Impact of COVID-19 on the Participation of Iranian Adolescents in Daily Life: Development and Validation of the IAPAT-C Tool.
Ghodsiyeh Joveini, Laleh Lajevardi, Mitra Khalafbeigi and 2 others
PMID 39445212WHAT IT FOUND
Iranian adolescents reported changed participation after COVID-19.
Leisure with friends, school activities, family activities and personal activities decreased, while relaxing and in-home activities increased. Work did not change. The reported changes were small in several domains.
Key findings
01Adolescents reported significant before-after differences in every participation domain except work.
02The reported changes were weak to very weak in familial, personal, in-home and work domains, while leisure with friends, school activities and relaxing activities were greatly affected.
03The electronic IAPAT-C showed internal consistency of 0.910 by Cronbach's alpha and 0.878 by McDonald's omega after item analysis.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for OTs
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What it does not show
The sample was mostly economically and socially affluent because online participation required internet access, so results may not apply to lower-income adolescents. Before-pandemic participation was recalled after the outbreak, so memory may have affected the before-after comparison. The study had no control group, only one group compared before and after. Participants were selected by convenience, not a population-based sample. The effect sizes were weak to very weak in four domains, so statistically significant differences may not mean large practical changes. Work did not show a significant difference. The tool was validated only for Iranian adolescents aged 13 to 18 who completed an online questionnaire. Discriminant validity was poor except for familial activity domain. Only six adolescents took part in cognitive interviews.
The easy way to misread this
Do not read the significant before-after differences as large practical changes. The reported changes were small in several domains, and work did not differ significantly. The sample was mostly affluent, and before-pandemic participation was recalled after the outbreak.