Participation Questionnaire for Preschoolers With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Item Development.
Takuto Nakamura, Sakumi Koyama, Hirofumi Nagayama and 1 others
PMID 39104878WHAT IT FOUND
Experts and caregivers helped refine a questionnaire for preschoolers with autism.
They removed domains that measured skills rather than participation and added questions about social opportunities. The resulting draft requires further testing before it can be used clinically.
Key findings
01Expert review led to the deletion of communication and mobility domains because the items measured activity skills rather than participation.
02Caregiver feedback resulted in the addition of items regarding peer relationships and shared activities, such as enjoying reading or class activities with same-age children.
03The final draft of the questionnaire was reduced from 51 to 36 items through two phases of qualitative refinement.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for OTs
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What it does not show
The study was conducted only in Japan, so the cultural and institutional context may limit the applicability of the items to other populations. Data collection occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have restricted the range of participation activities reported by caregivers. The participants were recruited from child development support services and medical institutions, potentially excluding families who do not access these services. The questionnaire has not undergone item reduction analysis for scale development or validation of reliability and validity, meaning it is not yet a psychometrically sound instrument.
The easy way to misread this
Do not treat this as a validated assessment tool. The paper reports only the qualitative development of items; no statistical validation, reliability testing, or comparison to existing measures was performed. Using this draft in clinical practice is premature.