PTOTSLPRCTJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2025

Haptic interaction with a human partner for ankle training in chronic stroke: a pilot study.

Matthew R Short, Laura Bandini, Daniel Ludvig and 3 others

PMID 41413829

WHAT IT FOUND

For ankle training in stroke, partnering with a therapist via robots felt similar to robotic guidance but didn't improve movement accuracy more.

The partner method did increase dorsiflexor muscle activation after training, suggesting it may encourage more active effort.

Key findings

01There was no significant difference in tracking error improvement between human interaction and trajectory guidance when comparing pre- and post-training performance.

02After training with a human partner, participants showed significantly higher dorsiflexor muscle activation compared to after training with trajectory guidance.

03Neither training approach led to significant improvements in a transfer task involving faster movements, indicating limited generalization.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for PTsWhat it means for OTsWhat it means for SLPs

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What it does not show

The study was a pilot with only 9 participants, making it underpowered to detect small differences. Results were from a single session with no long-term follow-up, so it is unclear if the observed muscle activation changes persist or lead to functional gait improvements. Participants had a wide range of ankle impairments, which may have increased variability in results. The training task was specific to seated ankle tracking and did not generalize to faster movements or likely functional walking tasks.

Declared interests

The paper does not explicitly state funding sources or conflicts of interest in the provided text.

The easy way to misread this

Do not interpret the increased muscle activation as proof that this method improves walking or functional outcomes. The study only measured seated ankle tracking in a very small group, and the primary outcome of improved tracking accuracy after training was not significantly different between the two methods.

Summarised by AI from the full paper, without a clinician reviewing it. Check it against the source before it changes what you do. Read it on PubMed →