SLPCase-ControlJournal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR2025

Vocal and Facial Behavior During Affect Production in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Hardik Kothare, Vikram Ramanarayanan, Michael Neumann and 7 others

PMID 39700465

WHAT IT FOUND

Children with autism showed reduced facial expressivity, particularly smaller eye opening and lip width during happy and afraid speech, compared to controls.

Human raters were less accurate in identifying emotions from these children's faces, though vocal accuracy did not differ significantly overall.

Key findings

01Human raters were significantly less accurate in identifying emotions from facial data of children with ASD compared to controls, with lower accuracy across all tasks and for happy, sad, and afraid emotions.

02Objective facial metrics showed that children with ASD had smaller eye opening during angry and afraid productions and smaller lip width during happy productions compared to controls.

03Overall human rater accuracy for vocal affect recognition was not significantly different between the ASD and control cohorts, although specific emotions like happiness and sadness showed poorer vocal communication in the ASD group.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for SLPs

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What it does not show

The control cohort was smaller than the ASD cohort. The study measured emotion production under cued, directed conditions, which may not reflect spontaneous emotional expression in natural environments. The presence of a doctoral student in the room during data collection may have influenced participant performance. Group differences could reflect differences in how participants responded to prompts rather than purely functional deficits. The study did not control for language ability differences between groups, as the ASD cohort had lower standardized language scores.

Declared interests

The study was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants, Autism Speaks Grant, and UCSF Weill Institute for Neuroscience. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

The easy way to misread this

Do not assume that vocal affect communication is equally impaired as facial affect communication. While facial emotion recognition was significantly lower for the ASD group, overall vocal affect recognition did not differ significantly between groups, suggesting that interventions should prioritize facial expressivity training based on these specific findings.

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