SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Research for speech-language pathology

Papers a speech-language pathologist can act on — aphasia, dysphagia, developmental language, fluency, voice and augmentative communication — read in full and summarised plainly.

10,216 PAPERS · PAGE 98 OF 205 · NEWEST FIRST

• PTOTSLPSurvey2022Association Between Self-Reported Disability and Lifetime History of Traumatic Brain Injury With Loss of Consciousness Among Veterans and Nonveterans in North Carolina.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationVeterans and nonveterans reporting a lifetime history of traumatic brain injury with loss of consciousness had higher rates of current disability. Cognitive, independent living, and vision disabilities showed the strongest associations. This identifies a group needing careful functional assessment, but does not prove the injury caused the disability.
• SLPCohort2022The Utility of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Sleep Disturbance Item as a Screener for Insomnia in Individuals With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationFor adults with moderate-to-severe TBI, a score of 2 or higher on the PHQ-9 sleep item accurately flags insomnia. This single question can trigger further evaluation without needing lengthy sleep questionnaires.
• PTOTSLPSurvey2022Concussion Evaluation Patterns Among US Adults.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationHalf of adults with a self-reported concussion never saw a doctor or nurse. The main reason was not cost or access, but believing the injury was not serious. Men and those with falls or sports injuries were least likely to seek care.
• PTOTSLPCohort2023Relationship Between Cachexia and the Functional Progress of Patients With Cancer in Inpatient Rehabilitation.American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitationMost cancer patients in inpatient rehab had cachexia, yet those with moderate weight loss recovered function as well as those without. Only the most severe cases gained less function and had poorer survival, suggesting standard rehab remains effective for many.
• PTOTSLPOther2023Views of in-person and virtual group exercise before and during the pandemic in people with Parkinson disease.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationPeople with Parkinson disease who moved from in-person to virtual group exercise reported maintaining or improving mobility and balance. They valued the social connection and convenience of Zoom classes, though few had been referred to the program by a doctor.
• PTOTSLPOther2022Latent Neuropsychological Profiles to Discriminate Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Active-Duty Service Members.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationStatistical clustering of symptoms and test scores separated service members into five profiles, but diagnostic labels like mild TBI or PTSD did not map cleanly to them. Many with mild TBI plus PTSD showed normal functioning, while others had combined deficits.
• PTOTSLPOther2022Work-related support in clinical care for patients with a chronic disease: development of an intervention.Journal of occupational rehabilitationA new stay-at-work care pathway was developed for chronic disease patients. It uses screening cards and conversation tools to help clinicians discuss work issues during routine visits. The intervention is not yet tested for effectiveness.
• PTOTSLPCohort2022Predictors of Postacute Sequelae of COVID-19 Development and Rehabilitation: A Retrospective Study.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationNearly half of adults with confirmed COVID-19 developed post-acute sequelae (PASC) defined as new symptoms lasting at least 31 days. Patients with PASC used significantly more rehabilitation services, including physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech-language pathology, both during and after their initial infection.
• PTOTSLPOther2022Can Outpatient Rehabilitation Be Continued During the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Report from a Japanese Regional Medical University Hospital.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationOutpatient rehabilitation at one Japanese hospital fell in spring 2020 but returned to prepandemic daily numbers by 2021 while screening, masking, disinfection, spaced training, and paused swallowing studies were used. No outpatient rehabilitation clusters occurred.
• PTOTSLPSurvey2023Physical activity and perceived barriers in individuals with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitationMiddle-aged and older adults with traumatic brain injury were less likely to meet physical activity guidelines than younger adults, yet more often reported no barriers. Younger adults cited fatigue, time constraints, and gym discomfort more frequently.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2023Improving shared decision-making for prosthetic care: A qualitative needs assessment of prosthetists and new lower-limb prosthesis users.Prosthetics and orthotics internationalProsthetists and new users want shared decision-making for first prostheses but struggle to align values and options. Users need to know the journey involves socket changes and want to try components. Clinicians need better tools to elicit goals beyond walking.
• PTOTSLPCohort2022Associations of Preexisting Vascular Risk Factors With Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury: A TRACK-TBI Study.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationSmoking before head injury predicted worse function and more symptoms at six months. High blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol showed weaker or no links. Patients with any vascular risk factor were less likely to return to baseline function by six months than those with none.
• SLPCohort2022Research Letter: Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Disease Duration on Neuropsychological Functioning After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Veterans Affairs TBI Model Systems Study.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationIn 89 veterans with traumatic brain injury and obstructive sleep apnea, longer time since sleep apnea diagnosis was associated with worse delayed word recall. Other brief cognitive tests, and having sleep apnea at all, were not associated with scores.
• OTSLPRCT2022The "Mirror Effect Plus Protocol" for acute Bell's palsy: A randomized controlled trial with 1-year follow-up.Clinical rehabilitationIn acute Bell's palsy, MEPP added to medication and counselling (mirror feedback, motor imagery, soft-tissue manipulation, mime therapy, neuromuscular retraining, motor learning principles) showed mixed facial symmetry results: House-Brackmann scores favoured it, but Sunnybrook scores did not differ.
• PTOTSLPRCT2022Impact of adding scapular stabilization to postural correctional exercises on symptomatic forward head posture: a randomized controlled trial.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicineAdding scapular stabilization to postural exercises reduced forward head posture angle from 39 to 53 degrees, versus 46 for postural exercises alone. Neck disability scores dropped more with the added exercises. Both groups improved, but the combined approach was superior for posture and pain sensitivity.
• PTOTSLPCase-Control2022Internet-Based Information Sharing With Families of Patients With Stroke in a Rehabilitation Hospital During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Case-Control Study.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologiesStroke patients whose families received video updates on rehabilitation progress improved more in daily living activities than matched controls. However, families chose to participate, so proactive support rather than the videos may have driven the gain.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2022Predictors of functional outcomes in adults with brain tumor undergoing rehabilitation treatment: a systematic review.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicineRehabilitation improves physical function and daily living in adults with brain tumors. Outcomes are comparable to those seen in stroke and traumatic brain injury. There are no standardized guidelines for assessment or timing, so treatment must be tailored to each patient's functional status.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2022Back to life: Is it possible to be myself again? A qualitative study with persons initially hospitalised due to COVID-19.Journal of rehabilitation medicineSix months post-hospitalization, patients valued gradual return-to-work and interdisciplinary rehab but felt abandoned as family patience waned over invisible symptoms. Some reported post-traumatic growth, while others grieved personality changes. This highlights the need for sustained support and tailored pacing.
• PTOTSLPCase-Control2022Intensive Multi-Disciplinary Outpatient Rehabilitation for Facilitating Return-to-Work after Acquired Brain Injury: A Case-Control Study.Journal of rehabilitation medicinePatients in a coordinated daytime hospital programme were more likely to return to over half their previous work level than those in standard outpatient care. However, neither the primary outcome nor the overall return-to-work rate reached statistical significance, so this is a promising trend rather than proof of benefit.
• PTOTSLPCohort2022Headaches in Traumatic Brain Injury: Improvement Over Time, Associations With Quality of Life, and Impact of Migraine-Type Headaches.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationHeadaches in traumatic brain injury patients generally improved over five years, but those with mild TBI had more severe and frequent headaches than those with moderate or severe injuries. Patients with migraine-type headaches reported worse quality of life, and those with moderate to severe headaches did not show significant improvement over time.
• PTOTSLPOther2022Interobserver and intraobserver reliabilities of determining the ventilatory thresholds in subjects with a lower limb amputation and able-bodied subjects during a peak exercise test on the combined arm-leg (Cruiser) ergometer.International journal of rehabilitation research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Rehabilitationsforschung. Revue internationale de recherches de readaptationDetermining the first ventilatory threshold on a combined arm-leg ergometer is reliable enough for group-level exercise prescription but not for individual cases. The second threshold was often impossible to identify, making it unreliable for clinical use.
• OTSLPQualitative2023Learning to flourish in a new reality: a thematic analysis of couples' experience of participation in a positive psychology intervention post-stroke.Disability and rehabilitationCouples after stroke described ReStoreD activities as giving them ways to notice feelings, slow down, spend intentional time together, and talk about difficult things. Some care-partners felt sadder seeing what they missed, so it is not a relationship fix.
• PTOTSLPNarrative Review2023Why Questionnaire Scores Are Not Measures: A Question-Raising Article.American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitationQuestionnaire scores are counts of behaviors, not true measures of ability. A higher score does not guarantee a patient has more of the trait being tested. Clinicians should treat raw scores as rough approximations, not precise metrics, when judging patient progress or comparing groups.
• PTOTSLPRCT2022Post stroke intervention trial in fatigue (POSITIF): Randomised multicentre feasibility trial.Clinical rehabilitationTelephone-delivered CBT for post-stroke fatigue showed no significant benefit over a leaflet at six months. Both groups improved similarly. The intervention was feasible to deliver but adherence was low, with only 59% of the intervention group attending four or more sessions.
• PTOTSLPRCT2022Barriers to Enrollment in Post-Stroke Brain Stimulation in a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Population.Neurorehabilitation and neural repairOnly 1.9% of acute stroke patients qualified for a brain stimulation trial. Most exclusions were due to strict study criteria like prior strokes or age, not safety concerns. This suggests future trials need broader eligibility to improve enrollment rates.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2022How do stroke survivors and their caregivers manage post-stroke fatigue? A qualitative study.Clinical rehabilitationStroke survivors and caregivers described managing post-stroke fatigue through acceptance, pacing, rest, diaries, goals, and talking with family. Strategies varied by person, and many said clinicians had not discussed fatigue or its management.
• SLPCohort2022Contextual Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury on the Connectome: Differential Effects of Deployment- and Non-Deployment-Acquired Injuries.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationCombat veterans with mild brain injury sustained during deployment showed less efficient brain communication and a less centralized network structure compared to those with non-deployment injuries. These differences persisted an average of 11 years post-injury, suggesting chronic neurobiological changes distinct from PTSD effects.
• PTOTSLPQualitative2022Supporting Sexual Functioning and Satisfaction During Rehabilitation after Spinal Cord Injury: Barriers and Facilitators Identified by Healthcare Professionals.Journal of rehabilitation medicineHealthcare professionals identified awkwardness and lack of training as key barriers to discussing sexual health in spinal injury rehab. They recommended normalizing the topic through standardized assessments, creating sex-focused patient resources, and actively including partners in care.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2022Physical therapy for facial nerve paralysis (Bell's palsy): An updated and extended systematic review of the evidence for facial exercise therapy.Clinical rehabilitationFacial exercise therapy is supported by recent evidence for improving facial function in Bell's palsy. However, the review could not combine data because studies varied widely in design, patient severity, and whether exercises were given alone or mixed with other treatments.
• SLPPilot2023The Behavioral Assessment Screening Tool for Mobile Health (BASTmHealth): Development and Compliance in 2 Weeks of Daily Reporting in Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitationMost people with chronic TBI completed daily symptom reports via text message over two weeks, with 96.7% compliance among those who finished. The tool was rated easy to use, but those who dropped out had more severe symptoms.
• PTOTSLPCohort2023Injury Profiles of Police Recruits Undergoing Basic Physical Training: A Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of occupational rehabilitationInjury risk during police training was significantly higher for female recruits and those aged 30 or older. Lower limb and shoulder injuries caused the most time away from training, suggesting prevention efforts should target these areas and high-risk groups.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2022Telehealth and Remote Interventions for Children With Cerebral Palsy: Scoping Review.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologiesEvidence for telehealth in children with cerebral palsy is scarce and of poor quality, primarily from underpowered pilots. While aggregate results suggest telehealth may match or improve face-to-face care for hand function, clinical recommendations are not possible due to methodological flaws and inconsistent outcome measures.
• PTOTSLPRCT2022Varus Knee Limits Pain Relief Effects of Laterally Wedged Insoles and Ankle-Foot Orthoses in Medial Knee Osteoarthritis.Journal of rehabilitation medicinePatients with less severe knee varus alignment experienced greater pain relief from both laterally wedged insoles and ankle-foot orthoses. A mechanical axis deviation under approximately 14.5 mm predicted a positive response to either device with over 80% sensitivity.
• PTOTSLPRCT2022Effects of Different Montages of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Haemodynamic Responses and Motor Performance in Acute Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of rehabilitation medicineFive daily sessions of dual-montage tDCS before physical therapy improved lower-limb strength and walking speed more than other tDCS types or sham. Upper-limb function did not differ between groups. Brain blood flow measurements showed no significant changes in any group.
• PTOTSLPCohort2022Association Between Anxiety Symptoms, Depression Symptoms, and Life Satisfaction Among Individuals 1 Year After Spinal Cord Injury: Findings From the SCIRehab Project.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationAnxiety symptoms alone did not predict life satisfaction once depression was considered. However, depression moderated the link, meaning anxiety became significant when interacting with depression levels. Clinicians should monitor both anxiety and depression together to understand quality of life after spinal cord injury.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2022Facilitators and barriers to patient-centred goal-setting in rehabilitation: A scoping review.Clinical rehabilitationProviders often believe they are patient-centred but remain directive, creating a barrier to goal-setting. Patients feel unprepared and excluded from the team. The review identifies provider attitudes and lack of time as the primary obstacles, suggesting interventions must target provider beliefs and workflow, not just patient education.
• PTOTSLPNarrative Review2022Compliance with Upper Limb Home-Based Exergaming Interventions for Stroke Patients: A Narrative Review.Journal of rehabilitation medicineHome exergaming compliance varies widely because prescriptions are inconsistent and technical barriers are common. Patients often exceed time limits if allowed, but drop out due to pain, fatigue, or hardware failure. Successful programmes need familiarization, remote support, and realistic dosing to sustain engagement.
• PTOTSLPSystematic Review2022A meta-synthesis of individual, interpersonal, and systemic factors impacting resilience after traumatic brain injury.Rehabilitation psychologySurvivors of traumatic brain injury describe resilience as shaped by three levels. Individual barriers include cognitive decline and identity loss, countered by behavioral strategies like task breakdown. Interpersonal factors involve stigma and isolation, mitigated by strong support networks. Systemic barriers include lost employment and poor service access, eased by vocational support and accessible community resources.
• PTOTSLPCase Report2022Competing at the Cybathlon championship for people with disabilities: long-term motor imagery brain-computer interface training of a cybathlete who has tetraplegia.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationA pilot with tetraplegia improved BCI race times during training but slowed down before competition. The authors link this drop to stress and unstable relaxation signals, suggesting future training must focus on maintaining calm states under pressure.
• SLPPilot2022Usability and validity of a virtual reality cognitive assessment tool for pediatric traumatic brain injury.Rehabilitation psychologyA VR game assessing executive function was well-tolerated and showed modest reliability for working memory and inhibition, but poor flexibility scores and weak validity against parent reports. It is not yet ready for clinical use.
• SLPOther2022Exploring racial performance disparities with the Modified Mini-Mental State Exam (3MS) in an acute brain injury rehabilitation setting.Rehabilitation psychologyBlack patients scored lower than White patients on specific 3MS items for repetition and comprehension, even after adjusting for age and injury type. Total scores showed no racial difference. A low total score should not be read as impairment without considering the patient's history and race.
• PTOTSLPCohort2022Factors influencing the length of stay in a unit with mixed rehabilitation and psychiatric care after a suicide attempt by jumping: a cohort observational retrospective study.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicineLonger hospital stays after suicide jumps were driven by physical severity, not just psychiatric diagnosis. Patients with longer acute care stays, continence issues, or sphincter disorders stayed significantly longer. Behavioral dependence and unemployment also predicted longer stays. Arm mobility limits were linked to shorter stays.
• OTSLPCohort2022Complexity of Participation Post-Stroke: Longitudinal Assessment of Community Participation, Positive Affect, Social Support and Functional Independence.Journal of rehabilitation medicineThree months after stroke rehab, religious or spiritual activity, happiness, social cognition, and socializing outside the home were the strongest links to more social support and motor independence at 12 months. This was observational, not a treatment test.
• PTOTSLPCohort2022The effects of rehabilitation therapy duration on functional recovery of patients with subacute stroke stratified by individual's age: a retrospective multicenter study.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicineLonger daily rehabilitation was linked to better functional recovery in stroke patients aged 70 and older, but not in those under 70. This suggests older adults may benefit more from increased therapy duration, while younger patients might already be receiving enough.
• PTOTSLPCohort2022Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Italian version of the Synkinesis Assessment Questionnaire in individuals with peripheral facial palsy.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicineThe Italian Synkinesis Assessment Questionnaire is reliable and valid for patients with facial palsy. A change in score must be at least 14 points to reflect true improvement, helping clinicians distinguish real recovery from measurement error.
• PTOTSLPCohort2022Sex and Age Group Focus on Outcomes after Multimodal Rehabilitation for Patients with Chronic Pain in Northern Sweden.Journal of rehabilitation medicineMultimodal rehabilitation improved pain and emotional health for all groups, but men’s gains faded by one year while women’s persisted. Social support decreased for everyone, suggesting patients became more independent. Clinicians should plan post-programme support specifically for men to sustain their results.
• PTOTSLPCohort2022Effects of inpatient rehabilitation after acute care on functional and quality-of-life outcomes in children with severe traumatic brain injury.Brain injuryChildren with severe TBI and low consciousness scores at discharge who went to inpatient rehab had better global function at 12 months than those who did not. No difference was found for those with higher consciousness scores or for quality of life.
• PTOTSLPCohort2022Referrals to Early Specialized Rehabilitation after Traumatic Brain Injury during the Covid-19 Pandemic.Journal of rehabilitation medicineReferral to early specialized rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury remained stable during the pandemic. Direct transfers were predicted by younger age, better pre-injury health and severe disability, not by the pandemic status.
• PTOTSLPOther2022Cross-validation of predictive models for functional recovery after post-stroke rehabilitation.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitationA machine learning model predicted stroke rehabilitation outcomes with 79% accuracy using admission data. Trunk control, communication level, and absence of pressure ulcers were the strongest predictors of functional improvement.
• PTOTSLPOther2022Perceived Community Participation and Associated Factors in People With Stroke.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translationCommunity participation after stroke is strongly linked to supportive environments, and moderately linked to less depression, less fatigue, and better mobility. Rehabilitation should address these non-neurologic factors and environmental barriers, not just physical function.