PTOTSLPCohortArchives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation2025

Prediction of Outcome in Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: The Value of Pragmatic Estimation of the Duration of Posttraumatic Confusional State.

Rabea Iris Pantelatos, Toril Skandsen, Turid Follestad and 6 others

PMID 40980529

WHAT IT FOUND

Longer posttraumatic confusion predicted worse 12-month recovery, especially in severe TBI.

Patients with confusion lasting 7 days or less had high rates of good recovery (78% moderate, 71% severe). Confusion lasting more than 28 days strongly predicted severe disability or death.

Key findings

01In severe TBI, duration of posttraumatic confusional state (PTCS) was the only significant predictor of worse outcome in multivariable models, outperforming admission GCS and CT findings.

02Almost all patients with PTCS duration of 28 days or less achieved independence in daily life (GOSE score 5-8) at 12 months, with negative predictive values of 96% for moderate TBI and 99% for severe TBI.

03When PTCS lasted 0-7 days, good recovery (GOSE 7-8) was observed in 78% of moderate TBI cases and 71% of severe TBI cases.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for PTsWhat it means for OTsWhat it means for SLPs

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What it does not show

PTCS duration was often estimated retrospectively from medical records, which may be less accurate than prospective assessment. The duration was categorized into weekly intervals, losing fine-grained temporal data. The study was conducted at a single regional neurosurgical center, so results may not generalize to patients treated solely in general hospitals. Some patients had unknown PTCS duration due to missing records or transfer outside the health region. Factors such as sedation, analgesics, or acute stress may have influenced the assessment of confusion, potentially confounding the PTCS duration.

Declared interests

The investigators have no financial or nonfinancial disclosures to make in relation to this project.

The easy way to misread this

Do not assume that admission GCS or CT findings are the best predictors of long-term functional outcome in severe TBI. This study found that when the duration of posttraumatic confusion was included in the models, GCS and CT scores were no longer significant predictors of outcome. The clinical course of confusion is a more powerful prognostic tool than the initial injury snapshot.

Summarised by AI from the full paper, without a clinician reviewing it. Check it against the source before it changes what you do. Read it on PubMed →