Cultural Influences, Experiences and Interventions Targeting Self-Management Behaviours for Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes in First-Generation Immigrants: A Scoping Review.

Only English-language studies were included, so useful evidence from other languages may be missing. Most studies used convenience or purposive sampling, so the results may not apply to all immigrant groups or regions. Research focused mainly on large immigrant groups in the US, such as Mexican, Chinese and Korean adults, while smaller groups, refugees, war migrants and stateless people were underrepresented. No included studies reported application of social determinants of health screening in this population. Study designs, outcomes and intervention components varied widely. This makes comparison and certainty about effects difficult. Intervention evidence came mostly from feasibility or pre-post studies, so it cannot show which component caused change. The search ended in February 2023, although a later search found three papers that did not change the review's conclusions.

Do not read the review as evidence that culturally tailored diabetes programmes improve outcomes. The review included many different interventions. Most were feasibility or pre-post studies, and the authors say effectiveness is uncertain.