Establishing Therapeutic Relationships with Immigrant Families of Disabled Children: A Scoping Review.

Only English-language, peer-reviewed articles available through a university library were included, which the authors say may have excluded work from the Global South. The review did not assess the quality of the 24 included studies, and most were small qualitative studies. Nothing here tests whether any of these strategies improves care. Refugees and asylum seekers were explicitly excluded, as were studies of adults, so the findings do not speak to those families. Most of the evidence comes from high-income, English-speaking countries (11 of 24 studies from Canada), while the families described mainly came from middle- and low-income countries, so the strategies reflect practice in host countries rather than the families' own settings. The first author screened all titles and abstracts alone, although full-text screening and disagreements involved a second reviewer.

The authors state that they received no financial support for the research, authorship or publication of this article. No sponsor or commercial interest is declared.

Do not take this as evidence that cultural competence or cultural sensitivity training improves care. This is a scoping review mapping what 24 mostly small qualitative studies described, it did not appraise the quality of those studies or test any strategy against an outcome, and the authors' argument that these approaches position families as the 'other' is their reading of the literature rather than a measured result.