Establishing the Cultural Equivalence of the Young Children's Participation and Environment Measure (YC-PEM) for Use in Singapore.
Chun Yi Lim, Mary Law, Mary Khetani and 2 others
PMID 26642891WHAT IT FOUND
Even though Singapore uses English, many YC-PEM items needed changes for young children’s participation.
Activity examples, wording, and item order were revised. Parents understood instructions, although providers worried the questionnaire was lengthy.
Key findings
01Thirteen of 28 participation items and thirteen of 36 environmental items were modified, mainly because activity examples were not relevant to Singapore.
02Eight words and four phrases were changed to make wording culturally understandable.
03Nine of ten providers thought the format and instructions were too lengthy, but all parents understood the instructions.
STILL TO COME
How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for OTs
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What it does not show
The sample was purposive and small, so findings may not represent all providers or parents. Some age groups were underrepresented. Parents of children with physical disabilities were not included. The study did not sample until data saturation. The study established conceptual, item, semantic, and operational equivalence only. Measurement equivalence, reliability, validity, and clinical usefulness of the adapted version were not tested in this phase.
Declared interests
The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
The easy way to misread this
Do not conclude that the adapted YC-PEM is ready for routine clinical use or will improve outcomes. This study only changed questionnaire items for cultural relevance; reliability, validity, and measurement equivalence were not tested here.