A State of the Science on HIV Prevention Over 40 Years Among Black and Hispanic/Latinx Communities.
S Raquel Ramos, LaRon E Nelson, Sandra Gracia Jones and 3 others
PMID 33929978WHAT IT FOUND
Some culturally relevant, theory-based HIV prevention interventions reduced risk behaviors in Black and Hispanic/Latinx people, but racism, stigma and access barriers still limit testing and PrEP use.
Key findings
01In women of color, multiple in-person or group sessions, theory-based content, and culturally relevant approaches were more effective than single interactive or media-based interventions for reducing HIV and STI risk behaviors.
02Sister to Sister, a brief HIV and STI risk-reduction intervention for African American women, was reported as effective when delivered by a nurse and when delivered by patient educators or other clinic staff.
03Socioeconomic problems, poor health care access, and stigma were described as direct barriers to HIV prevention, and PrEP uptake was substantially lower among Black populations than among other races.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for RNs
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What it does not show
This is a narrative state-of-the-science review, not an original study, so it does not directly test one intervention against another. It does not report a search strategy, study selection method, or quality appraisal, so readers cannot tell how comprehensive or unbiased the summary is. Many cited interventions were multicomponent, so the contribution of any single element, such as a nurse-delivered script, cannot be separated. Several studies followed participants only for short periods, and one review notes that most interventions were not assessed beyond 2 to 3 months, so durability is uncertain. Some promising interventions showed null results for actual condom use, including Real Talk. The review focuses on United States Black and Hispanic/Latinx populations, so its findings may not transfer to other settings. The authors' recommendations about curricula, representation, and anti-racism are opinions from the review, not measured clinical outcomes.
Declared interests
The authors report no real or perceived vested interests. The article is supported by NIH and U.S. government and Public Health Service research funding.
The easy way to misread this
Do not read this review as proof that nurse-delivered HIV education alone reduces HIV risk. Many interventions include several components, some studies were short-term, and one computer-based program did not show a significant difference in actual condom use.