SLPOtherJournal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation2024

Self-Perception of Vocal Effort in Response to Modeled Communication Demands.

Mark L Berardi, Eric J Hunter

PMID 35760632

WHAT IT FOUND

Healthy young adults reported significantly higher vocal effort when speaking to a partner 4 meters away or in background noise above 62 dBA.

Effort also rose when they were asked to speak louder, even if the target volume was within normal range.

Key findings

01Vocal effort ratings increased significantly when the communication distance doubled from 2 meters to 4 meters, but not from 1 meter to 2 meters.

02Vocal effort increased significantly with each step up in background noise (53 dBA, 62 dBA, and 71 dBA).

03Vocal effort increased significantly when participants were instructed to speak at a raised loudness goal (66 dBSPL), but not when moving from relaxed (54 dBSPL) to normal (60 dBSPL) levels.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for SLPs

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What it does not show

The study used healthy young adults with no voice disorders, so the results may not apply to patients with existing vocal pathology. The maximum communication distance tested was 4 meters, so the effects of greater distances (e.g., classroom projection) are unknown. The speech task was extemporaneous, meaning the length and complexity of the route description varied between trials, which could influence vocal dose and effort. There was high variability between participants (45% coefficient of variation), partly explained by personality traits like neuroticism and extraversion, making individual predictions difficult.

Declared interests

No conflicts of interest or funding sources were reported in the provided text.

The easy way to misread this

Do not assume that the lack of significant increase in vocal effort between 1 and 2 meters means that distance is irrelevant. The study found a significant increase only when doubling from 2 to 4 meters, suggesting a 'habitual floor' where effort remains stable until a clear physical barrier is encountered.

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