Factors Impacting Pneumococcal Vaccination Among Non-Hispanic Black Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.
Chinyere M Okoh, Leticia R Moczygemba, Carolyn Brown and 3 others
PMID 41014489WHAT IT FOUND
Non-Hispanic Black adults with type 2 diabetes were more likely to report pneumococcal vaccination if they felt at risk and had a past-year flu vaccine.
Those who thought the disease was more severe were less likely to report vaccination.
Key findings
01Of 330 eligible participants who completed the questionnaire, 219 (66.4%) reported receiving at least one dose of pneumococcal vaccine.
02In the adjusted model, perceived susceptibility and influenza vaccination history were associated with higher pneumococcal vaccination, while perceived severity was associated with lower pneumococcal vaccination.
03Unvaccinated participants noted limited knowledge and absent health care provider recommendations as barriers, and some said provider recommendations would encourage vaccination.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for RNs
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What it does not show
The study measured associations at one time point, so it cannot show that perceived susceptibility, influenza vaccination, or provider recommendation caused pneumococcal vaccination. Vaccination status, diabetes characteristics, and health beliefs were self-reported, and participants may have inaccurately reported past events. Recruitment through a voluntary online panel may have introduced selection and sampling bias, and motivated participants may be overrepresented. The sample was mostly women, insured, and from the southern United States, so results may not generalize to other genders, regions, or socioeconomic groups. Knowledge items were below the acceptable reliability level and were not analyzed, and self-efficacy measured general vaccine confidence rather than pneumococcal vaccination specifically. Open-ended web responses from unvaccinated participants may not fully represent participants' perceptions.
Declared interests
The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest.
The easy way to misread this
Do not read the adjusted odds ratio of 6.4 for influenza vaccination history as proof that giving a flu vaccine causes pneumococcal vaccination. The study was cross-sectional, used self-reported vaccination status, and measured associations at one time point.