Self-Efficacy, Self-Regulation, Social Support, and Outcomes Expectations for Daily Physical Activity in Adults with Chronic Stroke: A Descriptive, Exploratory Study.
Ryan R Bailey
PMID 30648475WHAT IT FOUND
Ambulatory chronic stroke survivors reported high confidence and positive expectations for daily physical activity, but low use of self-regulation and social support.
These patterns point to planning, routines, and social help as possible areas for support.
Key findings
01Participants reported high self-efficacy for daily physical activity, agreement with positive outcomes expectations, and disagreement with negative outcomes expectations.
02Participants reported low use of self-regulation strategies and low availability of social support for daily physical activity.
03The study was descriptive and exploratory, with no sample size calculations or analytic statistics; results are presented only as descriptive categories.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for PTsWhat it means for OTs
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What it does not show
The study included only 36 ambulatory adults with chronic stroke who lived in the community and reported minimal functional disability, so the findings likely do not apply to people with greater impairment. The questionnaires were modified versions of exercise scales and had not been validated for daily physical activity in stroke. No sample size calculation or inferential statistics were performed, so the patterns are descriptive and cannot show relationships or effects. The study did not test whether these questionnaire ratings related to objectively measured daily physical activity. Some participants mentioned receiving rehabilitation services, but participation in rehabilitation was not collected or analysed, so prior rehabilitation may have influenced self-efficacy and expectations.
The easy way to misread this
Do not read the low self-regulation and social support ratings as proof that targeting them will increase daily physical activity. This was a small descriptive study using modified unvalidated questionnaires, with no inferential statistics and no tested intervention.