TOPIC

Neurological research

Everything we have read on neurological. Each paper is summarised from the full article rather than its abstract, so the limitations are in there too, and the funding wherever the paper declares it.

2,792 PAPERS · PAGE 37 OF 56 · NEWEST FIRST

• PTOTCohort2024Improved Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores after myoelectric arm orthosis use at home in chronic stroke: A retrospective study.Prosthetics and orthotics internationalIn 19 adults with chronic stroke, using a myoelectric arm orthosis at home was associated with a mean DASH score improvement of 18.07 points. Most participants reported better function, but this uncontrolled study cannot confirm the device caused the change.
• PTOTPilot2024A usability study on mobile EMG-guided wrist extension training in subacute stroke patients-MyoGuide.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationSeven subacute stroke survivors rated a mobile EMG wrist-training app as good to excellent for usability. They liked the game and feedback, but most could not put the armband on or navigate the tablet alone, so home use needs better design and support.
• PTOTSLPCohort2023Clinical outcomes associated with speech, language and swallowing difficulties post-stroke.The South African journal of communication disorders = Die Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir KommunikasieafwykingsDysphagia after stroke was linked to greater disability, and swallowing difficulty with aspiration was linked to poorer oral intake in 68 South African adults. Links with referral timing and aspiration pneumonia risk factors were not clear.
• PTOTRCT2024Synergistic efficacy of repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation on central intermittent theta burst stimulation for upper limb function in patients with stroke: a double-blinded, randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationAdding peripheral magnetic stimulation to brain stimulation did not improve overall upper limb function more than brain stimulation alone. Both groups improved similarly. Only the combined group showed a significant gain in one grasp subtest, but this difference did not reach statistical significance when comparing the two groups directly.
• PTOTSystematic Review2024Evidence-based recommendations for the rehabilitation and management of the ageing population with spinal cord injury: a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicineMost spinal cord injury guidelines lack specific advice for older adults. The few recommendations that exist are mostly low-quality evidence, leaving major gaps in managing mobility, pain, and social participation for patients ageing with or acquiring SCI.
• PTOTSLPCase Report2023Neurological and vestibular findings in three cases of Multiple Sclerosis.CoDASThree women with MS showed varied vestibular signs. Two had central nystagmus and balance issues; one had altered dynamic balance. All had abnormal vHIT gains. These cases show MS can cause central vestibular dysfunction, but do not prove a treatment works.
• PTOTQualitative2024The meaningfulness of exploring one's own limits through interactions and enjoyment in outdoor high-intensity physiotherapy for people with multiple sclerosis: a qualitative study.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesPeople with MS described the outdoor sessions in a multi-component physiotherapy programme as meaningful. They valued pushing limits with running/walking, detailed exercises, group support, outdoors and tailored physiotherapist interaction.
• PTOTCohort2024Minimal detectable change of gait and balance measures in older neurological patients: estimating the standard error of the measurement from before-after rehabilitation data thanks to the linear mixed-effects models.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationGait speed and total TUG time are reliable enough to track change in older neurological patients. Use a three-repetition protocol: discard the first, average the next two. A real change requires about 15% improvement or decline. Inertial sensor metrics for sit-to-walk and turning were too noisy to be useful.
• PTOTOther2024A portable system to measure knee extensor spasticity after spinal cord injury.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationTwo wireless sensors on the thigh and shin measured knee spasticity as accurately as lab cameras in people with spinal cord injury. The portable system matched clinical scores and held steady across days, offering a cheaper, simpler way to track changes over time.
• PTOTRCT2024Can cerebellar theta-burst stimulation improve balance function and gait in stroke patients? A randomized controlled trial.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicineAdding cerebellar theta-burst stimulation to physical therapy improved balance, walking speed, and daily living independence more than physical therapy alone in stroke patients. Both groups improved, but the stimulation group showed greater gains in key walking metrics like stride length and velocity.
• PTOTRCT2024Unsupervised robot-assisted rehabilitation after stroke: feasibility, effect on therapy dose, and user experience.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationTwelve of thirteen subacute stroke inpatients used a hand robot unsupervised without safety issues. They averaged 77% attendance and added about 6 hours of therapy over two weeks. Usability scores did not drop when the therapist left the room.
• PTOTSystematic Review2024Assessments and interventions on body functions, structures and activity to prepare adults with acute spinal cord injury or disease for participation: a scoping review.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesEarly therapy after spinal cord injury is safe and assessments like SCIM III and ISNCSCI are usable in the acute phase. However, evidence for specific interventions to improve muscle or hand function is weak, with trials showing no significant benefit over control groups.
• PTOTOther2024Impaired proprioception and magnified scaling of proprioceptive error responses in chronic stroke.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationPeople with chronic stroke have significantly impaired proprioception across a wide range of movement speeds and distances. They consistently misjudge slow movements as fast and fast movements as slow, and struggle most with short, slow tasks like brushing teeth.
• PTOTRCT2024Differences in Daily Activity Performance Between Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility and Home Among Stroke Survivors.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairStroke survivors scored significantly worse on daily activities in their own homes than in the rehab facility, even just days before discharge. This gap suggests that facility-based tests overestimate real-world independence, particularly for stairs and bathing.
• PTOTSLPCohort2024Sensitive Identification of Asymmetries and Neuromuscular Deficits in Lower Limb Function in Early Multiple Sclerosis.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairPeople with early MS and normal manual muscle strength showed reduced single-leg jump performance compared to healthy controls. This objective test detected subclinical asymmetries and deficits that standard clinical exams missed.
• PTOTCohort2024Gait speed at the acute phase predicted health-related quality of life at 3 and 12 months after stroke: a prospective cohort study.Journal of rehabilitation medicineStroke survivors who walked faster in the acute phase reported better health-related quality of life at 3 and 12 months. Those in the fastest group had significantly higher quality-of-life scores and fewer problems with mobility, self-care, and daily activities than those in the slowest group.
• PTOTSLPCohort2024Impact of deep brain stimulation on gait in Parkinson disease: A kinematic study.Gait & postureGait speed, step length, and stride length worsened less than a year after deep brain stimulation, even though medication doses dropped and clinical motor scores improved. These kinematic declines were not predicted by target site or medication changes.
• PTOTOther2024Use of functional magnetic resonance imaging to identify cortical loci for lower limb movements and their efficacy for individuals after stroke.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationA custom footplate and leg cushion reduced head motion during fMRI, allowing researchers to map specific brain areas for lower limb movements. In stroke survivors, brain activity patterns in these mapped areas correlated with motor function scores, suggesting these loci could help target future neurorehabilitation.
• PTOTSLPCohort2024Long-term impact of a community-based adapted boxing program on physical functioning and quality of life of individuals with Parkinson's disease.NeuroRehabilitationIndividuals with Parkinson's disease attending community boxing for over a year showed improved mobility and leg strength. Balance did not change. Quality of life scores worsened slightly, though the change was smaller than the threshold for clinical significance. There was no control group.
• PTOTSLPOther2024Nutrition and Food Security Among Veterans: Operationalizing Nutritional Functioning.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationVeterans with polytrauma face nutritional barriers rooted in psychosocial and cognitive factors, not just food access. Many view food assistance as a "handout" and struggle with meal planning due to PTSD and pain, requiring tailored rehabilitation interventions that address these specific psychological and functional obstacles.
• PTOTOther2023Relationship between muscle activity characteristics and physical therapy parameters during posterior gait assistance with knee-ankle-foot orthosis in severe acute stroke hemiplegic patients.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn acute stroke patients using a knee-ankle-foot orthosis with therapist support, all measured leg muscles worked hardest in the first half of the step. Rectus femoris activity correlated with balance and movement scores, offering a possible indicator of function when voluntary movement is hard to assess.
• PTOTSLPOther2023Applicability of fractional anisotropy from standardized automated tractography for outcome prediction of patients after stroke.Journal of physical therapy scienceIn 14 stroke patients, fractional anisotropy from automated tractography strongly predicted long-term motor recovery. This method worked even when comparing raw lesion-side scores, unlike standard region-of-interest mapping which failed on raw scores. It offers a practical tool for prognosis without needing healthy-side comparisons.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2024Predictive Factors for Successful Decannulation in Patients with Tracheostomies and Brain Injuries: A Systematic Review.DysphagiaFor patients with brain injuries, decannulation success is predicted by better consciousness, effective swallowing, and a strong cough. Younger age and traumatic rather than anoxic causes also help. These factors suggest who might tolerate tube removal, but do not guarantee it.
• PTOTOther2024Minimal clinically important differences of spatiotemporal gait variables in Parkinson disease.Gait & postureIn Parkinson disease, specific gait changes mark clinically important differences: 8.2cm/s for speed, 3.6cm for step length, and about 0.7% for variability. These values help determine if treatment effects are real or just measurement noise.
• PTOTOther2024Human-centered design of a novel soft exosuit for post-stroke gait rehabilitation.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationThe new stroke-specific NewGait device scored 84.3 on usability versus 62.7 for the original, indicating best imaginable usability. Silicone bands survived 500,000 cycles while latex failed at 26,727. Clinical effectiveness remains untested.
• PTOTSLPCohort2024Community integration and its predictors in people with stroke: a multicenter longitudinal study.Journal of rehabilitation medicineStroke survivors' community integration improved over a year, driven by gains in daily living and balance. Baseline independence and balance were the strongest predictors of long-term integration. Therapists should prioritise self-care and balance training, not just motor recovery.
• PTOTSLPCohort2023Prevalence and Correlates of VA-Purchased Community Care Use Among Post-9/11-Era Veterans With Traumatic Brain Injury.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationVeterans with traumatic brain injury who had severe injuries, mental health conditions, or suicide risk were more likely to use community care purchased by the VA than those with milder injuries. This group represents a large portion of community patients who may lack specialized TBI training.
• PTOTCohort2024Early Prediction of Poststroke Rehabilitation Outcomes Using Wearable Sensors.Physical therapyWearable sensors during a brief walk improved prediction of discharge ambulation and fall risk in ambulatory stroke patients, but did not help predict independence. For nonambulatory patients, standard clinical records alone remained as accurate as sensor data.
• PTOTRCT2024Vertical locomotion improves horizontal locomotion: effects of climbing on gait and other mobility aspects in Parkinson's disease. A secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationTwelve weeks of supervised indoor climbing improved normal and fast walking speed, stand-and-walk speed, and sit-to-stand speed in mild-to-moderate Parkinson's compared to unsupervised home exercise. Dual-task walking did not improve in either group.
• PTOTOther2024Detecting the symptoms of Parkinson's disease with non-standard video.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationA machine learning model using smartphone videos of a finger-to-nose task correctly detected Parkinson's symptoms in 91% of cases. However, it failed to detect symptoms from hand rotation videos, and the system still requires manual identification of the patient in the frame.
• PTOTSLPOther2024Psychometric properties of the Danish version of the Caregiver Burden Scale: Investigating predictors and severity of burden after stroke, spinal cord injury, or traumatic brain injury.Journal of rehabilitation medicineThe Danish Caregiver Burden Scale reliably measures overall strain, disappointment, and emotional involvement in stroke, spinal cord, and brain injury caregivers. However, its Environment and Isolation subscales are unreliable for most groups. Longer caregiving and being a spouse predicted higher burden.
• PTOTCase Report2024Utility and usability of a wearable system and progressive-challenge cued exercise program for encouraging use of the more involved arm at-home after stroke-a feasibility study with case reports.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationIn six chronic stroke survivors, a wearable app delivering 180 daily vibration cues prompted arm exercise in 98% of cases. Users rated usability high. This confirms the device works technically. It does not prove the exercises improved function or recovery.
• PTOTSLPOther2024Cerebral palsy pain instruments: Recommended tools for clinical research studies by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Cerebral Palsy Common Data Elements project.Developmental medicine and child neurologyFifteen pain assessment tools are recommended for children with cerebral palsy, but none are classified as core. Most tools target school-aged children who can self-report, leaving significant gaps for non-verbal patients and those with communication challenges.
• PTOTSLPOther2023A neuropsychological rehabilitation service delivery model for South African adults with acquired brain injury (RSDM-SA).Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesThis paper proposes a service model for South Africa that shifts neuropsychological rehabilitation from hospitals to homes and communities. It suggests training local facilitators to deliver low-cost strategies like using cellphones for memory aids and group support, rather than relying on expensive clinic-based equipment.
• PTOTOther2024Linking corticospinal tract activation and upper-limb motor control in adults with cerebral palsy.Developmental medicine and child neurologyAdults with cerebral palsy had smaller wrist flexor corticospinal responses at high stimulation levels than typical adults. Among adults with cerebral palsy, smaller responses were associated with poorer manual dexterity, selective motor control, and self-reported upper-limb tasks.
• PTOTSLPCohort2024Changes in physical activity level during hospitalization in patients with stroke and those with fracture: a prospective longitudinal study.Journal of physical therapy scienceDuring rehabilitation, both stroke and fracture patients spent less time sitting and more time moving. The biggest gain was in light activity during non-therapy hours. However, total activity remained far below WHO guidelines, suggesting the hospital environment itself limits movement regardless of diagnosis.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2024Exoskeleton-based exercises for overground gait and balance rehabilitation in spinal cord injury: a systematic review of dose and dosage parameters.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationMost studies using exoskeletons for walking and balance in spinal cord injury reported improvements. Typical effective protocols involved 60-minute sessions, three times a week, for eight to twelve weeks. However, study designs varied widely, and many did not report training intensity or dropouts.
• OTCohort2024The impact of stroke on employment income: A cohort study using hospital and income tax data in Ontario, Canada.Clinical rehabilitationOver 3 years, stroke survivors were less likely to report employment income, and median annual income changed by −$6400. The loss was largest for lower earners.
• PTOTCohort2024Early functional factors for predicting outcome of independence in daily living after stroke: a decision tree analysis.Journal of rehabilitation medicineA decision tree model predicts independence in daily living after stroke. Patients who could stand up from sitting and had good balance on admission were most likely to achieve a good outcome at discharge. This helps therapists set early goals based on initial mobility and balance scores.
• PTOTSurvey2024Assessment of visual problems after acquired brain injury: a survey of current practice in Danish hospitals.Journal of rehabilitation medicineDanish OTs and PTs rarely use standardized vision tests or formal guidelines when assessing patients with acquired brain injury. Most rely on observation and interviews, lack specific training, and refer inconsistently. This variation suggests a need for structured protocols and education in visual assessment.
• PTOTQualitative2024"There's always something, and then there's more": a qualitative examination of how virtual peer led self-management can create community around the evolving SCI experience.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesParticipants in an online spinal cord injury self-management program valued peer validation over professional advice. They described finding community with others who understood their specific lived experience, which they felt was more powerful than standard clinical support.
• PTOTSLPOther2024Immersive VR for upper-extremity rehabilitation in patients with neurological disorders: a scoping review.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationMost studies of immersive VR for arm rehabilitation reported improvements, but all were small, uncontrolled trials. Cybersickness was rarely measured. Treat this as evidence of feasibility, not proof that VR works better than standard therapy.
• PTOTSLPRCT2024Enhancing touch sensibility with sensory electrical stimulation and sensory retraining.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationSub-threshold electrical stimulation improved texture discrimination within the treated group, but the difference versus sham failed significance after correction. Stimulation increased scanning speed and brain activity, yet no direct clinical benefit was proven for patients.
• PTOTOther2024Exploring the challenges of avoiding collisions with virtual pedestrians using a dual-task paradigm in individuals with chronic moderate to severe traumatic brain injury.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationPeople with chronic traumatic brain injury walked closer to virtual pedestrians and started avoiding them later when doing a cognitive task. They did not hit the obstacles, but their strategy was riskier than healthy adults, who widened their path and slowed down.
• PTOTCohort2024Prediction of long-term functional outcome following different rehabilitation pathways after stroke unit discharge.Journal of rehabilitation medicinePatients planned for home or outpatient rehab after stroke had higher odds of independence at 1 and 5 years than those with no planned rehab. Inpatient rehab was linked to lower odds of independence, but these patients had more severe strokes and comorbidities.
• PTOTCohort2024The use of accelerometer bracelets to evaluate arm motor function over a stroke rehabilitation period - an explorative observational study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationChange in wrist movement over stroke rehab did not track change in clinical arm function, although readings matched arm function scores at the start and were still related at the end. Ten of 18 patients did not change their self-reported arm use.
• PTOTCohort2024Improving physical movement during stroke rehabilitation: investigating associations between sleep measured by wearable actigraphy technology, fatigue, and key biomarkers.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationIn 18 stroke inpatients, no sleep link was found for affected-side movement. More night wakings tracked with weaker non-affected grip, and longer time to fall asleep tracked with better non-affected block performance. Fatigue was common but not linked to movement.
• PTOTCohort2024The independence of impairments in proprioception and visuomotor adaptation after stroke.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationStroke survivors with impaired position sense still adapted to visual distortions at normal rates. Proprioceptive deficits and visuomotor adaptation impairments occur independently, so a patient’s poor body awareness does not predict their ability to learn from visual feedback.
• PTOTRCT2024Effectiveness of action observation treatment based on pathological model in hemiplegic children: a randomized-controlled trial.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicineChildren with hemiplegia who watched videos of a hand with similar movement patterns and then copied the actions improved more in spontaneous bimanual hand use immediately after 8 hours of therapy than those who watched typically developed hands. This advantage disappeared by follow-up.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2024Hope as experienced by people with acquired brain injury in a rehabilitation-or recovery process: a qualitative systematic review and thematic synthesis.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciencesHope after brain injury is a double-edged sword: it drives recovery but can cause despair when unfulfilled. Patients need therapists to make small progress visible, set realistic goals, and balance honesty with support. The therapeutic alliance is crucial for maintaining hope.