PTOTQualitativeAustralian occupational therapy journal2025

The use of robotic upper limb therapy in routine clinical practice for stroke survivors: Insights from Australian therapists.

Nicholas Flynn, Elspeth Froude, Deirdre Cooke and 1 others

PMID 40134134

WHAT IT FOUND

Nine therapists accepted robot arm therapy as extra practice for stroke survivors with dense arm weakness, but occupational therapists used it less because the device sat in the physiotherapy gym.

Key findings

01Therapists saw robot upper limb therapy as useful for increasing intensity and repetition, especially for stroke survivors with dense upper limb weakness.

02The device's placement in the physiotherapy gym made physiotherapists more likely to use it and occupational therapists less likely.

03Occupational therapists reported less confidence and skill, linked to sporadic use and limited orientation.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for PTsWhat it means for OTs

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What it does not show

Only nine therapists from one rehabilitation facility were interviewed, so the findings are indicative rather than generalisable. The authors say data saturation was unlikely to have been reached. Participants were therapists available on the focus group days, and many had previously met the interviewer, which may have shaped responses. No stroke survivors or family members were included. The behaviour-change framework may have narrowed which themes were identified. One occupational therapist had only used the device in training, not with patients.

Declared interests

The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

The easy way to misread this

Do not read this as evidence that robot arm therapy improves stroke recovery. It reports therapists' experiences and usability ratings in one facility, not patient outcomes.

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