Subtle Motor Signs as a Biomarker for Mindful Movement Intervention in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

The study had no control group and no random assignment, so time, expectation, maturation, or other factors could explain the changes. Only 34 children enrolled, 29 completed, and outcome analyses were available for 25, 27, or 28 children depending on measure. Five participants dropped out, and the reasons included injury, family logistics, and maternal health. The treatment lasted 8 weeks, and assessments were done within 3 weeks of completion, so longer-term effects were not examined. Medication dosage changes were not controlled or monitored, although families were asked to keep dosage consistent. The intervention combined several movement, play, reflection, and homework components, so the contribution of any single component cannot be separated. Motor persistence on the NEPSY statue task did not improve, and PANESS Total Timed did not survive correction. The sample was mostly male (82% male).

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Do not conclude that Tai Chi caused the improvements. The program also included a brief dynamic warm-up, reflection on body movement and awareness, yoga/functional movement practice, Tai Chi skill training, an imaginative play module, closing reflection, adapted games, and video homework. The study had no control group, no randomization, and medication dosage changes were not monitored. The contribution of any single component cannot be separated.