impaired trunk control.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicineRocking in a custom chair significantly increased trunk muscle activity in children with spinal cord injury compared to quiet sitting. All eleven children with SCI could rock the chair independently, found it enjoyable, and experienced no injuries, suggesting it is a safe, accessible way to activate trunk muscles.