PTOTPilotJournal of rehabilitation medicine2025

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Japanese translation of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for upper and lower extremity sensorimotor function after stroke.

Yukitaka Tomoda, Toru Nagao, Tomoko Uchida and 5 others

PMID 40762231

WHAT IT FOUND

The Japanese Fugl-Meyer Assessment was translated and tested in 10 patients with chronic stroke.

Raters agreed on most items, with agreement above 90% for the majority. Only two sensation items showed scoring inconsistencies, which were corrected in the final version.

Key findings

01The translation process involved forward and backward translation by bilingual experts, followed by a pilot study to check for discrepancies.

02In the pilot study, intra- and inter-rater agreement was above 90% for most items, with all agreements considered acceptable.

03Systematic disagreement was found in only two light touch sensation items, leading to further revisions of the translation.

STILL TO COME

How it was doneWhat they foundWhat it means for PTsWhat it means for OTs

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What it does not show

The pilot study included only 10 patients, which is a very small sample size for validating a complex assessment tool. All participants were in the chronic stage of stroke (more than 180 days post-stroke), so the reliability in acute or subacute patients is unknown. The raters had limited experience with the Fugl-Meyer Assessment, which may have influenced the agreement scores, although the authors argue this reflects real-world variability. The study did not assess construct validity or responsiveness to change, only translation accuracy and rater agreement.

Declared interests

The authors declared no conflicts of interest and received no financial support for this work.

The easy way to misread this

Do not assume this tool is validated for acute stroke patients or that it predicts recovery outcomes. The study only tested translation accuracy and rater agreement in a small group of 10 patients with chronic stroke.

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