The effect of group exercise program on the self-efficacy and activities of daily living in adults with cerebral palsy.
Byeong-Jo Kim, Soo-Min Kim, Hae-Yeon Kwon
PMID 29643601WHAT IT FOUND
In adults with cerebral palsy, a 6-week group program combining boccia, range-of-motion, stretching, massage and breathing improved confidence in doing tasks and activities of daily living more than range-of-motion and stretching alone.
Boccia alone cannot be credited.
Key findings
01The group program produced larger average change values than the control program: 2.45 versus 1.42 on general self-efficacy, 2.18 versus 1.50 on functional self-efficacy, and 2.82 versus 1.58 on the Modified Barthel Index.
02Both groups had higher self-efficacy and Modified Barthel Index scores after exercise than before.
03The experimental intervention was not boccia alone: it included warm-up range-of-motion and stretching, a boccia game, and tidying-up body massage and deep breathing.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for PTsWhat it means for OTs
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What it does not show
The study was small and used a quasi-experimental design, so group differences may reflect selection rather than the program. Allocation was based on who could attend the group sessions, not on random assignment. The sample was restricted to adults aged 18 to 30 who could sit, play boccia, score more than 18 on the Mini-Mental Status Examination and communicate, so it may not apply to younger or older adults or to people with more severe impairment. Both groups received exercise and both improved, so a no-treatment comparison is absent and attention or assessment effects cannot be ruled out. The experimental program combined boccia with warm-up range-of-motion and stretching and tidying-up massage and deep breathing, so the contribution of any single component cannot be separated.
The easy way to misread this
Do not conclude that boccia alone improved confidence and daily living. The experimental group also received range-of-motion and stretching, massage and deep breathing, the control group also improved, and allocation was not random.