Glycaemic control and its associated factors in patients with type 2 diabetes in the Middle East and North Africa: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.
Odai Hamed Al-Ma'aitah, Daniel Demant, Samantha Jakimowicz and 1 others
PMID 35621355WHAT IT FOUND
Smoking, obesity, longer diabetes duration and higher waist-to-hip ratio were linked to poorer glycaemic control in MENA adults with type 2 diabetes; physical activity and self-management were linked to better control.
Key findings
01Obesity (OR = 1.30) and elevated waist-to-hip ratio (OR = 1.62) were associated with higher odds of inadequate glycaemic control.
02Smoking (OR = 1.26) and longer diabetes duration (OR = 2.01) were associated with higher odds of inadequate glycaemic control.
03Physical activity (OR = 0.40) and self-management (OR = 0.49) were associated with lower odds of inadequate glycaemic control.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for RNs
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What it does not show
The studies were observational, so they show associations with glycaemic control, not that changing a factor causes better control. 49 of the 54 included studies were cross-sectional, so it is unclear whether the factor came before poor control. Many pooled results were highly inconsistent between studies, and some heterogeneity could not be resolved. Outcome and behaviour data were often self-reported, which can introduce recall bias. Only English-language studies were included. The waist-to-hip ratio finding was pooled from only two studies. Country subgroup findings may not apply broadly.
The easy way to misread this
Do not read these factors as proof that changing smoking, weight, activity or self-management will improve HbA1c. The review pooled mostly cross-sectional observational studies, so it shows associations, not treatment effects.